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0 UNIVERSITY UBRARJES STANFORD
LIBRARIES . STANFORD
UNIVERSn
STANFORD UNIVERSITY LIBRARIES
S't' "/
Dr. David Harris
/ERSITV
ARIES STANFORD university LIBRAR
XNFORD UNIVERSITY LIBRARIES STANFOl
ST (VKF ORO VIT^W ^ ^ *
STANFORD
UNIVERSITY
LIBRARIES . STANF
JNIVERSITY LIBRARIES STANFORD UNI\
^IFORD UNIVERSITY LIBRARIES STANFORD
^SITY LIBRARIES STANFORD UNIVERSITN
lES STANFORD UNIVERSITY LIBRARIES
STANFORD
UNIVERSITY LtBRARl
UNIVERSITY
LIBRARIES ■ STANF
UNIVERSITY LIBRARIES ■ STANFORD UNIVER:
^ORD UNIVERSITY LIBRARIES STANFORD
UNIVERSITY
BIOGRAPHICAL HISTORY
OF
ENGLAND,
^tom lEgbttt tfie <Steat to tfie Uebolntioni
CONSISTING OF
CHARACTERS DISPOSED IN DIFFERENT CLASSES,
AND ADAPTED TO
METHODICAL CATALOGUE OF ENGRAVED BRITISH HEADS
INTENDED AS
AN ESSAY TOWARDS REDUCING OUR BIOGRAPHY TO SYSTEM, AND
A HELP TO THE KNOWLEDGE OF PORTRAITS :
INTERSPERSED WITH
A VARIETY OF ANECDOTES,
AND
MEMOIRS OF A GREAT NUMBER OF PERSONS,
NOT TO BE FOUND IN ANT OTHER BIOOEAPHICAL WORK.
WITH A PREFACE,
SHEWING THE OTIUTY OF A COLLECTION OF ENGRAVED PORTRAITS TO SUPPLY THE
DEFECT, AND ANSWER THE VARIOUS PURPOSES, OF MEDALS.
BY THE REV. J. GRANGER,
VICAR OF SHIPLAKE, IN OXFORDSHIRE.
Aiiimom pictar& pascit inaDi. — Virg.
Celebrare domestica facta. — Hor.
FIFTH EDITION,
WITH UPWARDS OF FOUR HUNDRED ADDITIONAL LIVES.
IN SIX VOLUMES:
VOL. V.
LONDON:
PRINTED FOR WILLIAM BAYNES AND SON,
PATIRNOSTBR ROW: »
t^ SOLD BY W. CLARKE, NEW BOND STREET; J. MAJOR, FLEET STREET; J. AND J. ARCH,
CORNHILL: J. PARKER, OXFORD: DEIGHTON AND SONS, CAMBRIDGE:
H. S. BAYNES AND CO. EDINBURGH; AND R. M. TIMS, DUBUN«
1824.
»-'•»•■
Printed by J. F. Dove, St John's Square.
BIOGRAPHICAL HISTORY
OF
ENGLAND.
REIGN^ OF CHARLES II. CONTINUED.
CLASS IV.
THE CLERGY.
ARCHBISHOPS AND BISHOPS.
GiLBERTUS SHELDON, archiepiscopus Cantuari-
ensis ; half length ; h. sh. mezz.
The print exactly corresponds with the original painting of him
in the theatre at Oxford. There is another original at Amesbury>
similar to the former.
GiLBERTUS Sheldon ; a head copied, from this
prints by VerttLC ; large 4to.
GiLBERTUS Sheldon, &c. -D. Loggan ad vivum
del. et sc. This was done when he was bishop of
London.
Archbishop Sheldon ; an engravings Sva. copied
from the larger mezzotinto.
Archbishop Sheldon ; ^vo. mezz.
Gilbert Sheldon, &c. Clamp.
VOL. ▼. B
BIOGRAPHICAL HISTORY
lated
Lon-
GiLBERT Sheldon, &c. Gardiner; 4to. 1797.
There is a good print of his monument in Croydon church, in
Lyson's " Environs of London."
Gilbert Sheldon. T. Nugent sc. In Harding's
" Biographical Mirrour,'' 1793.
Archbishop Sheldon was some time warden of All-Souls CoUege,
^"" in Oxford, and clerk of the closet to Charles I. who had a great
esteem for him. He was, upon the restoration of Charles XL who
knew his worth, and during his exile had experienced his munifi-
cence, made dean of the chapel royal. He was afterward succes-
sively promoted to the sees of London and Canterbury, in both
which he succeeded Dr. Juxon. His benevolent heart, public spirit,
prudent conduct, and exemplary piety, merited the highest and most
conspicuous station in the church** He expended, in public and
private benefactions, and acts of charity, no less than 66,000/. as
appeared from his accounts. Much of this money was appropriated
to the relief of the necessitous in the time of the plague, and to tk
redemption of Christian slaves. Tlie building only of the theatre
in Oxford cost bim 16,000/. This structure alone is sufficient to
perpetuate the memory of the founder and the architect (K»
9 Nov. 1677,
RICHARDUS STERNE, archiepiscopus Eborar
censis. F. Place f. large h. sh. mezz.
Richard Sterne. Harding sc. 1799.
ilated
Car-
fune
664.
I. . ."•
Richard Sterne, who was educated at Cambridge, was,^ ift^^ABj
reign (^Charles I. master of Jesus College in that universityif |od^
chaplain to Archbishop Laud. -Upon the commencemeixt<af wi|
civil war, when the kind's necessities were very urgent, be, aoA se-
veral others of the heads of houses, were very instrumental in send'
* Dr. Eachardy ia the Dedication of his second Dialogue against Hdifeiei^flJ^j
thM he was able to live down many " Leviathans.'*
> III the .«« Stra£M« Pap^rn,'* voL I p. 208,1^ this passage, in a lettsr <»f^C^
to the lord-deputj Wentworth : " The lonfp^cUipputed businea^ fvt thtk
St. John's CoUege, in Cambridge, is now at an end, &cc, and one Sterne, t
scholar, who first summed^u]^ 4^e thiee thoits^tnd and si^ bundped finriti l^.i
in our printed Bibles of London, is by his Majesty's direction to the Bishop of ^
who elects thei'e, made master 9i J^u« Colie^." - . . ; ;
n
TAN FORD UNIVERSITY UBRARIES STAN FOR
NIVERSITY
LIBRARIES . STANFORD
UNIVERS
BRARIES STANFORD UNIVERSITY Ll BRARI E
FAN FORD
NIVERSir
BRARIES
g'H of
Dr. David Harris
SITY LIBRARIES ■ STANFORD UNIVERSITY LIBR
!IES STANFORD UNIVERSITY LIBRARIES
4 BIOGRAPHICAL HISTORY
t5, against popery, though it gave great offence to the king. His ex-
ample wasx followed by the other bishops. He was editor of the
" Gentleman's Calling," supposed to be written by the author of
the " Whole Duty of Man."* Ob. Oct. 1675.
HENRICUS COMPTONUS, episcopus Londinen-
sis. Loggan sc. 1679 ; large h. sh. — Henry Compton
was successor to Bishop Henchman in the see of Lon-
don. There is some account of him in the next reign.
JOHANNES COSIN, episcopus Dunelmensis. W.
Dolle sc. Before his " History of Transubstantiationy
1676 ; 8w.
John Cosiu was master of Peter-house, in Cambridge, and dean
of Peterborough, in the reign of Charles I. in which he enjoyed
several other considerable preferments. He was accused of intro-
ducing superstitious innovations in the church of Durham, of which
he was then a prebendary,t by Peter Snxart, who had been pro-
secuted by him for preaching against episcopacy. He held Un
deanery but a short time, as he was the first of the clergy who were
sequestered from their dignities and benefices by the parliamentt
In 1643, he retired to Paris, where he was appointed chaplain to
the Protestant part of Queen Henrietta's family. He succeeded Dr.;
Morton in the see of Durham; and while he sat in that see, expended,
more than 36,000/. in public and private charities and benefactioiUL
He died Jan. 15, 1671-2, in the 78th year of his age« His prin«
cipal work, which sh^ws him to have been a man of learning, is hi&
" Scholastical History of the Canon of the Holy Scripture ;'' a book,
still in esteem. The first edition was published in 1657, the second
in 1672; 4ta.
BRIAN DUPPA, quondam episcopus Wintoniensis.
R. W. (White) sc. Before his " Holy Rules and Helps
of Devotion,''^ 8gc. small \2mo. 1674.
* See the epistle prefixed to the octavo edition of that book.
t He is, in Rapines '* History," said to have been dean ; but this is a mistake, r.
t He ms installed dean in November, 1640.
OF ENGLAND. ■ ■ < 5
There is a poitnut of bhn at Cbiist Church, in Oxford, of which
college be was dean.
Brian Duppa, who was successively promoted to the bishoprics Translated
of Chichester and Salisbury by Charles I. was, upon the restoration ^™ *^**"
of Charles II. advanced to the see of Winchester. He had been 4,1660.
preceptor to the latter of these princes, and was, in all respects, well
qualified for that important ofiBce. He was a very handsome per-
sonage, of a graceful deportment, and of an irreproachable life*
He Uved in retirement at Richmond during the usurpation ; and was
then hospitable, generous, and charitable, to a degree beyond his
fortune. He is said to have received 50,000/. for fines, soon after
his translation to Winchester. It is certain that he remitted no less
than 30,000/. to his tenants, and that he left 16,000/. to be expend-
ed in acts of charity and munificence. He left legacies to Christ
Church, and All-Souls College, in Oxford ; and to the several cathe-
drals in which he sat as bishop; and founded an almshouse at
Richmond. The king asked his blessing on his knees, as he lay on
his death-bed. He died March 26, 1662. He was author of ser-
mons, and several books of devotion. When he was bishop of
Chichester, he published his '* Jonsonius Verbius," which is a coU
lection of verses in pnuse of Ben Jonson and his works, by above
thirty different hands.
GEORGE MORLEY, bishop of Winchester. P.
Lely p. R. Tompson^ exc. large h. sh. mezz.
George Morley, &c. Lely p. Vertue sc. 1740,
In the collection of General Dormery at Rowsham.
Illust. Head.
George Morlet, &c. in the " Oxford Almanack^^
1744. .
George Morley, &c. sitting in a chair; h. sh.
mezzi
1 This print, as I learn from Vertue's manuscript , was
done by Vansomer.
There is a portrait of him at Christ Church, in Oxford, of which
^ was canon, and afterward dean.
There is another by Sir Peter Lely, at Amesbury.
OF l^VGLAVD. 7
ftterlfewm who was. a fdlov of Si, Jofan*8 C^ege, left that Transhte^
lod^ vjpon the oommencesnent of th« ciyil war, tmd enteted into ^?J^^
(ktofMi^um^, where, he was promoted to the rank of a captain. ^yZ2
fle wsed the king hoth in England and Scotland, and afterward ter,29No
rafted beyond the seas. In the time of the interregnum, he entered
into holy orders, and wasj by a relation, presented to the rectory of
lamboum, in Essex, which he was not suffered to enjoy* As he
kad been a zealous royalist, preferments were heaped upon him after
tiie restoration, and he rose by the usual gradations to a bishopric*
ia Fd>ruary,. 1672*3, he was promoted to the see of Bath and
Wella, whence he was translated to Winchester. Mr. Wood tells
us, that '* when he sat in the former of these sees, he was much be-
kred and admired for his hospitality, generosity, justice, and fre-
foent preaching.'' Bishop Burnet represents him as a man of
very slender abilities, with a small pittance of learning,, who by his
zeal and obsequiousness raised himself through several steps to his
iogh station in the church. In 1685, he again appeared in arms
to oppose the Duke of Monmouth. Ob, Nov. 9, 1706.
His portrait may be placed in the next reign, in which it was pro-
kMy engraved. See the reign of James II.
ROBERTUS SANDERSON, episcopus Lincolni-
ensis, JEt. 76, 1662. Zoggan, sc. h. sh. This appears
to be the original print.
RoBERTUs Sanderson, episcopus Lincolniensis.
W. Hollar/. 1668 ; 12mo,
RoBERTus Sanderson, &c. J?<. 76. W. Dolle sc.
Before his " Sermons, with his Life ;" folio.
RoBERTUs Sanderson, &c. JEt. 76. R. White sc.
Before his " Zj/e," 1678 ; %vo.
Robert Sanderson ; in the " Oxford Almanack,''
1733.
Dr. Sanderson, who stands at the head of all casuists, ancient ^f"^
or modem, .was freqaently oonsuked by Charles J. His casuistry i660.
8
BIOGRAPHICAL HISTORY
is founded on the clear principles of truth and equity, and is
different from that which hath been taught in the schools of
Jesuits; in which sophistry was substituted for argument^ and
guise and mental reservation for candour and sincerity.* He
especially in the former part of his life^ remarkable for his en
modesty ; an infirmity oftener seen in men of the quickest sei
and the best understanding, than in the half-witted, the stupid,
the ignorant. He would often lament this weakness to his inl
friends. His Latin lectures, read in the divinity school atOi
are well known.f His Sermons still maintain their reputation
clearness of reason f and a purity of style, which seems to be the i
of it. Ob. 29 Jan. 1662-3.
Archbishop Usheir has given us a just and admirable chai
of this great [Mrelate^ which may been seen at p. 531, of Llo]
** Memoirs J*
* * . •
NICHOLAS MONCK, lord-bishop of Hereford,
~ * TBe moral character of this great 'md good man has lately been rasblji
feebly "attacked by the author of the Coitfational,t snd as ably defended by I
author of " A Dialogue between Isaac Walton and HomoIogistes."$ Every
to church-government hath been, for the same reason, an enemy to Bishop Si
and every other prelate; but I am confident tha^ the uprightness and integ^<
his heart, as a casuist, was njprer before called in question by any man who wui
an entire stranger to ' his character.' He saw and deplored, and did his at
'honestly and ratwnallyf to remedy the complicated ills of anarchy in churdi
state ; when " every man projected and reformed, and did what was right ia
own eyeiBr No image can better express such a condition, than that of a dead
in a state of putrefaction ; when, instead of one noble creature, as it was whea
held it together, there are ten thousand little nanseous reptiles growmg oot d\
every one crawling in a path of its own."||
. t Casuistry. has perhaps jstarted niore difficulties than ever it solved ; as
is more common than for scrupjes to multiply upon reflection. Dr. Sanderson '
frequently embarrassed in nice points, and was sometimes at a loss to know wludij
reason should preponderate, among the variety that offered, when the ckick it"!
ibrmed him that it was time to read his lecture. He was then obliged to deteanHl
from necessity. It is observable, that the hasty decbions which he made weng^j
nerally the same that he afterward adhered to, upon the maturest deliberation.
Telumque imbelle sine ictu
Conjecit. Viro.
See the id edit, of the " Confessional/' betwixt page 299, and 313.
I Lond. 1768, 8vo.
I Modge'i^ *' SermoBS.'' ^rmoh on the Eviti 6f Anarchy, p. 86.
Nicholas MoNCE[,Br of Hebuford. i6So
Obit 1661. aet 60.
'2 Hr-^ii^uvtesfi^ KMM^sr. Jj
OF ENGLAND. 9
Jos. Nutting sc. a small head^ with several others of
the Rawlinson family ; 4to.
Nicholas Moxck, bishop of Hereford, 1660 j oval^
in a square frame y small. W. Richardson.
Nicholas Monck was third son of Sir Thomas Monck, of Pothe- Coiuec.
ridge, in Devonshire^* and brother to the general. He lived some ^^^i.
years upon a small benefice in that county ; but was, before the
restoration, presented by Sir John Greenvile to the rectory of Kilk-
bampton, worth about 300/. a year. Sir John, at the same time,
signified to him, that if he should have occasion to use his interest
with his brother, he hoped he might depend upon him : Mr. Monck
assured him that he might. He was afterward employed by that
gentleman and sent to Scotland to engage the general in the king's
service. It is probable that the arguments he used had their due
weight ; but he could not prevail with his brother to enter into con-
fidence with him. His near relation to the man that set the king
upon the throne, and his own personal services, entitled him to
preferment. He was therefore in June, 1660, made provost of
Bton College* and soon after promoted to the bishopric of Here-
ford. He could scarcely be said to enjoy this preferment, as he
^ed within a year after his promotion, on the 17th of December,
.1661.
EDWARDUS REYNOLDS, episcopus, Norvicen-
sis. R. White so. 12mo.
Edward Reynolds, preacher at Lincoln*s-Inn, and one of the Consec.
assembly of divines, was by the authority of parliament, preferred i^!i.*
to the deanery of Christ Church, in Oxford, on the 12th of April,
1648, soon after the ejection of Dr. Samuel Fell. About two years
^r, he was himself ejected, and Dr. John Owen, who was as
%hly esteemed and revered by the independents, as Dr. Reynolds
^ by the Presbyterians, was promoted to that deanery, which he
* The Moncks of Fotheridge are said to have descended ffoin Arthur Piantagenet,
^iicoimt lisle, a natural son of Edward IV. It is asserted, that the race of Plan-
^*Saiet became extinct with that of Monck : this is very ioiprobabie, as the Fi(s>
^virds were doubtless as nnmeroas as the Fitz-Cbarles's. B«t it was not usoaf,
b the age of Edward, for the natural sons of kings to be created dukes, or even so
inch u owned.
▼OL. V, C
10 DIOGHAPHICAL HISTORY
enjoyed for about nine years. In 1659, Dr. Reynolds was agoii
restored ; but the next year was obliged to give place to Dr. Morlej,
who was appointed dean by royal authority. The king, soon aftei
his restoratton, endeavoured to bring over to the church some of
the most eminent divines among the diBBenlers, by offering ihem
dignities. They all refused, except Dr. Reynolds, who accepted
of the bishopric of Norwich. He was universally allowed to be a
man of extraordinary parts, and discovers in his writings a richneH
of fancy, as well as a solidity of judgment. He died the 29tb oE
July, 1676, and was buried in the new chapel belonging to his
palace, which was built at his own expense.
JOHN RACKET, bishop of Lichfield and Coventry,
Mt. 78, ^c. Faithoriie sc. Over the head is this mom,
"■ Serve God and be chear/uL'' There is a character
of cheerfulness in his countenance.* This head is pre-
Ji.ied to his " Century of Sermons."
JoHAKNis Hace£t, &c. 1G70. Faitkome sc.
Svo.
The motto of this worthy prelate was perfectly adapted to hti
'■ character. He was pious and humane, learned and eloquent, an'
highly esteemed by all that knew him. As his temper was natuiallj
lively, these advantages still added to his innate cheerfulness, and
rendered him the happy man that he appeared to be. He was chap-
lain in ordinary to James I. who preferred him to the rectories of St
Andrew's, Holborn, and Cheam, in Surrey. i- He was in the oeit
reign promoted to a prebend and residentiary's place in the chuich
of St. Paul, London ; but was soon after forced to quit that, and
hii rectory of St. Andrew's, which he recovered at the restoratioD-I
* Cliirkctei, of aitj kind, i: the strongest preauioptive proof that a portniit a Hb
the person represented.
t ■' Biog. Btil." p. 9156.
t Dr. Hnckct. when minister of St. Andrew's, HollKiin, haclng, soon tl
reitorationi received nolioe of the internwiit of ■ fauatic, belonging tu his pmib.
got the BdHbI Office b; heart. Ai he wni a great muter of elocution, md wu
himself alwaji alfeDlcd with the proprietj (nil Mcellence of ihe composition, be tc-
livered it with inch ciiiphasiB and grace, ai tooclied the hearts of erprj one ji
and especiiill; of the friends of the deceived, who unanlmaualy declared, that IkJ
never heard a finer discourse. But hoii Here they oaloniihed, xlien they w»
ohh. ,
H.s fa<e I J ^er hut n,i /., ,
TKut lilcr kijfime n/oJ- great and uncon/^n 'd,
K/ ku»Mc tax., and h^ors w^uld pr<,uent:
BuO -ui.rlues Luitt the yrratejt m-emcmeni,
WAurk a.U tUtrourlr,^ l,n,e cannot de/are ^
Till iht tirorld n/ants loth qra/ilude ami onu:e.
FubAfmlU^fiS hy'Whohard/'mJ\f3l cftrunAjy
OF ENGLAND. 11
Ele wai, the year after, advanced to the bishopric of Lichfield and
[Coventry. He caused the magnificent cathedral, which Dr. Plot
i^alls ** Uie finest public building in England/'* to be rep^ed and
i>eautified, at the expense of 20,000/. He wrote, during his tetire-
ment widi his pupil Sir John Byron, at Newstede Abbey, his Latin
comedy, entitled, '^Loyola," which was twice acted before James L
His " Sermons,'' and his « Life of Archbishop Williams," to whom
he was domestic diaplain, were published after his decease. The
former are too much in the style of Bishop Andrews ; the latter is
thought to be too favourable to the character of the archbishop.
But this is not to be wondered at, as it is as difficult for a good na-
tured and giatefiil person to speak ill of his friend and patron, as
it is to spe^ ai of hfanself. Ob. 28 Oct. 1670, JEt. 78.
EDWAJU) RAINB^^^ bishop of Carlisle, JEi. 74.
Sturt sc. Before his ** Life,'' by Jonathan Banks.-\
Six English verses. Copied by Richardson.
Edward Rainbow was bom at Bliton, near Gainsborough, in Consec.
Lincobshiie, on the 20th of April, 1608. He was educated at ^^^.^^
that it was taken fiom onr LHnrgj, a book which, though ihej had never read, they
had been taoght to regard with contempt «ad detestation !(
This atory, but without the name of Dr. Hacket, who was certainlj meant, is
drcunatanllaUy told In Bidiop Sprnt*! cso^llent Discouiae to.his Clergy, 1695,
p. 15, &c.
* The west fiANtfs of Uie cathedrals of lichftelda WeUs, and Peterborough, are
greatly and deservedly admired : so is the church of Salisbury, which was begun
early in Henry the Third'a reign, and finished upon a settled plan, without any
variations ; and is tiierefore by fiur the most regular of all onr ancient churches ;$
bat these beantilnl ai^d magnificent Gothic structures are by no means comparable
to the cfaurch-of St. Ambrose at Milan, and the cathedral at Rheiroa. There b a
fine print of the last in Beger's Antiquities of that place; a small 4to. in French!
t See " Athen. Oxon/' ii. coll. 1158.
% Hie worthy Bishop Bull, when a parish-priest, is known to have practised the
same honest art, with like success, in using other offices of our Liturgy. See bis
" life," p. 40 & 55.
$ See Bentham's ** Hist. &c. of the Church of Ely/' p. 38, &c. where are some
excellent remarks on our Gothic churches. [In Mr. Grose's beautiful and curious
work, is a no less excellent account of the Saxon architecture.] There are two prints
of the cathedral of Salisbury worth the reader's notice : the one drawn by Jackson,
and engraved by Fougeron; the other, an inside view, drawn by Biddlecombe,
a gentleman's servant, and engraved by Miller, who used to write his name
M'dller.
12 BIOGRAPHICAL filSTOET
Magdaleo CoDe^, in Camhndge, of ^^lidi iie wwm some tooe
ter. He ga:ve earir prooft of liie qnidoiaB sad WSincf
{Mills, by SD estemporary ipwy.li, ipnfcfw at a pnhiir wtit^ lA
vas called upon to n^pij '^ plaoe of liie pnvarioctoEy* lA
OKlered, by theTioe<lmiioenar, tobepaDoddovniiDrlBBSOH
He aftenrajrd aoqnitted bmadf widi banoar a sn iiwiaiiBi
senoQon, pteaxdied, at 'die request of lihe vioe-cbaoeBor, 1
Ibe uQiTenity; the penon wbxme tm iLwam to fMMdi fid
perfonn his duty. He was cekbntad ibr Ins dofMBoe i
pulpit ; but hb style was, in the fanner pntcf his fife, too
and bordering, at least, upon affisctatkan, a fedt wfikli he
ward o(MTected« He was a man of polile ■■■■eB, una
learning, axid of exemplary piety and cbmatf. He dfad c
1^6th of Idarch, 1684. Tbeie are only fimr of Us
the OKMrt considerable of which is that whidi he
funeral of Anne, countess of Pembrc^, I>oraet, and Montgc
There runs through all his works a vein of the pedantiy of d
former reigns.
6ETHU6 WARDUS, episcopos Salisbuii
I^gS^^ ^c. 1678 ; large h. sh.
Seth Ward, &c. mezz.
Seth Ward ; an etching. (Claumn) Richat
Seth Waed ; in the " Oxford Almanack^ 17J
His portrait^ by Greenhill, is in the town-hall at Salisbury.
Vrntec. Bp, Seth Ward was the first that brought mathematical leamii
« Jul**' vogue in the university of Cambridge ; where he lectured his
66t, trin»- in the ^' Clavis Mathematica," a well known work of the cele
i.bifr'se^T ^^' Oughtred. He was followed by Dr. Barrow, who carri
6&r. ' branch of science to a great height. These able mathema
were succeeded by Mr. Isaac Newton, who made such discc
as perhaps no human capacity was ever equal to but his
Dr. Ward particularly excelled in astronomy, and was the fin
* Called Term Filios, at Oxford.
t Dr. John North, who succeeded Dr. Barrow in the mastership of Trini
lege, used to say, that be belieyed Mr. Newton would have killed himst
study, if be had not wrought with his bands in making experiments.—" Lif<
John North, by R. North," p. S4S.
OF ENGLAND. 13
demonstratirely proved the elliptical bypodtesis,* which Ib niQre
plain and simple, and caQsequently Dion luitMtde to the viliOgj
f4 aatare, ^an any other. He succeeded Hr. -John Ore&Vei, W
SniMan professor of astroDomy at Oxford, and waa, a little beibie
thti KStOratioD, elected president of Trinity College, in that iim-
iME^; but was soon after forced to quit tliii prefennent. He
|ijn|htii ll several books of divinity ; bat the greateat part of his
^Itt We on mathematical subjects. See the " Athente Ozoni-
eMK^" This very able man, whose character was exemplary as a
)itt|Ee, dieit on the 6th of January, 1(188-9. He waa a cloie rea-
HWr Hod an admirable speaker, baving, in the House of Lords,
\iSo esteemed equal, at least, to the Earl of Shaftesbury. He was
1 peat benefactor to both his bishoprics, as, by his ioteieat, the
ilanery of Burien, in CornwalI,f was annexed to the former, and
tbe cliitncdiorsbip of the Garter to the latter, ft»r ever. He was
ptffie, hospitable, and generous; and,inhifl lifetime, founded the
calkg« at Salisbury, for the reception and support of ministers'
widem ; and the sumptuous hospital at Bnntingford, in Hertford-
ilms, the place of his nativity. His intimate fiiend. Dr. Walter
^oft, the noted author of " The old Man's Wish," has given us
) fai and curious account of his life, iaterspersed with agroeable
iBtcdtitBS of his friends.
JOHN DOLBEN, lord-bishop of Rochester. J.
lla^smatis (Huysmam) p. Tom^son exc. large h. th.
JoSir DoLBEN, &c. together with Bishop Fell
'GtnvtU'*" Fliu Ultra," p. 46.
t Vk Uat dean of Burien »at Dr. Thomai W;kei4 nbo h>d man wit thin db-.
'™* ~^~ notorioM fui hit poDi, of wUoh tbe. MIowlag ii leeoniBd bj Dr.
"r'*" in Comwali, itt Iba doe of tba einl wir. Dr. Wykea,
' Ml msjesij : " The king ipolu tbiu Id bun, " Dortor,
1 pray, litnT dd ia he !" To which he, out of
lOllbeqiilbblaofbubeul, returned thisuuwer i " If it pleue jdbi
aqMtj.heiiin tbe MCODd jeai of bis reign (rein)." The good king did not like
jj jei^ and gm*e bim iDch on aiuwer u be deierred, irbich wb> thu :
tHewM ibe lut dean t>ef)ire the uaei&tion of the deanery to the biihopric of
Entn. It hai lipm bean lepuated from that see.
t " life oTSsthWard," p. 59.
14 BIOGRAPHICAL HISTORY
and Dr. Allestrv. Lely p. Loggan exc. large
mezz. .
John Dolben, &c. 4fo. from an original jd
W. Richardson.
There is a portrait of him at Christ Church.
John Dolben^ who distinguished himself hy the early prej
of his parts at Westminster school, was, in 1640, elected a i
of Christ Church, in Oxford, In the civil war, when that c
made a garrison for the king, he entered a volunteer into tb
army. He acquitted himself so well in his military capaci
he was soon made an ensign, and at length advanced to tj
of a major. Upon the disbanding of the army, he again '
himself to his studies ; and having entered into holy ord
was, upon the restoration, preferred to a canonry of Christ I
He was afterward made archdeacon of London^ qlerk of thi
to the king, and dean of Westminster. In 1666, he was ad
to the bishopric of Rochester, with which he held his del
■commendam. He was a man of great generosity, cando
bene¥olence, and was justly admired as a preacher. The
as they afterward did in the reign of Anne, assembled in
to hear
" Him of the western dome, whose weighly scase
Flow*!! in fit wordsi and lieavenly eloqaence."
Drtdbn^s Absolom , A
He was afterward translated to York, and died the
April, 1686. Two or three of his sermons only are in print
* In the '* History and Antiquities of Rochester, &c."t by. an able ha
following character of him, taken from a manuscript of Sir William IWa
drew this great >and good man from thelifK ** He was an eztraerdimi
person, though gfown too fat ; of an open countenance, a li^el j pierdng
majestic presence. He hated flattery ; and guarded himself with ait posi
agahist tiie least iasimatien of any thing of tliat nature, hew well «oei
served. He had admirable natural parts, and great acquired ones; foi
he read he made his own, and improved it He had such a happy genius
an admirable elocution, that his extempore preaching was beyond, not onl;
of otiier men's elaborate performances, but (I was going to say) even 1m
have been credibly informed, that in Westminster Abbey, a preack
ill after he had named his text, and proposed the heads of his intended
the bishop went up into the pulpit, took the same text, followed the sam
. t Printed at Rochester in 8vo. 1773. p. 176, 177.
OF ENGLAND. 17
seBses of bigotry; nor was he ever known to hate a man's person,
[>ecau8e he was no friend to his tenets. He, soon after the restora-
tkm, succeeded Dr. Tuckney, a nonconformist, in the mastership i66l.
of St. John's College, in Cambridge, and in the chair of regius pro-
fessor of divinity in that university. The ejected professor was sur-
prised to find a generous friend and benefactor in his successor,
who settled on him a handsome annuity for life. He and Dr. Pear-
BOn were the chief disputants against the Presbyterian divines, at
&e conference held at the Savoy, in the beginning of this reign.*
fiishop Burnet informs us, that ** he was a dark and perplexed
preacher,'' and that his sermons abounded with Greek and Hebrew,
an^ quotations from the fathers. He was nevertheless admired by
the court ladies : the king said, *' they admired his preaching, be-
cause they did not understand him."t Almost all his writings are
on subjects of controversy.} Ob. 6 July, 1684, jEt^ 71 . See more
of him in a discourse by Dr. Humfrey Gower, in two sermons
preached soon after his death.§
* See a particolar account of tilns conference in the '* Life of Baxter," folio.
t fie was handsome in his person, and gracefal in his manner. This alone would
aooonnt for bb being admired by the ladies, without that exercise, or rather play of
Ibe imagination, which is sometimes occasioned by an onintelligible discourse.
t See Wood.
$ Dr. John JSdwards, in the manuscript of his own Life, in the possession of the
^Rev, Mr. Beadon, of St. John's College, in Cambridge, says, " that he devoured
'plenty of authors, but digested none. Though he was at the pains to make long
«0UectioB8, yet he could not rajske use of them, not being able to reduce them into
Older, and bring them into any tolerable compass : whence it was, that whenever
ke came into the pulpit, he marred all with his intolerable length, and stretched his
mditors upon the rack." It should be observed hgre, that Edwards and he were
aot friends.
Mr. Baker, a man of more candour, in his manuscript *' History of St. John's
College," speaks thus of him : " He was not the most popular preacher, being too
.digressive and immethodical ; but what was wanting in his method was made up by
hk looks, the most graceful and venerable I ever saw. So that though his discourses
were generally long, yet to me they were never tedious ; and I could cheerfully-
f>llow him through all his rambles, having something in them extremely charming
and apostolical, either from the graceful^iess of his person, or the strength and an-
'Aority wherewith they were delivered^"]]
I See a good account of him in Masters's " History of C. C. C. C." p. 157, 158.
" One little story of him is yet remembered in his diocess of Ely, for which he
will perhaps be deemed a sophister. An enthusiast had been holding forth about
the coootry that the world wtJtild be at an end in a year's time. He had got a
vol.* V. D
18 BIOGRAPHICAL HISTORY
JOHANNES PEARSONUS, episcopus CeBtrieDi%|
&c. W. Sonman (Sunman) p. Van Hove sc. k. sh.
Johannes Pearson, JEt. 70. Elder sc. h. sh.
John Pearson, bishop of Chester, JSf. 70, 168SL
Loggan sc. h. sh.
There is a whole leogth of him by.Whood, disciple of Ridudt
son, in Trinity College-hall, in Cambridge.* It resembles ihebtti
by Loggan, wliich is the truest likeness of him.
Consec. This very learned and pious prelate was saccessively master of
9 Feb. Jesus and Trinity Colleges, in Cambridge, and also Margaret po*,]
fessor of divinity m that university. He enjoyed several other TOf
considerable preferments in this reign, which were as much Mfi
his ambition, as they were below his merit He viras emineiidjf
read in ecclesiastical history and antiquity, and was a most end
chronologist. He applied himself to every kind of learning that kl
thought essential to his profession ; and was in every kind a master.
His works are not numerous, but they are all excellent ; and sooe
of the least of them shew that he was one of the oompleteat dimei
of hrs age. The chief are, his <* Exposition of the Creed,** in Eng»
lish, and his " Vindication of St. Ignatius's Eplsfles,** in La&u
The former, which has gone through twelve or thirteen editioasi ii
one of the most finished pieces of theology in our laivguage. It ii
itself a body of divinity ^ but not a body without a ipirit. The stjb
of it is just; the periods are, for the most part, 'wdl turned;
the method is very exact ; and it is in general free firom those
errors which are too often found in theological systems.f He
4
* The assemblage of whole length portraits of truly great men, edncafeea in db
college* gives ks Jiali a aoble and venerable appearance.
t There u a tmnslation of this book into Latin by a lordgn ^vine, who stjki
himself " Simon Joannes Arnoldus, Ecdesiarum ballivia, nve pnefectnne
burgensis , Inspector.**
train after him, who neglected their business, and were every day improving in
madness. The bishop sent for him and some of his proselytes, but made no im-
pression by reason and argament; for the bottle was fall, and all that was pomed
on afterward ran over. He found that this leader had some estate, for which he
offered him two years* purchase. The man insisted upon twenty as the common
price, which wrought so upon his converts that the^^ all left him upoD it.** Nath*
SaUnon's '* Lives of £ng. Bishops/* p. 259.
L
loitx Feu,, Bis HOP o»oxfor]
167S Ob.ifi6U atfia
OF ENGLAND. 19
lufiDgf calii^ lost hit Dtmorf^ tka ]6tb of Jo^,
FELL, hah9p of Oxford; ntting; in M«
print with John Do&ck, bishop qf Rochest^, ttttd
Dr. Richard Alkstry. Bishop Dolben is in the mddkf
Xh. Atlestry is on his right hand, and Bishop Fell on
'a l^. Lfibf p. Loggan exc. large k. ah. mexx,
Pixtovh; of all three are at Chjist ChurcU. ThtrQ it oat of-
Qr. dlle^try in the pictnn gaUeiy at Oxford: this vag given bgr
Dr. Bathnrst : and there U anoflier in the prorost's lodge at Eton
CoHege.
John Pell, 8cc. Sr P. LUfyp. W. Richardson esc.
JoHK Fell; in the "Oxford Almanack," 1724;
mong the right hand group.
' Dr. John Fell, boruatLoi)gir0rth,inthecoiiatyofBerkB,Mshop Coiwee.
pf Oxford, and dean of ChriBt Chnirch, was one of the Inoit shining BFcb.
manents and mnnilicent bene&ctora to that college. HiH-excel- ^
knt goTernment, while he Was tt the head of it, raised his repu-
Wivn for diEcipIine to a higher [rftch than it ever ro;Be to in any
bnner period ; and it is well known that some of the most dlatia-
glUEhed persons that the kingdom itself ever produced, were tiained
If nnder his inspection. He may be traced as a benefactor through
Kveral parts of his diocesa ; and his mnnificeuce is seen in every
^Vt of hjs college. I'lie best rectones bdoQging to it were par-
limed by him, and he settled on it BO ksathan ten exhibitions. He
iir nuy years published annually some book, generally a classic
lidur, to which he wrote a [ff^ace and notes, and presented it to
■ftAiplients of his house at a new year's gift. S<une of his wri-
^HpK a proof of the d^th, otbets of the elegance, of hit leam-
■ There i> ft print of > dinne, in ■ canuDOD clerical b>bit,wfao>e name iiPeareon.
A> I know not wbcrc to pat it wiA propriety, I ibtill mention it in thii place. It
ii ■ If out. or aai^ Btb. vbA eagravad bj Vut Hon. Under tbe bead are ttiesa
linei:
Prndence and piety agree
Herein la make an harmoBj :
EogriTen wDuden work witk ajm ;
But Feanon pierceth nilh hi* prajcii.
20 BIOORAFHICAL HISTORY
ing;; and tlie books of which he was editor, particularly tlie voAi
of St Cyprian, an a cont^coong proof of his gi«at industiy. Be
and Dr. Alleitiy are luppoted to hare wiitten almost all th^^ts
attributed to the antfaor of the " Whole Duty of Man."* He bss.
in hii life of the learned and pious Dr. Hammond, shawa ho«
Attnte biogT^hera might do jottice to merit in writing luB own. .
Ob. 10 July, 1686, Mt 61.
THOMAS KENN was promoted to the bvlSpric
of &ith and Wells at the latter end of the re^ of
Charles II. He attended that prince on his dea^ei!,
and did his utmost to awaken bis conscience. KAop
Biimdt tells us, that he spoke on that occasioQ "^itli
great elevation of thought and expression, an^'^e a
man inspired." See the next reign. .
A SCOTCH PRELATE. f
JACOBUS SE[ARP, St'. Andrew archiepfefl"!!.
totiuB Scotis primas, &c- Lelj/ p. Da. Patlaf^h-
Vertue gc. 1710; large- h. sk. Over his keed-k th
crown of martyrdom.
7%M was afterward altered to Sir William DtaO!, ^
M. V. Gucht.
Jah£S Shabp, &c. prefixed to the " Account of his
Murder,^ 1679.
Jacobus Shaupus, &c. 1675. Loggan sc. k.xh.
Jakes Sqabp, archhishop of St. Andrev'si ^^
T. Dudley f. h.sh.
This prelate was, soon after the restoration, sent by the Scottii
PreBbyteriana to improve their interest with the king, who eaaUr
prevailed with him to abandon that party. He was presently jflK
ticepta t]io "Whole DdI;^
OF ENGLAND: 21
fened to the archbishopric of St. Andrew's, and intrusted with
laanagement of ecclesiastical affairs in Scotland. His dig^ty^
ich was of itself sufficiently odious, became much more so when
iferred on a man who was commonly esteemed the betrayer of
! reli^on of his country ; who was . the friend and coadjutor of
nderdale, and consequently a persecutor of those that differed
Q the established church. He was cruelly murdered by nine
s^sinsy within a mile of St. Andrew's, the 3d of May, 1679,
it he had sat in that see about seventeen years.
IRISH PRELATES.
MICHAEL BOYLE, archbishop of Armagh, and
d-chancellor of Ireland. See the next reign.
JEREMY TAYLOR, bishop of Down and Connor.
Wfiite sc. 8vo. Before his " Contemplations of the
lie of Man^^ 1684 ; Svo. There are two prints of
m standing on a pedestal, inscribed, " Mercurius
hristianus,'' 8fc. and another before his " Holy Dj/ing,'^
inting to a looking-glass, which exhibits a skeleton ; a
in, woman, and child are standing by. This is neatly
graved by hombart, and was done before he was made
bishop.
This excellent prelate was not only one of the greatest divines Consec.
at flourished in the seventeenth century, but was also one of the ^ J***-
iQpletest characters of his age. His person was uncommonly
autifal, his manners polite, his conversation sprightly and engag-
h and his voice harmonious. He united, in a high degree, the
^ers of invention, memory, and judgment; his learning was
'ious, almost universal; and his piety was as unaffected as it
s extraordinary. His practical, controversial, and casuistical
tings are, in their several kinds, excellent ; and, ^* answer all the
poses of a Christian.''* His Sermons appear to the least ad-
"Xbe ingeniooB Mr. William Thompson, late of Queen's College, in Oxford, who
^ good judge of divinity, as weU as poetry, used to call him " The Homer of
inca."
22 BIOGRAPHICAL HISTORY
ynmtSLge at present ; though they must be aUowed to be good fer te
time in which they were written.* A brilliancy of Imagkiatien 9f*
pears in all his writings ; but his *' D actor Dubitantium'^ is a sigii
proof of his judgment. f His works have been printed in four, anf
also in six, Tolumes in folio, besides several Tolumee of defotioiif
in octavo and duodecimo. His books otn ** Holy LiviD|^»'' nd
on ** Holy Dying," which are frequently bound together, and In
** Golden Orove/^ have passed through many edkioHs. CM. 13
Aug. 1667.
EDVARDUS WETENHALL, S. S. T. P. Corca-
giensis et Rossensis episcopus. J. Vandervaart p. rf/
large k. *A. mezz. R. Thompson exc.
Edward Wetenhall; mezz. J. Vandervaart jf,
J, Becket sc. Probably the same plate as the/orvier.
Edward Wetenhall, a native of Lichfield, was educated at Exeter
College, in Oxford. He was some time minister of Coombe, oetf
Woodstock, and successively a schoolmaster at Exeter and Dsb*
lin. He was preferred to the chsmtorship of Christ Churchyinthl
latter of these cities, which he enjoyed at the time of hi^ promolioA
to the see of Cork and Ross. In 1699, he was translated to ^
united sees of Kilmore and Ardagh. He was a man of leamingj
especially in divinity, and published a considerable number of I0-
mons, and other practical works, and some pieces of conlrciferiyi
of all which Mr. Wood has given us a catalogue. Ob, 1714. .
DIGNITARIES OF THE CHURCH, AND
INFERIOR CLERGYMEN.
JOHANNES TILLOTSON, &c. Lefy p. Bh^-
ling sc. large k. sk.
* See B})rch*s ** Ufe of Archbishop Tillotson/' p. 23, second edit
t It should be observed^ that the learaed and judicious Dr. Dodwell, in his
" Letter on the Maniage Act," p. 9%, speaks thus of him : " Dr. Taylor, In bis
▼olaminoas writings, said many lively things which will not b««r a strict et-
amination.'*
OF BNOLAND. 23
Johannes Tillotson, S. S. theologize professor, P*omot.
^m majestati a sacris, decanus Cantuariensis. R. iGn.
White ad vivum delin. et sc. Svo. The portraits of him,
in his episcopal t^haracter, belong to the reign of Wil-
liam III.
JOHANNES BARWICK, S, T. P. S. Pauli Lon-
dinensis decanus. G. Vertue sc. Before his " Life^^
in Latin J 1721; Svo.
John Barwick was bom in Westmoreland, and educated at Sed- Installed
berg school, in Yorkshire, where he gave many early prooft of an ^(^^^
uncommon capacity, and particularly distinguished himself by act-
ing the part of Hercules, in one of Seneca's tragedies. In the
^ghteentli year of his age he was sent to St. John's College, in
Cambridge, where he presently outshone all of his age and stand,
ing ; and was so remarkable for his abilities, that, when he was
little mof e than twenty, he was chosen by the members of his col-
lege to plead their cause ift a controverted election of a master,
'wlnch was heard before the privy council. In the time of the civil
war, lie was instrumental in sending the Cambridge plate to the
king ; published the '^ Querela Cantabrigiensis,"* in which he had
the (^ef hand; and wrote against the covenant. He afterward
retired to London, where he undertook to manage the king's c<Mr-
respondence between that city and Oxford; which he executed
with great dexterity and address. He also carried on a secret cor-
respondence with Charles, whilst he was at Carisbrook Castle, and
wa£^ on many other occasions, of singular service to him. He was
no less assiduous in serving Charles II. He was a man of extra-
ordinary sagacity, had a fertile invention, an enterprising genius,
stnd great courage and presence of mind. He was at length he-
stayed by one Bostock, belonging to the post-office ; and was long
confined in a dungeon in the Tower. He was then far gone in a
consumption ; but living upon gruel and vegetables, he, after some
time, recovered to a miracle. Upon his enlargement, he renewed
his correspondence with the king, and is said to have furnished
Lord Clarendon with a great part of the materials for his History.
He conveyed money to his majesty after Ihc execution of Hewit ;
* Printed widf the ^ Mercurios Bntticus.''
/
24 BIOGRAPHICAL HISTORY
and was so dexterous in all his conveyanceB, that he even ehiii
the vigilance of Thurloe. See more of Inm in his " Life," wrilleii
in Latin by bis brother : there are many curious noteA in the urn-
nymouB translation of it, by Mt. Hilkuli Bedford. Ob. S2 Od
1654.
RICHARDUS MEGGOT, S. T. P. decanus Win-
toniensis. Knelkr p. Loggansc. largeh.sk. /x
RrcHARDus Meggot, S. T. P. KneUer p. m^i
sc. large h. sh. This print was afterward copied
8to. by the same hand. It mat/ be placed in this or,
next reign.
□•tailed Ridiard Meggot, of Queen'a College, in Cambridge, was
J™- of St. Olave's, in Southwark, and vicar of Twickenham, in "
sex. In 1677, he succeeded Bruno Ryves, dean of 'Wii
his canonry belonging to that church ; and was, in about
after, made dean of Winchester. He was a preacher t^t
this reign, in which he published several occasbnal gennann'
of his discourses were printed together in 1699, octavo,
the 7th of Dec. 1692, and was buried in the chapel at
RADOLPHUSBATHURST,M.D. Eccl Cat%
Wellensis decanus, reg. ma/", a sacris, coll. Trin. j
et acad. Oxon. vice-cancellarius, 1676.
h.sh.
This is supposed to have been done from a portrait iii n
-drawn by Loggan, which he left his uater. The puntii^ il
nity Coll^;e-hall was done firom die print.
Ralfii Bathurst, Sec. copied by WdSter from M(/(
preceding. Il is -prefix^ to Mr. Warton's " Life' i
him, 176! ; 8t».
aitalled Dr, Bathurst, in the early part of bis life,^plied himself to the eOii
BJune, of divinityjinwhichhemadeaveryconsideiableprogreas. ButwlK
he saw that some churches were defaced or demolished, and o4i ^
converted into barracks and stables, and that a learned ministry* Z
held in the utmost contempt, he changed t!ie course of his stu<Si ^
OF ENGLAND.
25
nd appEed himself to physic. He took a doctor's de^ee in that
iculty, in which he rose to auch eminence, that he was, in the time
f the usurpation, appointed physician to the state. Upon the
MtoratioD, he quitted his profession of phyaici was elected a. fellow
m the Royal Society, and president of his college : and having
ptered into holy orders, he was made chaplain to the king, and
iletward dean of Wells. His learning and talents were various :
■cwas the orator and the poet, the philosopher and the divine.
le possessed an ineshaustihle fund of wit, and was the facetious
ompanion at eighty years of age. Ridicule was the weapon that
'' made use of to correct tlie delinquents of his college ; and he
Ets 80 absolute a master of it, that he had it always at hand.*
U poetical pieces in the " Musas Anglicanffi" are excellent in
' kind : they are much in the spirit of Ovid, who v/as his
nrite poet. His " Diatribce Thcologicce,'' in manuscript, which
at twenty-three years of age, are much commended hy
Warton, He died greatly lamented by all that knew his
h, and particularly by tlie society over which he presided, the
; of June, 1704, in the 84lh year of his age.
GEORGIUS STRADLING, S. T. P. dccanus Cices-
isis, prebetidar'ms Westmon. R. White sc. Before
' Sermon.^," published after his death, 1692; 8vo.
ieorge Stradling was educated at Jesus College, in Oxford, ImtBllei
(nee he was elected a fellow of All-Souls. He continued in the '"'*■
Fersity during the interregnum, and was then much esteemed
Dr. Wilson, the music professor, for his extraordinary skill on
lute. He was, upon the restoration, made chaplain to Dr. J
Jdon, bishop of London ; and, about two years after, preferred H
tprebend of Westminster. In 1671. he was installed chantor ^
*Mr. WarhiD lellt us that he to<
>« ihe fcholat! walking in the gr
■de use af Ibal illiberal weapon llie folloi
Sentlcman of ch«[ai:ler : A milch bm, *h
alid, who wu a member of it, happened U
'Self in one of the beli-ropes, made an nr
hip witb
Aire what wtu the meaning uf it, and was told thi
Dugbt," said he, with hia oBual quit
lie hours ;" but that he never
; anecdote of bim waa told me hy
was kept neat his college for an
belfty, and entangling
jangling. Dr. Batbunt ae
This was hun
whieb by every fepeici
by the a.,.
neis, " that it was an au or a gentleman
fiom Dr. Batburst ; bul it was thai kind
:a something of its original force.
J
26 BIOGRAPHICAL HISTORY
of Chichester, and the next year dean of that church. Tliere ha
short account of him before his '^ Sermons/' by James Harringloii
esq. who gives him the character of a man of learning and em-
plary life. Ob. 19 AprU, 1688. He lies buried in Westmiutai
Abbey.
R. LOVE, D. D. dean of Ely, master of C. C. C. C.
etched by Mr. Michael Tyson^ \to. The original is m
the master's lodge.
Richard Love, a native of Cambridge, was educated at Claie
Hall, of which he was some time fellow. In 1632, upon the death
of Dr. Butts, he was, by royal mandate, admitted master of Corpus
Christi College, in Cambridge, and, the next year, chosen vi(^
chancellor of the university. He greatly endeared himself to lliat
learned body, by the signal victory which he grained over Dafea-
port,* at the commencement; and afterward acquitted himself
with uncommon sufficiency in the course of his office, as Lady Ma^ .
garet's professor of divinity. He was a man of good natural, ai
well as acquired, abilities ; and no mean orator. His ** moderatioi
was known unto all men ;" as by his acquiescence in, rather than his
compliance with, the changes of the times, during the civil war and
the usurpation of Cromwell, he, with singular prudence, but with-
out prostituting his principles, not only maintained the mastership
of his college when the majority of the heads of houses were ejected,
but so recommended himself to Charles II. that he, soon after dis
tiled restoration, was promoted to the deanery of Ely. He pabUslMd^
I ' about tW same time, two Latin Orations; one, upon the king^
return, spoktsn at the commencement, in 1660; the other addressed
to his majesty in person, at Canterbury, when he, as tubstiiute fes
the vice-chancellor, weM to meet him on his way td London. He
enjoyed his preferment but a few months, as he deceased in Januaiy
the next year.f
JOANNES SPENCER, S. T. P. decanus EUensis,
* Hb assumed, or religions, name, by which he commonly ¥Fefit/
SancU Clara. He had lately pnblisbed a book, at Dooay, in which he al
to reconcile the articles of the church of England with the decrees of the-eotdcil
oflVeaU
t See a partieolar account of him in Masters's " History of C. C. C C."
OF ENGLAND. 27
t Collegii Corporis Christi apud Cantabrigiensis custos.
Vertue sc. 1727 ; h. sh.
Thig very learned author was, for his singular merit, elected Installed
oaster of Corpus Christi College, in Cambridge, in 1667 ; and was 1577*.^
ifterward preferred to the deanery of Ely. He published a " Dis-
course upon Prodigies," together with another concerning Prophe-
aes, Lond. 1665; 8vo. His " Dissertatio de Urim et Thummim,"
fcc« was printed at Cambridge, in 8vo. 1678. But his capital work
a his book '^ De Legibus Hebreeorum," the best edition of which
iFas published by Mr. Chappelow, in two volumes folio, 1727, to
■rhich is prefixed his head, engraved at the expense of the society
of Corpus Christi College. Ob. 27 May, 1695, Mt. 63.
GULIELMUS HOLDER, S. T. P. &c. Societatis
Regue Londini socim, 1683. D. Loggan ad vivum
del, h. sh.
William Holder ; in Hawkins's " History of
Music. ^^ C. Grignion.
Dr. William Holder was educated at Pembroke Hall, in the uni-
versity of Cambridge. About the year 1642, he was presented to
the rectory of Blechingdon, in Oxfordshire* After the restoration,
he became canon of Ely, capon-residentiary of St. Paul's, and sub-
dean of the chapel royal. He was a man of a truly philosophic
geniusy of which he has given abundant proof in his <' Elements of
Speech, an Essay of Enquiry into the natural Production of Let-
ters; with an Appendix concerning Persons that are deaf and
dumb/' His '' Treatise on the natural Grounds and Principles of
Hanaony/' is allowed to be as rational a discourse on that subject
as was ever published. He exactly knew the powers of the organs
of speech^ and composed a Natural Alphabet adapted to those
powers. This would be a much more eligible alphabet for the Chi-
nese, who have not yet adopted any, than that which is now in use.
1% was nuich coutroverted, whether the glory of first teaching deaf
and dumb persons to speak, and understand a language, was due to
him m Dr. Wallis. The true theory of Ae art appears to have been
publiEftied by the latter, in his book " De Loquela/' which came
forth about six years before Mr. Pophsun was taught ]to speak by
28 BIOGRAPHICAL HISTORY
Dr. Holder.* Peter de Cestro, physician to the Duke of Mantua,
is said to have been the first that hit upon this discoverj.f Ok,
24. Jan. 1697. He lies buried with his wife, who was only sisto
to Sir Christopher Wren, in the vault under St. Paul's cadiedxaL
See more of him in " Athen. Oxon." II. col. 139.
JOHANNES CONANT, S. T. P. black cap.^c. 8w.
Dr. John Conant was, in the time of the interregnum, rectmr cf
Exeter College, in Oxford ; where he maintained a strict disci[^
and caused that society to flourish more than any other in the nm-
versity. In 1654, he was appointed king's professor of divinity, it
the room of Dr. Sanderson; but was obliged to resign the chair t|
him upon the restoration. In 1662, he was ejected from his rectorf
of Exeter College for nonconformity ; but afterward conformingi
he became vicar of All- Saints, at Northampton, and was by Bisbop
Reynolds, whose daughter he had formerly married, made ardi-
deacon of Norwich. He was a few years after preferred to a pnr
bend of Worcester. He was a man of a modest and amiable dis-
racter ; of exemplary piety ; and was, in other respects, well qoi-
lified for the preferments which he enjoyed. He particularly ei-
celled as a preacher. Several volumes of his Sermons were published
by Bishop Williams. Ob. March, 1693.
THOMAS HYDE, archdeacon of Glocester ; a bust.
Cipriani del. F. Perry sc. Before the collection of to
works published by Dr. Gregory Sharpe, Oa^on. 1767.
Doctor Thomas Hyde is a great character, but is much less
known than he deserves to be, because the studies in which he was |
occupied are but little cultivated. Those that are acquainted widi
the oriental languages are astonished at the progress which wts
made in them by one man, though aided by the powers of genios,
supported and strengthened by incessant industry. Before he was
eighteen years of age, he was sent from Cambridge to London bj
• Vide <« Athen. Oxon/' ii. col. 139, and Wallis's " Memoirs and Bflraoa^"
8vo. 1791.
t See Ihe " Uniyenal Magazine*' for Jan. 1762, p. 15, et seq^— It is obvioti to
observe here, that the first rudiments of a newly-discovered art are geoerallj w in-
perfect, that the improyer of it not only receires hb own share of houour, bat even
that which wy due to the first inventor.
OF ENGLAND. 29
/
^ ^ cekbrated Abraham Wheelock, to assist Mr. Brian Walton in
W tte great work of the Polyglot Bible ; and, about that period, nn*
E dertook to transcribe the Persian Pentateuch out of tiie Hebrew
c&aracters, which Archbishop Usher, who well knew the difficulty
of the undertaking, pronounced to be an impossible task to a native
Persian. After he had happily succeeded in this, he assisted in
correcting several parts of Mr. Walton's work, for which he was
perfectly qualified. Of all his learned writings, the very catalogue
of which is a singular curiosity,* his ^* Religio veterum Persarum'*
18 the most celebrated. This will ever be a valuable book. Dr.
Gregory Sharpe, the learned and ingenious master of the Temple,
has collected several of his pieces, formerly printed, and repub-
bhed them, with some additional Dissertations and his Life pre-
fixed, in two elegant volumes in quarto. Dr. Hyde was archdeacon
of Gloucester, canon of Christ Church, head keeper of the Bodleian
library, and professor both of Hebrew and Arabic in the university
of Oxford. He was interpreter and secretary of the oriental lan-
goages during the reigns of Charles II. James II. and William III.
He was perfectly qualified to fill this post, as he could converse in
the languages which he understood. There never was an English-
inan, in his situation of life, who made so great a progress in the
Chinese. Bochart, Pococke, and Hyde, are allowed to have been
the greatest orientalists that any nation ever produced. Ob, Feb.
18, 1702. I am informed by a good hand^f that his mind had been
60 much engrossed by his beloved studies, that he was but ill qua-
lified to appear to any advantage in common conversation.
EDVARDUS LAKE, S. T. P. M. Vander Gucht
sc. Svo.
Edward Lake, &c. G. Vander Gucht sc. Before
his " Officium Etcchdristicum,'' \2mo. copied from the
former. — It is uncertain when the picture was done
from which his head was engraved,
Edward Lake, who had been a member of both universities, but
took his degrees at Cambridge, was chaplain to James, duke of
York; and as we leain from the inscription on his monument, he
* See h in the " Athen. Oxon." or the ** Biographia/'
t The Reverend Mr. Merrick, of Reading, wbose^father knew hun Hell.
30
BIOGRAPHICAL HISTORY
was also tutor and chaplain to his two daughters, Mary and Aodc^
who aflerward sat upon the throne of Great Britain. Mr. Wooi
informs us, that he was prebendary and archdeacon of Exeter, mi
rector of the united parishes of St. Mary Hill and St. Andre^r Vbih
hardy in London. He was a man of uncommon piety and dianl]^
and a celebrated preacher. He died the ist of Febroary, I70H
and lies buried in the collegiate church of St. Catharine^ near lh|i
Tower, where a monument is erected to his memory, Le Nen^
by mistake, says that he was buried in the church of St Mflf
Hill.*
MARCUS FRANCK, S. T. P. &c. W. Dolk it
small h. sh.
Mark Franck, master of Pembroke Hall, Canibridge, and aidh
deacon of St. Alban's, was author of fifty sermons, published ii
folio, 1672, with his print prefixed. His character and pre{B^
ments, except his rectory of Barley, in Hertfordshire, to which k
was admitted on the 2d of February, 1663, are mentioned in
following inscription, which was formerly on his monument,
the entrance of the north door of St. Paul's, but perished soon afU(|
its erection, together with the churchy in the conflagration
the city.
Hoc marmore tumulatur,
Doctrina, pietas, charitas,
Quippe monumentum illius Marci Franck,
S. T. D.
Archiepiscopo Cantuarensi a sacris,
Sancti Albani archidiaconi ; hujus ecclesise thesaurarii
et prebendarii,
Cujus
Virtutem, humilitatem, eloquentiam,
in singulis sagacitatem,
Dictis metiri non liceat ; dicat posteritas*
Obiit $ ®^^^ ^^^^^ ^^«
I salutis MDCLXIV.
ISAAC CASAUBON. Vatider Werff. P. v. Gmsl.
Prejfised to his and his son's " Efistolce^ fol.
* See Le Neyc's " Fasti," p. 93.
OF ENGLAND. 31
Isaac CasauboDy born at Greneva 1559, was invited by James I.
.to England upon the death of Henry IV. of France. James , justly
iteemihg him as a man of the first rank in the learned world,
Made him his librarian, and afterward promoted him to a prebend
F Canterbury, and likewise granted him a pension of 300/. per
wram. He died the Ist of July, 1614, in the 55th year of hii
fgt; and was buried in Westminster Abbey; where a tomb was
9tecled to his memory, by Thomas Morton, bishop of Durham.*
MERICUS CASAUBONUS. Is. F. (Isaaci Filius)
im Vr. Werff p. Van Gunst sc. h. sh. In the large
dume of his father's and his own works ; Roterodaint^
.709.t
Meric Casaubon. R, Schothii ; 8vo.
Meric, the learned son of the most learned Isaac Casaubon, was
JDm at Geneva in 1599, and brought into England by his father
Wen he was about eleven years of age. He received his educa-
imn at Christ Church, in Oxford, under Dr. Edward k Meetkirk,
lie king's Hebrew professor. Whilst he was a student of that
L^use, he acquired a great reputation at home and abroad for a
' Vindication of his Father against an Impostor of the Church of
^me," who published under his name a book on the origin of
Solatry. He also published, by command of King James, another
^dication of him against the Puritans of that age. These two
nieces, which are in Latin, were the foundation of his fame. He
intended to pursue his father's great work against Baronius*s
* Annals," but was prevented by the distractions of the civil war,
^liich interrupted the course of his studies. Cromwell made him
^rge offers on condition of his writing the history of that turbulent
ilieriod, which he thought proper to decline. He also declined the
(Advantageous overtures made him by Christina, queen of Sweden,
tto, with a view to the advancement of learning, was desirous of
w8 settling in that country. He was successively rector of Bledon,
Somersetshire, and Ickham, in Kent, and is entitled to a place
1
' * See his epitapb, composed *by Dr. Thomas Groad« rector of Hadley, in SoSfoIk,
tdie " Aotiqiiities of Weitminster Abbey."— See^ Barwick's ** Life of Bisbajp
fton," p. 73.
t See Batteleys " Oaat. Saora»" p. 127, See also Wood.
32 BIOGRAPHICAL HISTORY
among the dignitaries of our church as a prebendary of Cantei
His works in divinity and philology, particularly his ** Not
Classic Authors/' bear a sufficient testimony to his. learning
abilities ; but the honour of the latter is believed to be in some
sure owing to his father, as it is more than probable that he av
himself of his papers. What he has written concerning appari
and spirits, and particularly his account of Dee and Kelly, deB
the notice of the curious reader, who may see a detail of his i
in the ** Athenee Oxonienses." He died in July, 1671.
BENJAMIN CALAMY, S. T. P. Drapentier
h. sh. There is a large half -sheet 'print of Cak
with the name of Henry Finch, dean of York, affixt
Benjamin Calamy^ D. D. I. V. P. E. D. C
et exc. 4to, mezz.
Benjamin Calamy, S. T. P. M. Vanderg
sc. Svo. Before his volume of " Sermons.'^
istalled Benjamin Calamy, chaplain in ordinary to the king, and pT<
m ^^' ^^^ ^^ ^^' Paul's, was son of the famous Edmund Calamy
merly mentioned, by a second wife. In 1677, he succeeded
Simon Ford as minister of St. Mary Aldermanbury, in Londo
which church his father was formeriy minister. In 1683, h€
preferred to the vicarage of St. Laurence Jewry, with St. '
Magdalen, Milk-street, annexed. Though he was of a noi
forming family, he was a true son of the church of England
one of her most distinguished ornaments. He was courteous
affable in his behaviour, exemplary in his life, and one of tb€
preachers and writers of his time. He has left us but few sem
but these few are an abundant proof that he possessed that stre
and clearness of head, as well as goodness and sensibility ofl
which are essential to the character of a Christian orator,
died, to the regret of all that knew him, in January, 1686.
EDWARD POCOCKE, D. D. &c. W. Green
F. Morellon la Cave sc. h. sh. — Engraved from
portrait in the picture gallery at Oxford.
OF ENGLAND. 33
Edward Pococke, &c. in the ^^ Oaf ord Almanack,''
.749, 1758.
Dr. Edward Pococke, canon of Christ Church, in Oxford, and Restored
ector of Childrey, in Berkshire, in the reigns of Charles I. and 11. gj? j*°y°
ras the greatest orientalist of his age. Reacquired an early repu- 1^60.
atioii at home and abroad, by publishing the four epistles which
iere wanting to a complete edition of the New Testament in the
lyriac language.* He made two voyages into the East, where he
tttained to a perfect knowledge of the Arabic tongue, which he
8j)oke with fluency and propriety. He collected a considerable
dumber of coins and manuscripts for Archbishop Laud, and re-
sumed to England from his second voyage in 1 640,
Spoiiis Orientis onustirs.
He was the first that read the Arabic lecture founded by his patron
Jbe archbishop :t he was also professor of Hebrew : and discharged
lie duties of both these employments with great punctuality and
tnfficiency. He was ejected from his canonry of Christ Church for
pot taking the Engagement ; and was succeeded by Peter French,
Kodier-in-law to Cromwell. He was very near being ejected from
Us living of Childrey for " ignorance and insufficiency ;'* but Dr.
K)ven, the learned independent, interested himself in his behalf,
|id prevented his ejectment He translated several books out of
|he Arabic, and Gratius '< Of the Truth of the Christian Religion,"
Mo that language. He was not only a master of Hebrew, Arabic,
r, Greek, and Latin, but was also well acquainted with the
dc, Samaril;an, ^thiopic, Coptic, and Turkish languages : he
iistood the Itahan, and was not ignorant of the Spanish. 06.
Sept. 1^91, jEL 87. His Commentaries on Micah, Malachi,
I, and Joel, together with his •* Porta Mosis," were published
twoTolumes folio, in 1740, by Mr. Leonard Twells, with the
and life of the author prefixed.]:
*^ Ikese epbttes were the second of Peter, the second and &ird of John, and that
^ade.
f When PocQcfce was in the East, the mufti of Aleppo laid bis hand upon his
^, and said* " This joong man speaks and understands Arabic as well as the
ifU of Aleppo."
t Samuel Clarke, a nadve of Bmckl^y, in Northamptonshire, and some time of
UtQti CoUege^ in Oxford, was contemporary with Pococke, and in Ibe next «mt-
nee feo liiai jfor oijLenlal lioanuuig. He was the first architypographus of tha nn^
•sitj, lo "wfaklh was aoBfixad the ^ce.of superior beadle of law. Re held both
VOJL. V. V
34 BIOGRAPHICAL HISTORY
RICHARDUS ALLESTRY, S. S. T. professbr'reg.
Oxon. sedis Christi canonicus, coll. JEtonensis praepO'
situs reg. majestati a sacris. Loggan ad vivum deh*
h. sh.
Richard Allestry, D. D. in the same prid
with his two friends , Bishop Dolben and Bishop Idk
The original picture was painted by Lely.
It is remarkable that this worthy triumvirate bore arms for
Charles I. in the civil war.
Doctor Allestry was educated in the grammar-school at Cotcik
try, under Dr. Philemon Holland the translator ^ and afterward at
Christ Church, in Oxford, under Mr. Richard Busby, who wtt
then an eminent tutor. His parts, which were very extraordinaiy,
were improved by a no less extraordinary industry. He had beca
seen, when he bore arms for Charles I. to carry his musket in'one ,
hand, and his book in the other. He was very active in the s^rVfce j
of Charles II. before his restoration ; and was employed nioredii
once by the royalists in transacting business with that prince doni|
his exile. In 1660, he was made a canon of Christ Church, atf
chaplain in ordinary to the king ; and was, soon after, appointoi
regius professor of divinity. He sat in the chair seventeen yes^i.
.and acc[uitted himself in it with honour. In 1665, he wais appdli**:
ed provost of Eton College, where he raised the school, which'to
found in a low condition, to an uncommon pitch of reputation*
.The west side of the outward quadrangle of that college wasliink
from the ground at his expense. The excellent Dr. Hamtniondy
who was his intimate friend, left him his valuable library, wbiclrli
bequeathed himself to his successors in the divinity cliair. Hii
eagerness for study, and his intention of mind while he was' emr
ployed in it, was so great, that it impaired his constitution, asl
hastened his death. He died Jan. 27, 1680-1. Forty of hissa^
mons, to which his head is prefixed, were published by Bishop Fcl
His Life, before his Sermons, contain some particulars well worth
the reader's notice.
these employments upwards of ten years, and was possessed of them' tili the time €■
his death, which happened on the 27th of December, 1669. His portnit hm^
gallery at Oxford. See particulars in " Athen. Oxon.'* rol. il. cd. 456, &c*
OF ENGLAND. 36
ROBERT SOUTH, canon of Christ Church, was installed
1 eminent preacher at court, and the scourge of fa- ^^^q^^^'
atticism, in this reign. Some of his contemporaries
Duld not even read his sermons with a safe conscience ;
s elegance of style in divinity was, in their estima-
iOn, scarce s, venial crime; but wit was a mortal sin.
tis portrait belongs to the reign of William III. —
►ee Noble's Continuation.
DR. BRUNO RYVES ; an etching. C. Towneley
hcit; Svo.
Dr. Bruno Ryves ; small oval, mezz. Woodburn
TC. 8vo.
Dr. Bruno Ryves was yicar of the parish of Stanwell, in the
ounty of Middlesex, and rector of St. Martin's in the Vintry-
^dy London. He was a noted and florid preacher, and being-,
haplain to King Charles I. suffered with his royal master, was
ftquestered from his vicarage and parsonage, and forced to fly in
rder to saye^ his life. He attended King Charles H. in his exile,
ad was by him made dean of Chichester, and master of the hos-
Ital there, but had no profit of either till the restoration: when
leing sworn chaplain in ordinary to the king, he was preferred to the
leanery of Windsor, and to the rectories of Actoti, in Middlesex,
ind Hasely, in Oxfordshire, and was appointed scribe of the most
K)ble order of the Garter. Dr. Ryves was author of several works,
Particularly " Mercurius Rusticus, or the Country's Complaint,"
md *' Querela Cantabrigiensis," giving an account of the suffer-
ings of the clergy in that university ; and the *' Micro Chronicon,
X a Brief Chronology of the Battles and Sieges in which his Majesty
King Charles I. was engaged, from the beginning of the Civil Wars
lo March 25, 1647." Some sermons were published by him, upon
1 Tim. vi. 10. 2 Tim. iv. 7, and one preached before the House of
Commons, in 1660. -He. died at Windsor, July 13, 1677, and lies
liuried m the isle, on the south side of St. George's chapel there ;
ttid over his grave, on a marble table fixed in the wall, is a large in-
scription in Latin to his memory, portraying his merits, sufferings,
«ad preferments.
36 BIOGRAPHICAL HISTORY
EZEKIAS BURTON, S. T. V. canonicus Noi
cehsis. M. Beak p. R, White sc. Before his " l
mons,'^ 1684 ; 8vo.
Hezekiah Burton, fellow of Magdalen College, in Cambri
tLnd an eminent tutor there, was, for his singular merit, made c
lain to the lord-keeper Bridgeman in 1667, and the 9ame year
sented by him to a prebend of Norwich* In the beginning oi
year 1 668, a treaty was proposed by the lord-keeper, for a con
hension of some of the dissenters, and a toleration of others.
Tillotson, Dr. Stillingfleet, Dr. Burton, and the lord chi^f-l:
Hale, were very desirous of an accommodation ; and Feady 1
every thing to promote it, if it could be done without betrayin
interests of the church. But this scheme met with such pom
opposition, that the debates upon the terms of union were pres
concluded. Dr. Burton, who was a man of great prudence, n
ration, and sweetness of temper, was snatched from the world
he was capable of doing most good in it ; and when his ince
labours and exemplary piety promised a great deal. His £
Dr. Tillotsoh, who well knew the worth of the man and the
of his writings, published two volumes of his discourses^* 1
though never intended for th^ public, and consequently not sc
feet as if he had put his last hand to them, give us a high ic
the piety, and no mean one of the abilities of the author.
1681. See more of him in the preface to the first volume
" Discourses," and in Birch's *' Life of Dr. Tillotson."
THOMAS FULLER, S, T. D. M. 53, 1661.
Loggan sc. Over his head is this motto^ " Meth
Mater Memorice ;' underneath are these verses:
" The graver here hath well thy face designed,
But no hand Fuller can express thy mind ;
For that a resurrection gives to those
Whom silent monuments did long enclose.^
B^ore his " History of the Worthies of Englt
1662 ; fol.
• The only thing that he ever published himself was the Frcflnce to Dr. C
Itod's book oi the *' Laws of Nature."
OF ENGLAND. 37
tarn mformed that the best impressions are before his^^ Pisgah
Sight''
He is placed here as a prebendary of the cathedral chnrch of Collated
Salisbury. See the reign of Charles I. {"^l^^'
JOS. GLANVILL, &c. gui vehiculum mutavit gttarto
dk Novemb. 1680.* W. Faithorne sc. Before his
"Discourses, Sermons ,'' Sgc. 1681; 4to.
It appears from the inscription on his monument that he was a
prebendary of Worcester.
Joseph Glanvill, rector of Bath, chaplain to Charles II. and
F. R. S. was a man of good natural and acquired abilities, and of
considerable eminence as a divine and philosopher. He was author
of ** Essays on several important Subjects, in Philosophy and Reli-
gion ;" " An Essay concerning Preaching," &c. &c. He has, in his
" Plus Ultra," which is the scarcest and most estimable of his works,
pointed out the discoveries in the new world of science, by the
fight of reason and experiment. In his *' Saducismus Triumpha-
tus," he has endeavoured to discover the secret transactions of the
kingdom of darkness ; and has brought variety of arguments, and
a large collection of relations, to prove the real existence of witches
Mid apparitions. t He wrote in defence of the Royal Society, and
the new philosophy, against Dr. Henry Stubbe, a man of parts and
learning, but positive, arrogant, and dogmatical; and extremely
averse from the belief of any truths, but such as were familiar to
himself.
JOHANNES LIGHTFOOT, S. T. P. &c. R. White
sc, k. sh.
John Lightfoot, who was educated at Christ's College, in Cam-
bridge, was first engaged in the study of rabbinical learning, by
the persuasion and example of Sir Rowland Cotton, who greatly
*The date of his death on this priot, which agrees with that on hb roonoment in
tke abbey-church of Bath, serTcs to rectify a mistake of Mr. Wood, who informs
OS that be died on the 4th of October.
t BvawBont, in his " Treatise of Spirits, Apparitions, Witchcraft,*' &c. has
written on the same side with Glanvill. The relider may see a collection of argu-
■ntt md relations on the other side of the question, iri Scot's '* Discovery of
Witchciaft," and Webster's " Display of supposed Witchcraft."
38 BIOGRAPHICAL HISTORY
assisted bim in the Hebrew. He was, by this ^ntleman, to wi
he dedicated the first fruits of his studies, presented to the red
of Ashley, in Staffordshire. Here he applied himself for tw<
years to searching the Scriptures ; and the world was soon a
informed that his researches were to some purpose, by the be
that he published, which are so many proofs of his industry, lei
ing, and judgment. He was afterward chosen minister of St« ]
tholomew's, behind the Exchange, and a member of the asseii
of divines which sat at Westminster; and was preferred by
parliament visitors to the mastership of Catharine Hall, in C
bridge. He offered to resign his mastership at the restoration,'
it was not accepted; and he had soon afler a Gonfirmatioi
that and his benefice from the king. The lord-keeper Bridgeii
who professed a great esteem for him, presented hina to a prel
stalled in the church of Ely.* His ** Horse Hebraic®" is esteemed
:^*^' most valuable work. His style is not good : it is probable tha
paid but little attention to it. His greatest excellence was critic
His works, which rendered his name famous throughout Eur
are in three volumes folio,t besides his " Remains." Ob^ D^
16754
• " Biographia," p. 2935.
t The edition here meant is that published by J . Leusden at Utrecht, 1699:.
X He was sacceeded in the mastership of Catharine Hall by Dr. John Eac
aothor of a noted piece of drollery entitled, " The Grounds and Occasions o
Contempt of the Clergy and Religion inquired into, in a Letter written to S
This pamphlet, which was published without the author^s name, made a great
in the world, and was soon answered by several clergymen. The " Letter .to]
and the Dialogue betwixt " Pbilautus and Timothy," on Hobbes's *' State oi
ture,'' are the most considerable of this author's works, which have been evic
studied by Dr. Swift.$ It hath been said of him, that he bad no. talent. atj
serious subjects.
The celebrated Mr. Baker, of St. John's College, in Cambridge, in a blan
of his copy of Dr« Eacliard's " Letter on the Contempt of the Clergy/' ob»
that he went to St. Mary's with great expectation to hear him preach, but was.
more disappointed. It has been said, that he took the instances of absorclit;
nonsense in this letter, from his father's sermons. Echard the historian tell
that he was too nearly related to him to give him his just character without
cion of partiality.
$ His works have been lately reprinted, with an additional pamphlet, by Ti
Davies, in Russell -street, Covent-garden.
- II P. 922, edit. 1720. It is observable that Laurence Echard differed from
in the spelling of his liame.
OF ENGLAND. 39
EDMUNDUS CASTELLUS, S. T. P. ecclesiae
Christi Cantuariensis, canonicus,* &c. ^t. 63, Anno
1669; Fait home p. et sc, large h. sh.
Dr. Edmund Castle, who had been many years a member of Installed
Emmanuel College, in Cambridge, was, in his advanced age, ad- |^^i^g^g
mitted into St. John's in that university. In 1666, he was chosen Qasre.
Arabic professor; to which preferment he was entitled by his
merit as an orientalist. He had several years before, given very
eminent proofs of his abilities in the laborious work of the Polyglot,
which he revised and corrected. A great part of his life was spent
in compiling his " Lexicon Heptaglotton," on which he bestowed
incredible pains and expense, even to the breaking of his constitu-
tion, and exhausting his fortune.f At length, when it was printed,
the copies remained unsold upon his hands. He died in 1685,
and lies buried in the church of Higham Gobyon, in Bedfordshire,
of.which parish he was rector. It appears from the inscription on
his monument, which he erected in his lifetime, that he was chap-
lain to Charles II. He bequeathed all his oriental manuscripts to
the university library at Cambridge, ;on condition that his name
should be written on every copy in the collection. See more of
him at the end of " Thomas de Elmham," published by Hearne,
p. 356, 427, and in ** Lelandi Collectanea," by the same editor,
vol. vi. p. 80 ; also in Dr. Pococke's " Life," fol. p. 50, notes,
and p. 66,
See an account of Dr. Ralph Cudworth, and Dr. Jos. Beaumont,
lower down in this class : the former was prebendary of Glocester,
Ae latter of Ely.
PETRUS HEYLIN, S. T. P. ecclesise coUegiatae
Sancti Petri Westmonasteriensis canonicus, Martyri
tt super stiti Carolis, patri ac jilio^ MagncB BritannicB,
^c. monarchisy dum viveret, a sacris. Before his ** His-
torical and Miscellaneous Tracts,'' 1681 ; fol.
Peter Heylin was educated at Magdalen College, in Oxford, Installed
where he applied himself early to the study of cosmography, and Jf^^g**"
1631. '
• It appears from Le Neve's " Fasti/* that Dr. Caatle was prebendary) f the *
cig^ stall in the cathedral church of Canterbury.
^ He expended no less than 12,000^ upon that work^
40 BIOGRAPHICArL HISTORY
read a coarse of lectures in that science, from which he in
measure composed his '* Microcosm, or little Descriptioi
great World ;" which was twice printed in small quarto in t
of James I. This book, which was afterward enlarged,
foundation of his fame as an author, and the work to whid
his last hand, when his eyes failed him. It has been often if
and has more merit than any of his compilations. His '*
of St. George," recommended him to Charles I. who, soon,
presented it to him, preferred him to a prebend of West
and to the rectory of Houghton in the bishopric of ITailMi
was ejected from his prebend and other preferments in tht
the civil war. He, like James Howel, supported himsd
pen ; and he appears, by the number and bulk of his booki^
kept pace at least with that author in writing. He even 0(
to publish when he could no longer see to write ; and reli
amanuensis to the time of his death. He was much in far)
Archbishop Laud, and distinguished himself in the controv
tween that prelate and Archbishop Williams, concerning thi
of the altar* It appears, from the inscription on his moiv
Westminster Abbey, that he was sub-dean to that churd
was the highest preferment he enjoyed, though he stro
pected a bishopric. His knowledge in history and divi
extensive ; but he wrote with more ease than elegance ; an*
mory, which was very extraordinary, was better than his j
He is not free from the leaven and acrimony of party- pi
The generality of his writings are in no great esteem at
but his ** Help to History,'* which is a work of great u
serves particular commendation.f Some of the b^t of ]
"* Dr. Glocester RidleY, in lus*'SecciDd Letter to the Author of the Cc
p. tT% vpcwks thtts of hoB : '* Doobdess he was bmased and wurm t
which, BoUrithsluidiiig the dieadfiil pcovocatioos that he and his pai^
was TCty blamable; bat I know not that he misrepresented things
and wiHbHT.'*
t His ** Hitttom QaiB^aarticalaris'' is ainong tiieae tracts. It relates
qnartictilar controversj, which was wannlj agitated in this and the pcec
It tamed apon te Sne points* which were the grand snbjcct of debate
Gil«ittia%i and the Ara^oiians; nainelj, the eternal decrees; freewiU
centcfMon ; the extent of Chiisfs redeaptioa and aniTcisal grace; an
oTlhasakils. T iahntch's ** Theologm Chrtsthna.* fbanded «
U ufed translaled into alnost evcij fauigBage of Europe,
s p«tling an cad to *is cortrofeisT, Denn Swifk*s j
He^Bn-^ " Hirt. of the ftcAbjttiiM>'' ■ jt p JJiAf il. ■ a mdt p«
•ft ApyndiT In his Wocha^
OF ENGLAND. 41
are la the ooUection of historical and miscellaneous tracts above-
mentioned. Ob. 8 May, 1662.*
GULIELMUS OUTRAMUS, S. T. P. ecclesi» S*».
Petri apud Westmonasterienses canonicus (preben-
darius). iJ. White sc. Svo. Before his " Twenty Ser-
numSy published from the Author's own Copies^ by the
Rev. Dr. James Gardiner ^ now Lord Bishop ofLincoln^^
1697 J %vo.
. . Dr. Owtram was a man of great industry, charity, and piety, and Installed
^la excellent preacher. Mr. Baxter speaks of him as one of the ^^i*^^*
liest and ablest of the conformists.f Indeed such was his modera-
tion, that men of all persuasions spoke well of him. Dr. Gardiner
fells us, that he never could be prevailed with, either by the entreaty
tf his friends or the authority of his superiors, to publish any of his
«rmons. The five printed under his name are not genuine. He
fas famous for his knowledge in almost all kinds of science, parti-
tularly in rabbinical learning ; of which he has given eminent proof
a his book '* De Sacrificiis," &c. Ob. 23 Aug. 1679, ^t. 64.
le lies buried in Westminster Abbey.
THO. BARLOW, S. S. Theol. Dr. col. reg. prse-
positus, et pro D. Margareta S. S. theol. professor
mb/icus, Oa^on. 1672. Z). Loggan ad vivum so. h. sh.
See an account of him among the bishops in the next reign.
, TIMOTHY HALTON succeeded Dr. Barlow in the len.
nrovostship of Queen's College, in Oxford. His por-
rait belongs to the reign of William HI. — See Noble's
!]l(mtinuation.
ISAACUS BARROW, S. T. P. reg. Ma^. a sacris,
)U. S. S. Trini. Cantab, praefec. nee non acad. ejusdem
I* See Wood.— The Epitaph op. Dr. Heylin, which b a good composition^ was
lilleD by Dr. John Earle, then dean of Westminster.l
it"life,"partiii. p. 19.
- ' -
% Vide " Hist, et Antiq. UniT. Oxon," lib. ii. «05.
VdL. V. G
42 BIOGRAPHICAL HISTORY
procanc. 1676. Loggan delin. Before hii EhgM
works yfol. This print has been copied in small 9lw.1§
the same engraver y and also by M. Vander Guckt^ (od
Lud. Du. Guernier*
The name of Dr. Barrow will ever be illustrious for a straigtk
of mind and a compass of knowledge that did honour to his ocmn*
try. He was unrivalled in mathematical learning, and espedallf
in the sublime geometry; in which he has been excelled only if
one man, and that man was his pupil .f The san^e genius U
seemed to be born only to bring hidden truths to light, to riietD
the heights, or descend to the depths of science, could sometimcil
amuse itself in the flowery paths of poetry.J He at length gpvii
himself up entirely to divinity ; and particularly to the most useU
part of it, that which ha9 a tendency to make men wiser and betteri
He has, in his excellent sermons on the Creed, solved every difr
culty, and removed every obstacle that opposed itsetf to our faiAi
and made divine revelation as clear as ^e demonstrations in ha
own " Euclid." He was famous for the length § as well as the
excellence of his sermons. He knew not how to leave off- writmg
till he had exhausted his subject; and if his life had been prplongod
to seventy years, he might perhaps have gone as far towaidi
exhausting science itself as ever man did.|| This excellent persooi
* Dr. Barrow would never consent to ha^e his picture drawn ; but IMCrs. Blaij
Beale drew it by stealth, whilst some of his friends held him in dbcoarse. Hus
portrait was in the collection of James West, esqi See Abraham Hill's " Life oC
Dr. Barrow," prefixed to his works, four pages from the end. The biograp]ier,.who
was the doctor's intimate friend, says, that " his picture was never made from the
life." Hence 1 took the liberty to omit " ad vitmm" after ** Loggan,** in die first
edition of this work. It is however possible, that the engraver might alao haw
stolen his likeness.
t Sir Isaac Newton.
X He composed verses both in Ghreek and Latin.
§ He was three houcs and a half in preaching his admirable sermon on '* The Dotj
and Reward of Bounty to the I^oor." It roust be acknowledged that tiiis disooime
was too long for the pulpit : Dr.. Barrow did not consider that the very oppoi^
•tunities of doing good -might be lost whilst we are attemding to the roles of it The
Jife of nan is too short for such long sermons.
II The reader will be delighted with his copious and exact description of wit, in tiie
sermon upon " Foolish Talking and Jesting." This alone is a snffipient specimoi
of his marvellous talent for exhausting the subject. ; Such were his richness of
thought and copiousness of expression,' upon the common business of life, that no
two of the letters that he wrote to solicit contribations for Trinity College libnrj
are alike. — These letters are deposited in the library.
OF ENGLAND. ; 48
irho was^a bright example of Christian virtue, as well as a prodigy
itf learning, died the 4$h of. May, 1677, in the 47th year of his age.
His English and Latin works are in four volumes folio.
- R. CUDWORTH, D. D Loggan del. 1684. G.
Tkrtue sc. 8w.
: -;Dr. Ralph Cudworth, who held the same rank in metaphysics
lyit Dr» Barrow did.jn sublime geometry, was, in the former
>frt of his life, a very eminent tutor at Emmanuel College, in
Cambridge, where he entered at thirteen years of age. He had no
Ettis than twenty-eight pupils at one time under his care, among
jriioin was Mr. William Temple.* He was afterward appointed 1645
i|3Ster of Clare Hali,t where he had a share in the education of
^iJobn Tillotson. He had the courage to stem the torrent of
rieligion and atheism that prevailed in the reign of Charles II. by
Publishing his " True Intellectual System ;*' a book well known for
be excellence of its reasoning, and the variety of his learning. He
tnderstood the oriental languages,! and was an exact critic in the
3^k and Latin. He was a good antiquary, mathematician, and
i»}ulosopher; -and was superior to all his contemporaries in meta-
ftliysics. He was father to the learned and accomplished Lady
Uasham, of Oates, in Essex, in whose house Mr. Locke spent the
^t fourteen years of his life. This learned and pious man died
iime 26, 1688, in the 71st year of his age.
BENJAMIN WHICHCOT, S. S. T. P. R. White
Bc. Bw. Before the first volume of his *' Discourses'*
An original picture of him is in the possession of my ingenious
*nd very worthy friend, the Reverend Mr. Bagshaw, minister of
Bromley, in Kent.
. I>r. Whichcot, when he was about thirty-five years of age, wias
tnade provost of King's College, in Cambridge, of which he was a
pradent apd vigilitot governor. He was afterward successively
ttinister of Black Friars and St. Laurence Jewry, in London, where
ke was universally beloved and respected as a parish priest. He
vras a man of' great moderation and sweetness of temper. His
* Afterward created a baronet.
I Itt 1C54 be was preferred to the mastership of Christ's College.
X He, In 164d9 socoeeded Dr. Metcalf as regius profe^or of Hebrew.
44 BIOGRAPHICAL HISTORY
notions of religion were like his charity, exalted and diffiimve, 9ai
never limited by the narrow prejudices of sects and parties. He
was much disgusted with the dryness and foolishness of preacbing
that prevailed in his time, and encouraged the young students of
his college to form themselves after the best models of Greece and
Rome. He was indeed himself an example of plain and unafieded
eloquence, as well as of sincere piety. Mr. Baxter numbers Inn
with the '< best and ablest of the conformists ;"* and another aadior
speaks of Chillingworth, Cudworth, and Whichcot, as ^mead
manly thought, generous minds, and incomparable leaming.'^f He
died at the house of Dr. Cudworth, master of Christ^ College, ie
May, 1683, in the 74th year of his age. His funeral sermon was
preached by Dr. Tillotson, who, though his friend, is guilty of no
exaggeration in his character. The first volume of his ** Discourses^
was published, with a preface, by Anthony, earl of ShaAesbmy,
author of the '* Chare^teristics ;" the three next by Dr. Jobn
Jeffery, airchdeacon of Norwich ; and the last by Dr. Samuel
Clarke. He was a considerable benefactor to the university of
Cambridge.
DR. JOSEPH BEAUMONT, late the king's pro-
fessor of divinity, and master of St. Peter's College,
in Cambridge. R. White sc. Frontispiece to hk
'' Psyche;' fol.
Dr. Joseph Beaumont succeeded Dr. Pearson in the mastersb^
of Jesus College^ in Cambridge, in 1662; and was, within two
years afterward, appointed master of Peter-house. In I67d, he
^ was preferred to the chair of regius professor of divinity, in wfaid^
he sat many years with great reputation. He wa9 author of
*^ Psyche, or Love's Mystery, in twenty-four Cantos, displaying
the Intercourse betwixt Christ and the Soul." This allegorical
poem was not without its admirers in the last age. Giles Jacob
calls it an invaluable work. The second edition of it was printed is
1702. Dr. Beaumont also wrote ** Observations lipon the Apdogj
of Dr. Henry More,'' Camb. 1685; 4to. A considerable numto
of his poems, &c. were published in quarto, by subacriptioD, is
• " Life of Baxter," part iii. p. 19.
t The ingenious author of a ** Dialogue on the Uses of Foreign Travel, addre^ed
to Lord Molesworth/' 1764, Bvo, p. 178.
OF ENGLAND. * 45
1749, with tbe life of the author prefixed. He died in 1699, in
Ihe 84th year of his age. He is, in his epitaph in the antichapel
At Peter-house, styled, " Poeta, Orator, Theologus prsestantissimus ;
^quovis nomine Hsereticorum Malleus, et Veritatis Vindex,"
JOHANNES WALLIS, S. T. D. geometriae pro-
fessor Savilianus, Oxonise. Faithorne delin. et sc.
"1688. Be/of^e his *' Mechanical sive de Motu^ 1670 ; Ato.
Johannes Wallis, S. T. P. geometriae professor
"Savilianus, Oxon. reg. ma'^ a sacris, Regalis Socie-
tatis tiOnd. sodalis. Loggan ad vivum delin. 1678 ; h.sh.
John Wallis, &c. Loggan. M. Burghers; foL
John Wallis, &c. Sonmans. Id. 1699 ;/o/.
John Wallis, &c. Cipriani. BasirCy 1791.
John Wallis, &c.,i©. 86 (1700). Kneller. Faber.
Dr. John Wallis was born at Ashford, in Kent, of which parish
his father was minister. After learning a little arithmetic of his
brother, he made his way in the mathematics by the force of a
genius which seemed to be designed by nature for this branch of
science, and that was equal to every thing to which it was applied.
He was not content with treading in the footsteps of other mathe-
maticians, but in several instances went beyond them ; and is by
Mr. Glanvill ranked with Vieta and Des Cartes, who are of the
first class of discoverers in mathematical knowledge.* He invented
the method for measuring all kinds of curves, and was thought to
have gone nearer than any other man towards squaring the circle^
which he has demonstrated to be impossible. He greatly improved
decimal arithmetic, and was the first that reduced a fraction, by a
continued division, to an infinite series ; which series was afterward
employed by Lord Brouncker in squaring the hyperbola. He was
the inventor of the modern art of deciphering,t which he practised
Iq the time of the civil war. The writers of the papers which he
•
• Glanidll's « Plus Ultra," p. 31, & seq.
t There is a discourse by Dr. Wallis on this art, printed in <* An Essay on tbe
Art of Decipbering;*' Lond. 1737 ; 4to. This essay was written by tbe ingenious
Jhlr. John Davys, formerly of Hart Hall, in Oxford, and afterward rector of Castle
Ashby, in Northamptonsbire.
46 BIOGRAPHICAL HISTORY
pndertodk to explain, were astonished when they saw them
phered; and fairly owned that there was great truth, if notinU*
libility, in his art. He was probably the first that ufiveutA t
method' of teaching deaf and dumb persons to speak, and to imdof*
stand a language.* He composed an English grammar, in wfaid
are many things entirely his own, and which shew ^t once the
grammarian and the philosopher. Ob, 28 Oct. 1703, ^t, 87. Hk
works are in three volumes folio. A volume of his Sermons, 8to.
with some account of his life, was published in 1791, in which is
an ingenious and interesting defence of the Trinity.
HENRICUS MORUS, Cantabrigiensis, S. S. T.D-
A. M. 61, 8sc.
*^ O chara anima, quando una eris et nuda et simplex !"
M. Antoninus, Med. lib. X. He is represented sitting
under a largt tree. W. Faithorne del. et sc. Before his
" Opera Theological' 1676; foL
Henricus Morus, &c. D. Loggan ad vivum delin.
h. sh.
. We are informed: by the author of his *\ Life,'' that this head if
much like him; ^d that Faithorne, though his print is finelj
exejcuted, lias not hit his features.
Henry More, &c. D. Loggan delin. M. Vander
Gucht so. Svo. copied from the next above, and praised
to his ^' Life,'' by Richard Ward, 1710.
Dr. Henry More, who was by many esteemed one of the greatest
divines and philosophers,+ and was certainly one of the best men
* See " Philos. Transact" under the year 1670. Mr. Wood attributes this infen-
tion to Dr. Holder; which is, with good reason, contradicted bj Mr. Waiton, la
hb " life of Dr. Bathurst," p. 157. See the article of Dr. Holder in this class.
t Mr. Hobbes, who was one of his admirers, said, that " if his own philosophy
was not true, be knew none that he should sooner like than Mote's of Cambridge.^
It is more natural for the human mind to fly from one extreme to the other Ifaaii
it is commonly imagined. Hobbes, in the instance before us> if he^had aat beeo
attached to his own philosophy, would have chosen that which is just the contrary.
So Alexander declared, " That if he were not Alexander, he wonld wish to fie
Diogenes ,* having probably been taught by his master Aristotle, that contraction
of desire may produce happiness, as well as amplitude of possession.
OF ENGLAND. 47
time> had a gopd 4^ of tatural enthusiasm. He was fired
or rather enraptured, with the Platonic philosophy ; and his writings
slew how happy a visionary the author was. Mr. John Norris, his
ftiend, and a man of similar but superior character, styles him,
^ The intellectual Epicure.*' His works, which were formerly much
fead, have been long neglected. Sir Samuel Garth condemns them
lii the lump : speaking of Dr. TysonV library, he says,
" And hither rescued from the grocer's come,
More's works entire, and endless reams of Blome."*
He would at least have excepted his excellent '' System of Ethics/'
if he had been acquainted with the book. This is commended by
Mr. Addison, in No. 86 of the " Spectator ."f Ob. 1 Sept. 1687,
£t. 73. Vide Johannes Cockshuit, Class VIII.
EDVARDUS SPARKE, S.T.D. 1662. A. Hertochs
Edvardus Sparke, S. T. D. regi a sacris, 1666,
^vo. White sc. Before his '' Scintilla Altaris''
Dr. Edward Sparke, who was educated in the nniversity of
Cambridge^ was, in the reign of Charles I. minister of St. Martin's
ckorch, in Ironmonger-lane, London ; from which he was ejected
in the civil war, and plundered of his goods. In 1660, he was re-
stored to his benefice, and made chaplain to Charles II. In 1665,
he succeeded Mr. William Bedwell in the vicarage of Tottenham
High-cross, in Middlesex. He published a sermon' preached at the
ftmeral of Henry Chitting, esq. Chester-herald ; a book of devo-
tions; and '' Scintilla Altaris, or a pious Reflection on primitive
Devotion, as to the Feasts and Fasts of the Christian Church
orthodoxly revived." This book has been several times printed.
SAMUEL DRAKE, D. D. Birrell sc. 4to.
Dr. Drake was fellow of St. John's College, Cambridge ; and on
account of his father's loyalty to Charles I. and his bravery in the
sieges of Pontefract and Newark Castles, was created by royal
i&andate D. D. He had also a prebend in the cathedral church of
^oik, and in the collegiate of Southwell. He died in 1673.
•
* ** Dispensary/' canto iv.
t The book is in Latin, and has been often printed at home and abroad.
48 BIOGRAPHICAL HISTORY
RICHARD SHERLOCK, D. D. rector of >
wick. M, Vandergucht sc.
The print is prefixed to his '< Practical Christian,** the 6th e
of which was published in 8vo. 1713.
Richard Sherlock, a native of Oxton, in Werral/'i^ the c
of Chester, received part of his education at Mi^^dalen H
Oxford, whence he removed to Trinity College, near Dublin,
was some time a minister of several small parishes in Ireland
upon the commencement of the civil war, he came into Enj
and was chaplain to one of the king's regiments at Nantwi
Cheshire. He was afterward curate to Dr. Jasper Mayi
Christ Church, at Cassington, an obscure village near Wood*
About the year 1652, he was retained as chaplain to Sir I
Bindlosse, of Berwick Hall, in Lancashire, where be was
troubled with the Quakers, against whom he.wrote several polk
pieces, a species of divinity that ill suited his disposition, as
tical Christianity was his delight. Upon the restoration, he b
doctor of divmity in the university of Dublin ; and was, t
favour of his patron, James, earl of Derby, preferred to th
benefice of Winwick.f He was afterward the same piou
humble man that he was before, and seemed to have only th
vantage from his preferment, the constant exertion of that <
torvards the poor and distr^ssed^ tokich was before a strongy but
principle in his hearti His chief work is bis ** Practical Chrii
He caused this inscription to be engraved on brass, and fixe
flat stone laid over bis grave : ^' Exufise Richard! Sherlock, S.
indignissimi hujus ecclesiee rectoris. obiit 20. die Junii, Anne
tis 76, Anno Dom. 1689. — Sal infatuum conculcate." — ^To w
person, who knew his merit, added these words : ^* En viri ss
simi modestia ! qui epitaphium se indignum inscribi voleba
vita et mcrita ejus laudes omnes longe superarent.'*
His " Life,*' prefixed to the 6th edition of his " Practical
tian,"t was written by his nephew Dr. Thomas Wilson, the
tive bishop of Sodor and Man« who resembled him in sever
eumstauces of his character.
* I1iit( place haa reason to bleas hb memory (or the useful charity which
there established.
t lu the county of Lancaster. It is esteemed the richest living in Engia
haM bi'eik valu«»d at t-lOO/. (K*r annum.
t It is also printed iu the ** Memorials and Characters,** published by Wilford
THE REVP JAMES PAtMEB.B.D. .
Ob. Jai^.^.l6.i9.
OF ENGLAND. '49
GULIELMUS FALKNER, S. S. T. P. J. Sturt sc.
4 to. Before his works.
William Falkner, who was one of the town-preachers at Lynn
Regis, in Norfolk, was author of several pieces of divinity, printed
in one volume in quarto, 1684. His " Libertas Ecclesiastica,"
written in English, and published in 8vo. 1674, is a book of merit.
Mr. Wood, in his " Fasti,'' under the year 1671, mentions William
Falconer, M. A. of Aberdeen, who was then incorporated into the
university of Oxford, and was one of the first Scotch exhibitioners
at Baliol College ; but he was not at that time an author. Queere
if the same person.
HENRY HIBBERT, D. D. D. Logganf. h. sh.
This print is anonymous. Under the head is an epigram of six
Hnes, which contain nothing but the old hackneyed turn of thought,
which is so often seen under portraits ; intimating that the pencil
or the graver can express only iJie outside of an author, and that his
mind is exhibited in his book. The print is distinguished by the
Word Burin, which is in larger letter than the rest.
Henry Hibbert, who received his education at Brazen-nose Col-
lege, in Oxford, was successively minister of All-hallows the Less,
and of St. Olave in the Old Jewry, London. He was author of
sermons, and other theological discourses: but his chief work is
" Syntagma Theologicum, or a Treatise wherein is concisely com-
prehended the Body of Divinity, and the Fundamentals of Religion
orderly discussed,'' &c. 1662, to which is prefixed his portrait.
Mr. Wood informs us that he was accounted a Presbyterian, but
lie was not ejected from St. Olave's, in 1662. Oh. 18 Dec. 1678.
DR. ADAM SAMUEL HARTMAN; oval; clerical
kbit.
I never saw this print but in the Pepysian collection.
Dr. Adam Samuel Hartman. Harding sc.
Mr. Wood informs us, that *' Adam Samuel Hartman, D. D, pf
the university of Frankfort upon the Oder, bishop of the refonpf d
<^Wrches through Great Poland and Prussia," was incorporated
doctor of divinity at Oxford in 1680.
VOL. V. H
60 BIOGRAPHICAL HISTORY
ANDRE LORTIE, ci-devant ministre de I'Egl
reforme de la Rochelle, et a present a Londre, T
Somerf. 1681, h, sh. mezz.
He is placed here as D. D.
Andrew Lortie, S. T. P. occurs in Newcourt's " Repertory," vo
p. 459, as rector of Packlesham, in Essex. He became so Ma
1683, and was the same year incorporated D. D. of Cambridge
royal mandate. He appears to have been presented to this b<
fice by Dr. Compton, then bishop of London, who, as Burnet
forms us,* " was a great patron of the converts from popery,
of those Protestants, whom the bad usage they were beginnin|
meet with in France drove over to us." Dr. Lortie was certa
living in the year 1700. A person of both his names is mentio
in Letsome's " Historical Register,*' as the author of a volumi
sermons, 1720, 8vo. He is there called, ** late rector of Bar
Nottinghamshire, and was probably a son of the former.
TITUS GATES, D. D. appeared at the head
that cloud of witnesses which helped to obscure
reign of Charles II. As he has no right to occi
thij^ class, I have placed him with the rest of
fraternity in tb^ twelfth. His najwci is a perfect o
traat to the next.
JOHN RAWiET, B. D. di^d Sept. 28, 1686, .
44 ; %V6.
John Rawlet, a man distinguished by his many and great virt
and his excellent preacliing, wa» maay years lecturer at Newcai
upon-Tyne. His sermons were plain, convincing, and persiiae
perfectly adapted to the lowest, and approved by th^ highest, c\
cities. He thoroughly understood the nature of, a popular discov
of which he has left us a specimen in his '^ Christian Monitx
which has fblly answered the purposes for which it was intent
and has been oftener printed than a»y other tract of pracl
* Vol. i. p. 395, Mib. apa. 107^.
lnity» This tt a v«ry praip^r hobk for the cfoy^ to distribulei
)ng their ]>iartshioiier8.* llie ptouft author, who waB himself the
d Christian that he taught others to be, laboured for the sake
loing good. He was offered the Uving of Ck)leshill, in Warwick-
re, worth 400/. a year ; but refused it, as he thought he could
more useful at Newcastle. As he declined the acceptance, Lord
^by desired him to nominate some other person ; upon which he
ommended Mr. Kettlewell, on whom it was conferred. Mr.
ivlet was author of sevef al other pieces, all of which have a ten-
icy to promote ptactioal religion ,t
GULIELMUS WALKER, S.T. B. scliolse public®
ondam Ludensis, nunc Granthamiensis, magister,
t 59. Before his ** English Examples,^' ^vo.
i¥illiam Walker, who was one of the most able schoolmastsrs
bis time, was isuocesfeiyely master of the schools of Lowih and
antham, in Lincolnshire. He wrote several books on grammar,
raseology, rhetoric, and logic ; and also, ^* A modest Plea for
ant Baptism^'' Bat the book which gmned him most reputation,
i which l^s been oftener printed than any of his works, except
" English Examples,'' was his " Treatise of English Particles,'*
udicious p«^f manc«, and much wanted : it is dedicated to Dr.
isby. He is said to have had the honour of instructing Sir Isftao
iwto6,t ^^0 ^^ ham at Woolstrope, a hamlet belonging to Col-
irworth,^ a few ttiiles iWxtti Gmntliam. Of this parish Mr. Wa&6t
* Tbe I&te mgenioui and learned Mr. James Merrick, a well known clei^gynmn of
adingjwho was indefatigable in his endeavours to promote literature, charity, and
tj, has distributed near 10,000 copied of this excellent tract chiefly among the
livers, many of whom he has brought to a sense of religion^ — ^Though I cherish
I vevftrenoe tbe memory, I sh&iil not here attempt the character of this wordiy
"Mn ; so worthy, a6 excellent, that it is, indeed, far beyond ttiy power to do jns-
itoit.
' In Dr. James Stonehouse's " Friendly Letter to a Patient just admitted into
Infirmary," p* 25. edit. 6, are these words : " I cannot here forbear mentioning
>tooas of tolerable circumstances (if this letter should come mto such hands)>
iwlet's Treatise on Sacramental Covenanting,' which has passed tiiroug^ eigbt
ions, and is, in my opinion, a lively and judicious book, in which there is a
97 mi^ure of tbe Ukstmbdv^ and paftietic."
This is -contradicted in the "Gentleman's Magazine," for Nov. 1772, p. 522.
]Populai'Iy caih^ Coltswo^th.
52 BIOGRAPHICAL HISTORY
was rector, and he lies buried in his own church with the following
inscription on his tomb, which alludes to his capital work :
Hie jacent
Gulielmi Walkeri
Particuloe.
obiit
1 mo Aug^.
. C Dom. 1684,
^^^^iiEtatis,61.
He had a son who was vicar of Sunning, in Berkshire.
EDWARDUS BOYS, S. T. B. M. 66. W. Faithom
sc. Before his Sermons.
Edward Boys, who received the former part of his education at
Eton school, was afterward successively a scholar and fellow of |
Corpus Christ! College, in Cambridge. In 1634, he was appointed
one of the university preachers; and, in 1640| was, by William
Paston, esq. presented to the rectory of Mautby, in Norfolk. Mr.
Masters, to iHiom I am indebted for this account of him, '' appre-j
bends'' that he was chaplain to Charles I. He certainly deserrdl
that distinction, as he was a man of acknowledged merit, and i
justly-admired preacher ; and therefore muph in favour with tbej
bishop of Norwich. Roger Fljmt, the editor of his sermons, vitkl
difficulty obtained leave of the dying author to communicate theaj
to the public ; but it was upon condition ^* that he should say notl
ofhimJ* From which he leaves the reader to judge how great
man he was, who made so little of himself. He hopes, however,!
that he may add, without breach of promise, ^* that when a man'i
genius is fitted for government ; when his person is guarded iriij
authority, and his deportment with gravity ; when his courage v
tempered with moderation, and his knowledge with discretion;
when a priest and a gentleman meet in one person, the chi
must needs su£Per a great loss, that such a one should expire in i
country village consisting only of four farmers. But I must say
more than this, that he was nephew to Dr. Boys, that famous de
of Canterbury ; and thou mayest judge by his writings ; they we
near of kin."
The Rev. RICHARD KINGSTON, M. A.
preacher of St. James's, Clerkenwell. Under the kt
OF ENGLAND. 63
* which is engraved in the manner of Gaywood, are four
Latin lines : " Umbra Viri fades" S^c, 8vo. The print is
prefixed to his '^ Pilulce Pestilentales,'' a sermon preached
; at St. PauFsy in the midst of the late sore visitation^
printed in 1665. The head is copied by Richardson.
Richard Kingston should be here mentioned with distinction and
honour. In the midst of the dreadful pestilence, when *' thousands
fell on his right hand, and ten thousands on his left," he appeared
to be under the peculiar care of Providence. At this time, as
he informs us in the preface, he was occupied by day in visiting the
sick, and by night in burying the dead ; having no time for study
but what he deducted from his natural rest.
I JOHANNES GOAD, artis astro-meteorologicae in-
staurator, Mt. 62, 1677, Sgc. R. White sc. Before his
posthumous work J entitled^ " Astro- Meteor ologia sana^^
^c. 4^0. 1690. This print is much like the author.
John Goad, who was educated at St. John's College, in Oxford,
v?as, near twenty years, chief master of Merchant Taylors' school,
in London. In 1681, he was ejected from this employment, on
account of some passages which savoured strongly of popery, in
^is " Comment on the Church Catechism," composed for the use
0^ his scholars. After his ejectment, he taught school in "West-
niinster. He was a man in general esteem for his probity and
Naming, and particularly for his abilities as a schoolmaster. He
&d Oct. 28, 1689, having, a few years before, declared himself a
Koman Catholic* He was author of several sermons, and one or
two vocabularies, &c. but his great work, which employed him for
^ considerable part of his life, was his '* Astro-Meteorologica ; or
. Aphorisms and Discourses of the Bodies celestial, their Natures
^^d Influences, discovered from the Variety of the Alterations of
^c Air, temperate or intemperate, as to Heat or Cold, Frost, Snow,
*^ail, Fog, Rain, Wind, Storm, Lightnings, Thunder, Blasting,
"iirricane," &c. London, 1686, fol. This book gained the author
* E»reat reputation. The subject of it is a kind of astrology, founded,
mi Mr. Wood's account ef him, that he only outwardly con-
of England, from the year 1660.
54
BIOGRAPHICAL HISTORY
for the most part, on reaaon and experiinant» at mil appear by<
paring it with Mr. Boyle*s " History of the Air/' and Dr. MeiA
book ^* De Imperio Solis et Lunae.**
JOHANNES NEWTON, M. 39, 1660; i^fw^
" Mathematical Elements, by John Newton^ M. A!"
1660; 4 to.
John Newton, who was some time a commoner of Edmund
Hall, in Oxford, was, soon after the restoration, created doctor of
divinity, made chaplain to the king, and preferred to the rectory oC
Ross, in Herefordshire. He seems, by his works^ to have roi
through the whole circle of sciences^ There is in the " Athena
Oxonienses,'' a catalogue of his books of arithmetic, geometiy,
trigonometry, astronomy, the seven liberal arts, cosmography, geo-
graphy, logic, and rhetoric ; down to epbemerideB> almanacks, and
instructions for children to read. Mr. Wood speaks of him as i
learned man, but of a singular and capricious character. Oh. Jan.
1678-9.
EDMUNDUS ELISEUS, A. M. Coll. Bal. quon-
dam Socius. He thus writes himself in the titk-pagt U
his " Miscellanea,'' 1662, 4 to, before which is an anrnf-
mous print of him by Fait home, in an octagmi frttim
Matis suce 28. An\ Do. 1662. With coat of arm.
Edmund EliiSeus ; in an octagon frame, ^. H^.
Richardson; 4to.
Edmund Elys,"*^ son of a clergyman m Detonshirey was educatsd
at Baliol College, in Oxford. In 1655., about ikxt time When bt
took the degree of bachelor of arts, being then fellow of the ^
lege, he published a small volume of divine poems, a«d a&bthet k
1658. The same year he published <' Miscellanea,'' in Latin vA
Englbh verse, and several short essays in Latin prdai^. This book
was reprinted in 1662. In the preface, and more patticialaHj it
p. 32, he speaks with great sensibility of some persons who had
decried his performances, and aspersed his character on account of
♦ So witttteh by Mr. Wcn^»
r.
HiA .»/»^.A f ,Ty^,j. i..,\k'T> 1 ~l jr,.^ AT-^f U,
OF ENGLAND. 55
■pme levities and sallies of youth. In 1659, he succeeded his
IJBLther in the rectory of East AUington, in Devonshire. His ooq-
^ dnct appears to have been irreproachable after he entered. into holy
- orders. He, by his writings, has given sufficient testimony of his
'. parts^ industry, and learning. The rpost remarkable of his nume-
I TDQS works, which are mentioned by Wood, is the pamphlet which
i'* lie published against Dr. Tillotson's '^ Sermons on the Incarnation;"
■ and the most estimable is his volume of '' Letters/' &c. as some of
them were written to eminent persons, particularly Dr. Sherlock
\ and Dr. B^ntley. There are also letters from Dr. Henry More,
Dr. Barlow, and others, to Edmund Elys. He was living, and in
itadious retirement, in 1693, at which time he was a nonjuror. See
** Athen. Ozon." ii. col. 943.
>
CLEMENT ELLIS, An. iEtat. 68 ; clerical habit,
^nudl Svo. Under the head is a mermaid in a circle.*
Clement Ellis was born in Cumberland, and educated at Queen's
CoUes^t in Oxford, of which he became fellow. He was patronised
by lymiam, marquis, and afterward duke, of Newcastle, who pre-
seiited liim to the rectory of Kirkby, in Nottinghamshire, of which
ke wa« the laborious, useful, and exemplary minister. His writings,
e^Mie^ one or two juvenile pieces of poetry, have a tendency to
promote practical religion. His principal work is " The Gentile
Sinner, or England's brave Gentleman characterised, in a letter to
a Friend," 1660, small Svo. of which several editions have been
published. t His small tract, entitled *' Christianity in short; or
the ^hort Way to be a good Christian ; recommended to such as
It eiAer time or capacity for reading longer and learned Dis-
mrses,'* was, perhaps, oftener printed than any of his works.
was one of the popular tracts which was pirated and vilely
ited on tobacco paper, ** by Henry Hills, in Black-Friars, for the
it of the poor;" by which was meant the poor purchaser.
piiat, according to the strictness of chronology, may possibly belong to ft
reign.
^"f The writer, in this book, first draw? the character of a vain and debauched
■U of &shion; nest of those who are vicious in a less degree; and concludes
•ilh that of a Christian gentleman. This work, which was written in a fortnight, in
ike earlj part of the author's life, is not without merit, either in design or composi-
iio; bdf we, in the course of it, too frequently meet with the fulsome metaphors
If fonatics, And such qnaintnesses as abound in Overbury's characters.
r
56 BIOGRAPHICAL HISTORY
The author was living at Kirkby, in 1694. See " Athen. Oxon.''
ii. col. 969.
The Rev. Mr. WILLIAM CRAY, of Newcastle; a
small anonymous mezzotinto. F. Place f. 1683.
This person was probably a friend of Mr. Place, who engrayed
for his amusement.
ff
ROBERT WALWYN, late minister of towcester,
&c. \2mo.
Robert Walwyn was author of a compendious system of divinitj,
entitled, '^ A particular View of the Fundamentals of the Cbristian
Religion," 1666, small 8vo.
■
An ano7iymous pm^trait of a clergyman in a surplice^
arms, Bible, and Prayer-book ; underneath are four
lines, " This but the shade of him adorrid in white,'' S^c,
intimating that he was author of polemical pieces. W:
Sherwin sc. l2mo. The name of this author was George]
Alsop. — See Bromley's Catalogue of English Portrait^
Period V. Class IV. "
N. B. Stillingfleet, Patrick, Tenison, Homeck, and other eni-
nent divines of the established church, flourished in this reign, btttj
their portraits belong to a subsequent period.
NONCONFORMISTS.
JOANNES OWENUS, &c. R. WJtite sc. h. sk.
Joannes Owen, S. T. D. &c. Vertuesc. copiedfnM^
the above. Before his ivorks, 1121, foL
Joannes Owen, D. D. J. Vandevelde crc. 4te.j
mezz.
GEORGE ALSOP.
JCoA- t&'awne tJ»ct tke^rei-itise- Mary Larui
f»r ti/hiefi his Jiadear Ase^tl^rvep l^ pm^t
At tfeiioJ- PoetJ Jet, lA, v^ad^ 5/' S^yr .
r^iiy »■" ^i^^4/i.^c«j?/.sir.,e £.;,t/i.^ F.^U-r
OP ENOLAND. 67
John Om^en, &c. prefiMd to his life. R. White;
Svo.
JoHNOt^^feN; me^t. J.v.Velde.
John Owen. J. Riley del. J. Caldwall so. In the
" Nonconformists' Memorial'''
John Owen, some time dean of Ctitist CbUrch, and vice-<;han«-
celloT of the liniveFsity of Oxford^ w£ts a man of ifnote learning and
politeness than any of the Independents ; and was, perhaps, ex-
i^eded by noti6 tff thkf paifty in ptobtty aild [ii^ty. Suppdsitig it
necessary fbr 6he df his pef^uasidti 16 be pkd^d Sit th^ he&d 6f the
university, flWie Was so proper as this pers6fi$ Who goveitifed k
d^vetal years, With nauch ptudence and m6deratioii, wheh fidtio^
and animofiity de^nied ia be a pan of every I'eligion. He was a
mati of ati engaging dbtiVer^adoti, and had m e:sc6elieilt talent fdir
pfeacbing. He Was highly itt faVouf with Ctoinwell, and w&S, after
the restoi^tidiS, btfcfed prefei»tneiit ifi the thufch, which he refii&ed.
Two days before hifi d^ath, he dictated a letter to k jpattieulat
Mend, iti which at^ th^ge Wdf ds : " 1 am Wviiig the ship of the
church in £1 t^6flh, btit Whilst the gfeat f^iiot \i in it, th6 16^6 of a
poor under-rower will be inconsiderable."* ' He died August 24,
1683j in the 67th y«tt of hig age.f Ilier6 Ar6 Sortie v6ry peculiar
expressions in his writings t Soldmoil's Song could not furiiish
him with a sufficient number of phrases to express his love of
* Caktmj.
t Mr. Weo4 Fet>refl«itt him to a {ieijuFed person, a tnoe'^stfrter, a by|l6crH6
whoM godlkieas was giiift,- aad a blasphemer i and ^ as if tfai# w6#e not stffficietft, ti^
bas also made him a fop. All which nteaiBts tio mo^ than this : That whei^ Dr.
Owen eiit^ed himself a Atenofbei' of the niiVersity of Oxford, he was of the esto-
Uislicd chsFcb^ aad took the tsaal oaths ; that he tamed Ifidepindent, preaehed
iDd acted as other IiidepeQde»ts didy tooik the oath called the £ftgtf^iaenty a«d
accepted of preferment from Cromwell ; that he was a matf of a good pef^tftt a6d
bekafioor, and liked to go well dressedt-^We nrast be el4remely cdatiofl^ htl¥f we
form otfr jad^eM of characters af this period : the difference of a few modes et
certmories in leligieas worship, has been the source «f iafiirite pVejediee and itAi'
representation. The practice of some of the splenetic writers of thnl period feminds
me of the painter well known by the appellation of Hellish Brueghel, who had so
accastomed himself to painting of witches, imps, and devils, that he sometimes
mdt biTt little differeitee bei#ilt hiiT hutU&n arid iiifernaLl figures. I do not mean,
hf this reAiatk, id teAeti parfi6uhrfly 6ii Mr. Wood, wh^ with hts def^cis iiad very
great merit
VOL. V. I
68 BIOGRAPHICAL HISTORY
Christ, but he must inyent a jargon of his own.* Dr. Willia]
Clagget, in his " Discourse concerning the Operation of the Ho]
Spirit,'' wrote a confutation of part of Dr. Owen's book on tit
subject. There is an excellent abridgment of the former^ wi'
considerable improvements, by Henry Stebbing, M. A. 17 19, 8y
THOMAS GOODWIN, S. T. P. &c. R. White s
a double cap on his head.
Another by White, in 8vo. copied from the former.
Thomas Goodwin was one of the assembly of divines that sat
Westminster, and president of Magdalen College, in Oxford. tA
Wood styles him and Dr. Owen '' the two Atlasses and Patriarc
of Independency." He was a man of great reading, but by i
means equal to Dr. Owen, and was much farther gone in fan
• ticism. The authors of his character prefixed to his works infoi
us, that " he was much addicted to retirement and deep contei
plation,t had been much exercised in the controversies agitated
the age in which he lived, and had a deep insight into the grace
Gk>d, and the covenant of grace.*' He attended Cromwell, his friei
and patron, upon his death-bed, and was very confident that
* Dr. South, who knew hun well, has mentioned sevoal of his cant words, in
fbnrth volume, p. 49. See also vol. v, p. 48. 334.
f He was. doubtless the Independent mimster and head of a college, mentioned
No. 494 of the " Spectator;'' where a young man,^ who went to be entered at
college, is said to have been conducted " with great silence and seriousness t
long gallery, which was darkened at noon-day, and had only a nngle candle bu
ing in it. After a short stay in this melancholy apartment, he was led int
chamber hung with black ', where he entertained himself for some time, by
glimmering of a taper ; till at length the head of the college came out to him ft
an inner room, with half a dozen nightcaps upon his head, and religious horror in
countenance. The young man trembled ; but his fears increased; when instead
being asked what progress he had made in learning, he was examined how
abounded in grace," &c. &e.
The long gallery, mentioned in this note, was taken down in 1770, for the i
proTement of the president's lodgings. In the ** Oxford Almanack" for 1730, is
onlside view of it. It is known by the two doors in front, a window with tX
lights,- toad as many brackets underneath.
* Tbe young man was the famous Thomat, or, more fsmiliarly called, Tom Br
hwry, the supposed author of the ballad " Of Bray the Vicar I have been."— ^Lo
Hailbs.
OF ENGLAND. 69
aid not die, from a supposed revelation communicated to him
a prayer, but a few minutes before his death. When he found
iself mistaken, he exclaimed, in a subsequent address to God,
rhou hast deceived us, and we were deceived.* Ob, 23 Feb.
79, JEt. 80. His writings consist of expositions, sermons,
!. which have been much read. His portrait, which very nearly
embles him, is prefixed to his works, piinted in 1681, in two
umes folio.
THOMAS MANTON, D. D. R. White sc. Before
P Sermons, 1678 ; Ato.
Thomas Manton, &c. R. W. f, copied from the
^e; 8vo.
Thomas Manton, &c. R. White sc. Before his
rks ; foL
Je is represented very plump, or rather fat.
[liomas Manton, rector of Covent-garden, was one of the
atest divines among the Presbyterians. His industry and
ning, his talent as a preacher, his moderation, his activity and
iress in the management of their public affairs, in all which he
I a leading man, are mentioned with respect, by several writers.
was one of the commissioners at the Savoy conference, and was
y desirous of a comprehension. Lord Clarendon intimated^ to
cter, that he should not have despaired of bringing that affair to
ippy issue, if he had been as fat as Manton.f Archbishop Usher
d to call him a voluminous preacher ;X and he was no less volu-
lous as an author. He composed 190 sermons on the 119th
ilm, which are printed in one volume folio. He was also author
seyeral other pieces specified by Dr. Calamy. Ob. 18th Oct.
n.
TiUotoon's " life/' p. 19, &c. second edit.
He seems to have had that well known passage of Shakspeare in his mind,
re Jolios Cssar, speaking of Cassias, sajs,
" Let me have men about me that are fat,*' &c.
Fhe. following passage is in a letter of Lord Bolingbroke to Dr. Swift : " My
shall be as long as one of Dr. Manton's (sermons) who taught my youth to
I, and prepared me to be a high churchman, that I might never hear him read,
ead him more." — Letters of Swift, &c. publuhed 1766, vol. ii. p. 112.
60 BIOGRAPHIOAL HI8TORY
GULIELMUS BATESIUS, S. S. T. P. Faithot
delin. et sc. Before his " Harmoni/ of divine Att
GuwELMus Bat^sxus, &;c. ^t. 57, 1682, R> Wh
sc. \^mo.
GuLiELMUs Batesius, &c. JSf. 65, iVbi;. 16J
G. Kneller p. R. Whit^ sc. \%mo.
GuLiELMUs Batesius, &c. JSf. 74. G. Kneller
H. White sc. Prefia^ed to his worksyfoh 1700.
GuLiELMUs Batesius, &c. JEif. 62; prefixed to
Sermons. Sturt sc.
Gulielmus Batesius, &c. G. Vertue.
GuLiELMus Batesius. Kneller pinx. Caldwai
Xtith^ ^'Nonconformists' Memorial;'' Qvo,
Dr. William Bates, minister of St. Dunstan's in the West, v
former part of this reign,* was a man of a good and amiable
racter ; much a scholar, much a gentleman, and no less a Chri
His moderation and sweetness of temper, were known to al
conversed with him ; among whom were eminent and pious n
various persuasions. Dr. Tillotson's friendship for him began i
and as his merit was invariably the same, it continued, without
ruption, to the end of that prelate's life. His abilities quaHfie
for the highest dignities in the church : and it is certain that
offers were made him ; but he could never be prevailed with t
form. All his works except his '' Select Lives of illustriou
pious Persons,"t to which his own life would be ^ proper s
ment, were publi^ed in one volume folio. Hq 18 esteemed th.e, {
writer of his age, among the Presbytejiansu 0^^ 1699^
* Near 9000 persons, ampng whom was Dr. Batee, wort sUoDOed asd <
for nonooiiibriiilfy-, afto^the rostoratioD.
t Entilled, " Vitar selfotss atk}uot VSvorara/' &o. It is little noie thaa
tion publisked by biii>.
OF ENGLAND. 61
ANTON. TUCKNEY, D. D. R. Wiite sc.
Aothony Tuckney was one of the assembly of divines^ and suc-
cessively master of Emmanuel and St, John's College* in Cam-
bridge ; regius professor of divinity, and vice-chancellor of that
university. After the restoration, he was appointed one of the
commissioners at the conference held at the Savoy. He was suc-
ceeded in the mastership of Emmanuel College by Dr. William
PilUngham/ in 1653 ; and was, in 1661, succeeded in the master-
ship of St. John's, and the divinity chair, by Dr. Peter Gunning.
He was a man of great learning, and no less modesty ; but is said
to have shewn more courage in maintaining the rights and privileges
of the university, in the lawless time in which he lived, than any of
the heads of houses at Cambridge. He, with great prudence and
ability^ presided over his college, which never flourished more than
under his government. He died in 1669-70, in the 71st year of his
age. His ^* Sermons," before which is his portrait, were published
after his death, in 4to. 1676. His '^ Preelectiones Theologicee,'*
were also published in 4to. 1679.
JOHANNES COLUNGS, S- T. P. &c, R. White
Johannes Collings, Sec. 1678, ML 63; 4to.
mezx.
Dr. John Collings, who was one of the commissioners at the
Savoy conference in this reign, was educated at Emmanuel College,
in Cambridge; and was forty-four years a minister at Norwich.
He was a man of various learning, but particularly excelled as a
textuary and critic. He was generally esteemed for his great in-
dustry^ humanity, and exemplary life. He was author of many
lennona and books of practical divinity and controversy; one of
the moat singular of which is his " Weaver's Pocket-Book, or
Weaving ipiritoalised ;'* 8to. 1675.t This book was adapted to
* An iogeDioas Latm poet, some of whose compositions are in the first volume of
the new editfon of the " Mosse AnglfcansB.*'
t Mr. Bojrle, in his " Occasional Reflections on several Subjects,** published hi
1665, seems to hare led the way to spiritualizing the common objects, business,
nd oecoireDces of Hfe. This was much practised by Mr. Flavel, and has been
lately revived by Bir. ^ames Hervey.
62 BIOGRAPHICAL HISTORY
the place where he lived, which has been long famous for the ma
nufacture of stuffs. He had a very considerable hand in the An
notations on the Bible, in two volumes folio; which were begu:
- and carried on by Mr. Matthew Poole, and which go under his name
Ob. 1690, ^t. 67.
THOMAS JACOMB, D. D. In the same plat
with the heads of Jos. Caryl, Edmund Calamy, Dt
Tho, Manton, Tho. Case, W^. Je7ikin, Ric. Baxtei
Dr. W'^. Bates, Tho. Watson, Tho. Lye, and Matth
Mead. The print is an engraved title, in which at
these words, " The Farewell Sermons of the late Londo
Ministers, preached the 17 th of Aug. 1662;''* 8vo. Tht
was a little before the act of uniformity took place.
Thomas Jacomb. J. Riley del. Caldwall sc. 1
the '' Nonconformists' Memorial.''
Thomas Jacomb received part of his education at Magdalen Hal
in Oxford, whence he removed to Emmanuel, and at length to Tr
nity College, in Cambridge. About the year 1647, he was preferrc
to the rectory of St. Martin's near Ludgate, and also made cha|
lain to the Countess Dowager of Exeter.f After the restoration, 1
lived in Exeter House with that lady ; where he frequently preacl
ed when other ministers were silenced. Mr. Baxter and Dr. Cj
lamy speak of him as a man of great gravity, sobriety, and mod<
ration, and a good preacher. Dr. Sherlock, who seems to ha^
received some provocation from him, represents him as *^ the pre
tiest, nonsensical, trifling goosecap, that ever set pen to paper.'
* The publication of these sermons gave great offence, as there were several pi
sages in them which were thought to be of a seditious tendency. Mr. Baxter ii
forms us, that the booksellers procured copies of the Farewell Sermons from tl
scribes that took them from the mouths of the preachers, and that several of tlie
were^altered and mangled at the discretion of the editors. — " life," part iL p. 30
t Daughter to John, earl of Bridgewater. Mr. Baxter styles her " the excellei
sincere, humble, godly, faithful lady, the Countess Dowager of Exeter." — ** life
part iii. p. 95.
X This inconsistency of characters is frequently seen in the writings of such j
flourished about this period, especially when the authors happe,n to disagree
their sentiments of religion. — Vide " Athen. Oxon." ii. col. 80 1.
Of ENGLAND. 63
He died m the house of his patroness, the 27th of March, 1687.
His library^ which consisted of books in various languages and fa-
culdes^ sold after his deat^ for 1300/. He published a considerable
number of sermons.
EDMUND CALAMY, B. D. R. White sc. \2mo.
Edmund Calamy, with the heads of Jos. Carylj
James Janeway, and Ralph Venning ; %vo.
Edmund Oalamy was minister of Aldermanbury, whence he was
ejected in 1662. See an account of him in the preceding reign.
STEPHEN CHARNOCK, B. D. R. White sc.
Before his two volumes of ^^ Discourses on the E^vistence^
Attributes, and Providence of God,'' <Spc. 1684 ; folio.
Stephen Cmarnock. J. Riley del. J. Caldwall sc.
In the " Nonconformists' Memorial."
Stephen Chamock was educated at Emmanuel College, in Cam-
bridge, where he was some time under the tuition of Mr. William
Sancroft, who was, in this reign, advanced to the see of Canterbury.
In 1652^ he was, by authority of the parliament visitors, appointed
fellow of New College, in Oxford. He was afterward domestic
diaplain to Henry Cromwell, when he was lord-deputy of Ireland.
Wliilst he continued in that station, he was a constant preacher at
one of the churches in Dublin, every Sunday in the afternoon.
His sermons, which he delivered without notes, were attended by
aD persons of distinction in that city. In the latter part of his life,
when he exercised his ministry in London, his memory and his eyes
hjled him ; which occasioned his reading his sermons with a glass.
The two volumes of his Discourses, though.not written with a view
to their publication, bear a sufficient testimony to the abilities of
the author ; whose natural parts were more solid than shining ; and
were improved by every kind of learning requisite to form a divine.
Mr. Johnson, who preached the sermon at his funeral, says, *' he
never knew a man, in all his life, who had attained near to that skill
tiiat Mr. Chamock had, in the originals of the Old and New Testa-
nent, except Mr. Thomas Cawton.*' Ob. 27 July, 1680, JSt. 52.
64 BIOGRAPHICAL HISTORY
SAMUEL CRADOCK, B. D. some time fellc
Emmanuel College, in Cambridge. R. White sc.
fore his " Knowledge and PractiCey' S^c. folio.
Samuel Cradock, rector of North Cadbury, in Somene
was elder brother to Dr. Zachary Cradock, preacher at Gray
and provost of Eton College. In 1662, he was, for nonconfc
ejected from his benefice, worth 300/. a year. He wag afU
supported by the generosity of Mr. Walter Cradock, a geni
of fortune, to whom he was heir at law. He, in this reign,
private academy for which hit learning perfectly qualified hii
had a share in the education of several persont of worth an
nence. I never saw two different characters of Mr. Cradock
was so good and inoffensive a man, that every body spoke
him, when it was usual for men of all religions to speak ill c
other* Nothing was ever objected to him but his nonconfb
and if that were a crime, it was entirely the crime of an enn
conscience, without the least perversity of his will. His ^^ Apot
History," his " History of the Old and New Testament," i
*' Harmony of the Four Evangelists," are his principal works,
have particular merit.* The last was revised by his friend E
lotson, who preserved it from the fiames in the fire of Londoi
7 Oct. 1706, M. 86.
DAVID CLARKSON, minister of the gospel, (
M. Beale p. R. White sc. Before his " Sermons^
1696.
David Clarkson, when he was fellow of Clare Hall, in Cattti
had the honour of instructing Archbishop Tilloti^n, not only
the greatest, but also one of the best men thin krngdotti en
duced. It is well known that this prelate ever mfaintained a i
for him, not merely because he was bis tu^or, but because he
man of uncommon learning and abiKties, and of irrngular m
and humility. His sermons are esteemed Judidiottsf ;^ they ta^
ten m an unaffecf^ style and good method. The mtfit m
his works is that cntrtled, '^ No EvidettCef df Diocesaft Epis<
^Br. Dodderidge recdmrnends the fim itnd last of these btfoks tO yotfngll
Se# hif «' FanrSf £xpo8it<yr/' yol Hi. p. 578.
OF ENGLAND. 66
ia the primitive Times ;" 1681 ; 4to, in answer to Dr. StiUingfleet.
This book shews him to have been a man of great reading in church
history.
MATTELEUS POLE (vel. Poole), &c. (M.A.)
R. White sc* h. sh.
This learned critic and casuist finished, in ten years, a work that
seemed sufficient to employ a much longer life than his own. It is
entitled, ** Synopsis Criticorum aliorumque S. Scripturse Interpre-
Ckmi," and is printed in five large volumes in folio. It contains not
mly an abridgment of the nine volumes of the '* Critici Sacri," and
rarions other expositors,* but also extracts and abridgments of a
^at number of small treatises and pamphlets, which, though of con-
nderable merit, would have been otherwise neglected or lost. The
plan of it was judicious,t and the execution more free from errors
Ihan seems consistent with so great a work, finished in so short a
imCf by one man.^ Mr. Poole made a great progress in the Eng-
S|{h Annotations on the Bible, completed after his decease by several
ISvineSy and published in two volumes folio. He was author of
lome other pieces of less note. His name was among those who
nrere to be murdered by the Papists, according to the deposition of
ritus Oates. In 1679, he retired to Amsterdam, where he died
ike same year, not without suspicion of being poisoned.
JOHANNES HOWE, V. D. M. (M. A.) White sc.
Svo.
John Howe. G. Kneller p. J. Caldwall sc. In the
^ N(mc(mforjnists' Meniorial"
John Howe. Riley del. Trotter sc.
- * See Tnpp's Preface to Ms " Explanatory Notes on the Four Gospels/' p. 5.
. t This atppctkloiui work was ondertakcn bj tbe advice of the very learned Bishop
liojdy as appeajq by a letter of that prelate, addressed to the femoas Mr, Podwelh
tnd commanicated to me by bis son, Mr. Dodweli, archdeacon of Berks.
t This book Is 6f late much sunk in its price, tboagh intrinsically as good as ever.
TWteaA Is, lAtin commentaricls on the Scriptures are little regarded ; but we have
^fi^nk ones aa often as we have new almanack*. I have myself known about
Iwei^ pul^Uad mHOnn these Uet twenty years.
VOL. V. K
66 BIOGRAPHICAL HISTORY
Johannes Howe, M. A. J. Pine sc. copied frm ^
White.
John Howe, who had been chaplain to Cromwell, was one oftk
most learned and polite writers among the dissenters. His reading
in divinity was very extensive': he was a good orientalist, and ua*
derstood several of the modern languages. His sermons, and other
practical pieces, which are numerous, were, for the most part, pub-
lished in this reign. His '* Blessedness of the Righteous-' was the
most generally esteemed of his performances. He was an admiied
preacher, but was sometimes too profound for ordinary capacities.
TliSre is an uncommon depth of thought in several of his wcAi,
It is observable, that his friend Dr. Tillotson asserted, in a seimoft
preached at court the 2d of April, 168Q, that '^ no man, without an
extraordinary commission from heaven, testified by working mira-
cles as the apostles did, ought to a£Pront the established religionof
a nation, though it befalscy and openly to draw men o£Pfrom the pro-
fession of it, in contempt of the magistrate and the law,'' &c. Mr.
Howe did not only write him a long letter upon this erroneoas doc-
trine, but expostulated with him upon it in a friendly manner : upon
which Dr. Tillotson burst into tears, and frankly acknowledged that
it was not to be justified. Ob, 2 April, 1705.
JOSEPHUS CARYL. White sc. h. sh. Before his
Commentary J Sfc.
Joseph Caryl, &c. (M. A.) R. White sc. Svo.
Joseph Caryl with Calamy arid others.
Joseph Caryl. G. Kneller p. J. Caldwall sc. In
the *' Nonconformists' Memorial^'
Joseph Caryl, a moderate Independent, was some time a com'
moner at Exeter College, in Oxford. He was one of the iuraembly
of divines, and a frequent preacher before the Long Parliament id
the reign of Charles I. He was several times appointed to attend
upon that unhappy prince, particularly when he was a prisoner at
Holdenby, and a little before his death ; but the king waved all
offers of his service. In 1660, he and Dr. Owen were, by order
of parliament, sent to attend on Cromwell in Scotland, and to
OF ENGLAND. 67
»fficiate as ministers. He was a man of parts and learning, and of
odefatigable industry. He was author of a considerable number of
lermons; but his great work is an endless '^ Commentary on Job/'
b two volumes folio, which consist of upwards of six hundred
sheets.* It is also, printed in twelve volumes 4to. Ob, Feb.
1672-3.t
i
THOMAS DOOLITTLE, (M.A.) M.51. R.White
9C. Before his " Treatise on the Lord's Supper y' 1680;
Vimo.
' John Dunton, who printed the book, informs us that Robert
White, who was successful in likenesses, got much reputation by
is head. Dunton's " Life," p. 346.
Thomas Doolittle; anonymous; six English
verses, " Dust drawn to the life, yet dull and shortly
dead;' ^c.
Thomas Doolittle. R. White sc. J. Sturt; l2mo.
Thomas Doolittle, in a wig. J. Caldwall sc. In
the " Nonconformists' Memorial.''
Thomas Doolittle. Cross sc. Four English
verses.
Thomas Doolittle, holding a book; I2ma.
* It is indiscreet in an author to be voluminous, as the generality even of scholars
ve too lazy even to read books of an enormous length. Indeed the age of Charles
n. or rather the seventeenth century, was the age of dull rhapsodies and folios. I
•peak not this in disparagement of Mr. Caryl's performance : but a commentary on
the " Uiad/' in twenty-four volumes in folio, which bears much the same proportion
toUus on the Hebrew poet, mast needs be heavy and rhapsodical, though written by
l^ng^Qt himself. One just remark has been made on its utility, that it is a very
'*>ffident exercise for the virtue of patience, which it was chiefly intended to incul-
cite tnd improve.
t Ag^t-grandson of this Mr. Caryl was lately a mercer in the Strand, but is
^"^ retired from business, and has an estate in Hertfordshire. Dr. Lyndford Caryl,
nsster of Jesus College, Cambridge, and prebendary of Canterbury, Lincoln, and
°^tlmelly is his great nephew.
68 BIOGRAPHICAL HISTORY
Thomas Doolittle, a native of Kidderminster, in WofoesterAi^
was minister of St. Alpha^, in London, before the ejcctML
Mr. Baxter, who thought him a promising yonth* sent bim to hst
broke Hall, in Cambridge; where he made snch a profieiencj ii
learning, as fully answered his expectation. He kept a priiSll
academy in Monkwell- street, Cripplegate, where he contimiedto
preach, and trained up several ministers of considerable note.
He had the character of a serious and afiectionate preacher, ibI
was very assiduous in catechising. He published books of pnctiGd
divinity to almost the time of his death, which was on the 24tii of .
May, 1707.* In the '* History of Europe," for that year, be ■
said to have built the first meeting-house in London, and to hm
been the '^ last that survived of the ministers ejected by the act of
uniformity." His '^ Treatise on the Sacrament" has, perhaps, beet
oftener printed than any other book on that subject ; and his '^ Call
to delaying Sinners" has gone through many editions. HevM
father of Samuel DooUttle, some time a minister at Readingiii
Berkshire.
THOMAS GOUGE, (M. A.) Rilej/ p. KWhiUic.
Before his " Funeral Sermon^'' 1682 ; \2!mo.
Thomas Gouge. Van Hove sc.
Thomas Gouge. Vander Gucht; Qvo.
Thomas Gouge. J. Riky p. Collyer sq. In the
" Nonconformists' Memorial.'
>?
Thomas Gouge, minister of St. Sepulchre's, in London, fromtte
year 1638, to 1662, was son of Dr. William Gouge, of Blackfritfi*
He was, throughout his life, a person of exemplary piety; and wi>i
especially in the latter part of it, such an example of charity, V
none but men of fortune, and of enlarged and benevolent minds
like his own, could imitate. He caused many thousand copies (f
the '* Bible," " Church Catechism,'' « Practice of Piety," woi
*' Whole Duty of Man," to be printed in the Welsh language, and
dispersed over Wales ; where he set up three or four hundred
* See Calaiiij^» vol. iii. p. 76.
OF ENGLAND* 69
sdioolf.^ He constaiitly travelled over that country once or twice
t year; where he inspected every thing relating to the schools him-
self, and instructed the people both in public and private. He was
author of several practical books, which he usually distributed gratis
wherever he went. He was a stranger to the narrow bigotry of
sects, and. loved good men of every denomination. He was con-
stantly cheerful, and scarce ever knew what sickness was. He died
in his sleep, with a single groan,t in the year 1681, and the 77th
of his age. His funeral sermon was preached by Dr. Tillotson,
who speaks thus of him : *' There have not, since the primitive
times of Christianity, been many among the sons of men, to whom
the glorious character of the Son of God might be better applied,
that He went about doing good"
WILLIAM JENKIN, (M. A.) ; a small head, in a
plate with several others: — See Jacomb.
William Jenkin. Gibson p. Burder so. In the
" Nonconfof^mists' Memorial.''
William Jenkin, who was by his mother, descended from John
Rogers, the proto-martyr in the reign of Mary, received his edu-
cation at St. John's College, in Cambridge. About the year 1641,
lie was chosen minister of Christ Church, in London, and soon after
lecturer at St. Anne's, Blackfriars* When the Independent fac-
tion prevailed, he was«8uspended from his ministry and deprived of
kis benefice for refusing to observe the public thanksgivings en^-
jomed by the parliament. He afterward embarked in a design
for restoring the king, for which his friend Mr. Love was be-
l^ded : but on presenting a petition to the parliament they voted
ium a pardon. Upon the death of Dr. Gouge, he was chosen mi-
Mister of Blackfriars, which he afterward quitted for the benefice from
which he had been ejected. He, for several years, preached upon
&te names given to Christ in Scripture, and a course of sermons
upon the Epistle of Jude, which he published. Mr. Baxter styles
him a sententious and elegant preacher. He continued to preach in
private after the act of uniformity took place ; and even in, and
* He was assisted by bis friends in these charitable works,
t Ererj one of bis friends were ready to cry oni on this occasion.
Sic niihi coatingat Tiyere, sicque morll
70 BIOGRAPHICAL HISTX>RY
after the year 1682, when the nonconformists were more obnoxioi
to the laws than ever, he went from place to place, and preache
where he thought he could do it with most secrecy.* He was i
length surprised by a party of soldiers, and sent to Newgate ; whe
he died the 19th of Jan. 1684-5. ** He was buried by his frieiw
with great honour ; many eminent persons, and some, scores
mourning coaches attending his funeral."t
THOMAS CASE, (M. A.); a small head, with' 4
veral other s.^ — See J a comb.
Thomas Case, who was educated at Christ Church, in Oxfo:
was one of the assembly of divines in the late reign, and a frequ<
preacher before the. parliament. He distinguished himself by
zeal for the Covenant,]; to which he, with his usual constancy, \
* As the laws, in this reign, were very severe against all religions assemblies wl
were not of the established church, the nonconformists sometimes met in 1
obscure places in the country. There is a tradition, that a congregation of ]
testant dissenters were assembled in a barn, which frequently harboured beg
and other vagrants ; and that the preacher, for want of a ladder or a tub, was
pended in a sack affixed to a beam. He preached that day upon the lastji
jnent, and, towards the close of his sermon, entered up6n a description of the te
of that tribunal. He had no sooner mentioned the " sounding of the trumpet,"
a strolling mimic-trumpeter who lay concealed in the straw, began to exert hini
The congregation, struck with the utmost consternation, fled in an instant from
place ; and left the a£frighted preacher to shift for himself. The effects of his €
are said to have appeared at the bottom of the sack; and to have occasioned-
.opprobrious appellation by which the nonconformists were vulgarly distiDgiUa
This idle story, which was communicated by a dissenting minister, was pro{>i||
throughout the kingdom, in the reign of Charles II.
t Calaihy.
X I cannot help. observing, that there is something so sanguinary in one,' at!
of his sermons, that, like that of Josias How,$ of Trinity College, Oxford, it d
have been printed in red letters. - In the sermon preached before the coart nv
1644, he says, "Noble sirs, imitate God, and be merciful to none that havctsi
of malicious wickedness;" meaning tiie royalists, who were frequently %
maliznants,
O
$ He was a native of Grendon Underwood, Bucks. The sermon, of which
thirty copies were taken, was thus printed by command of Charles I. The 1
H sud to have made a whimsical vow, that if he ever printed any thing, it shoi
in red letters. See Wood's *^ Fasti,'* ii. 56, and Heame's "Glossary to Rob
Gloucester," p. 669. He died in 1701, aged 90. His sermon is mentioned b
a very singular curiosity.. Wood had neyer seen it; but Heame had a copy.
OF ENGLAND. 71
sred. He was jome time minister of St. Mary Magdaleh's, in
KUci-street ; but was ejected thence for refusing the Engagement ;
&d became afterward rector of St. Giles's in the Fields. He was
Qprisoned for six months in the Tower, together with Mr. Jenkin,
hr. Drake, and Mr. Watson, for conspiring against the Independent
oremment : this was commonly called Love's plot. They appear
> have been equally engaged in a design to restore the king ; but
Qy except Love, were pardoned upon their submission. He first
Bgan the morning exercise, or lecture, which was long continued
t Cripplegate, and other parts of the city. He died the 30th of
[ay, 1682, in the 84th year of his age, after having survived every
He of the dissenters that sat in the assembly of divines. His
orks are chiefly sermons. Mr. Baxter styles him ^' an old, faith-
d servant of God.''
SIMEON ASHE ; a small head, with a scull. It is
I the same plate with that of Jacomb, Sgc.
Simeon Ashe, who was educated at Emmanuel College, in Cam-
idge, under Dr. Stooker, was intimate with Hildersham, Dod,
all, Langley, and other nonconformists eminent in their day. . He
cercised his ministry in London for about three-and-twenty years.
jtthe time of the civil war, he was chaplain to the Earl of War-
ick. As he was a man of fortune and character, his influence
as great among the Presbyterians. He had no inconsiderable
ind in the restoration of Charles the Second. Dr. Calamy speaks
Thim as a man of sanctity, benevolence, and hospitality. '' He
as," says that author, ^' a Christian of primitive simplicity, and a
onconformist of the old stamp." How far the narrow bigotry of
sect, and acrimony of railing, may accord with '' primitive sim-
(idty," I leave the reader to judge. I am very certain that he
roves himself to be a nonconformist of the old stamp by bitter invec-
res ' against the conforming clergy, whom he calls ^^ bUnd seers,
Je drones, misguiding ' guides, and scandalous ministers, who
lacked 'down more with their foul hands than they built up with
ueir fair tongues."* 06. 1662. He published Ball's wor^s, and
fveral sermons of his own composition. The reader is referred to
^alker and Calamy for the particulars of his character.
* Sermon before the Commons, 1643.
72 BIOGRAPHICAL HISTORY
THOMAS LYE, (M. A.) ; a mall head, with i
veral others. See Jacomb. Mr. Wood says this hc<
is very like him.
Thomas Lye, who was some time a servitor at Wadham CoUe]
m Oxford, was, in the time of the interregnum, made ministei
Chard, in Somersetshire ; whence he was ejected for refufii^
swear contrary to the Covenant. In 1658, he became pastoi
All-hallows church, in Lombard -street, London ; and was, the n
year, made one of the approvers of ministers, as he had been
fore in Somersetshire. He was famous for catechising childi
and writing books for their instruction. His manner of instruct
was so engaging, that the children came with eagerness to be
techised by him. His " Explanation of the shorter Catecbif
and his " Child's Delight," have been often printed. Mr. W<
in his account of his sermons, says he has one in '^ The Mon
Exercise at St. Giles's in the Fields, near London, in May, 16
. Lond. 1676, 4to. In which " Morning Exercise," one John T\
son* hath also a sermon. Oh. 7 July, 1684.
THOMAS WATSON, &c. (M. A.) J. Sturt sc
Thomas Watson. V. Hove; prefixed to his ^
of Contentment j'' 1662 ; 8vo.
Thomas Watson, who was educated at Emmanuel Colleg
Cambridge, was minister of St* Stephen's Walbrook, in Loi
where he was much admired as a preacher; and his powie
praying extempore, are said to have been very extraordinary.
Calamy tells us, that Bishop Richardson, before the Bartholi
act took place, went to hear him on a lecture day, and was
taken with his sermon, but more with his prayer aflter ; that li
lowed him home to thank him, and beg a copy of the prayer
fimt the prelate was surprised, when he told him it was not p
ditated. His '^ Art of Divine Contentment'' has been o
printed than any of his works. After his death, was publish
* This one John TilkUon reiembles much the one Walpole of Dr. Swift* in ]
Four Years of Qaeen Anne. But Swift improves upon it by bis Apology foi
made mention of a person so obscure. Bishop Burnet was censored for baTi*
one Prior.
OF ENGLAND. 73
i Body of Divinity, or Coarse of Sermons," 1692, folio, to which
iH portrait is prefixed.*
~ SAMUEL CLARKE, (Sen'.) M. 50, 1649; in
^hair ; four English verses; prefixed to his " Lives of
tie Fathers y" S^c. 1650 ; 4to. T. Cross sc.
, Samuel Clarke. R. Gaywoodf. 4to.
; Samuel Clarke. R. White sc. h, sh.
Samuel Clarke, JEt. 75, Oct. 10, 1674. Bin-
mnan sc. Before his " Looking-glass for Persecutors.''
Samuel Clarke, &c. W. Tringham sc. h. sh.
»
Samuel Clarke. J. Dunstall sc. half sheet.
Samuel Clarke, Mt. 50, 1649 ; in a cap. Cross sc.
Samuel Clarke, JEt. 65, 1664; larger ; prefiwed
to his " Martyrology /' Ato. T. Cross sc.
Samuel Clarke ; 4to. Dahlpinv. (Spilsbujy.)
Samuel Clarke, a preacher and writer of considerable note, was,
daring the interregnum, and at the time of the ejection, minister of
8t Bennet Fink, in London. In November, 1660, he, in the name
d the Presbyterian ministers, presented an address of thanks to
fte king, for his declaration for liberty of conscience. He was one
of the commissioners at the Savoy, and behaved on that occasioa
iridi great decency and moderation. ^* He sometimes attended
die church as a hearer and a communicaut."t He was much
ttteemed by all that knew him, for his great probity and industry.
He died the 25th of Dec. 1682. His works were much in vogue
Mong ordinary readers. The author and his bookseller seem ta.
* Br. Doddridge, in his ** Life of Col. Gardiner/' p. 31, edit 1747, mentions a
M, mitten by Watson, unth this or the like title : '< The Christian Soldier,, or
y Bmich taken bj Stonn/' which was the book in which the colonel had been read.
).' ^jvt before bu manrellous con? ersion.
tCilamj.
74: BIOGRAPHICAL HISTORY
have been thoroughly informed of this secret, " That a taking tih
page becomes much more taking, with an engraved frontispiece t
fore it; and that little pictures, in the body of the book, are gr<
embellishments to style and matter/' Mr. Clarke was more a coi
piler than an author. His name was anagrammatized to Su (c)i
Cream, alluding to his taking the best parts of those books fn
which he made his collections. The most valuable of his niimer<
works are his " Lives of the Puritan Divines, and other Persons
Note ;" in which are some things not to be found in other memdj
Twenty-two of these lives are printed with his " Martyrolog
The rest are in his " Lives of sundry eminent Persons in this lal
Age," 1683, folio ;* and in his " Marrow of Ecclesiastical Histoi
folio and 4to.
SAMUEL CLARKE, M- A. natus Nov. 12, Iffi
R. White ad vivum sc. h. sh.
This person was the son of the former, and much superior
him in parts and learning. He was fellow of Pembroke Hall,
Cambridge, but was ejected from his fellowship for refusing to t
the Engagement. He was also ejected "afterward, from his rector
Grendon, in Buckinghamshire, He applied himself early to]|the st
of the Scriptures ; and the books which he published, as help
others in the same course of study, are so maiiy proofs of his
dustry and abilities. His " Annotations on the Bible,V printed
gelher with the sacred text, was the great work of his life,
commended in very high terms by Dr. Owen and Mr. Baxter, \
mborious and judicious performance ; and in still higher, by
Calamy, who says, that it ** bears the lively signatures oi
^Xact learning, singular piety, and indefatigable industry; and
been valued by good judges, of different sentiments and per
sions, considering the brevity of the parts, and entireness of
whole, as the best single book upon the Bible in the world."
Kds biBcn ah excellent fund for some modern commentators,
hatve republished a great part of it, with very little alteration .»
ftiing is' more common at present, than to buy old books of div
at three-pence a pound, and retail them to the public at tl
« . , • • • •
* In the preface to this book» in which are several portraits, is the' life 4
author, written by lihnself. It appears by this account, that he was' the most
ful and Toluminons compiler of his age.
OF ENGLAND. 76
hffUpence a sheet. Ob. Feb. 24, 1 700-1 > JSt. 15. He has been
confounded with Samuel Clarke, a celebrated orientalist, of whom
there is an account, in <* Athen. Oxon." II. Col. 456.
THOMAS WADSWORTH, M. A. R. White sc.
"Before his " Remains T 1680 ; small 8vo.
Thomas Wadsworth received his education at Christ's College,
in Cambridge, where he was under the care of Mr. Owtram, a tutor
of 'eminence. He was, at the restoration, minister of Newington
Botts, where he not only spent his time, but a great part of his
fortune, in works of piety and charity. He distributed Bibles among
the poor, and constantly visited his parishioners, and instructed
tiiem from house to house. He was, at the time of the ejection,
minister of St. Laurence Poultney, in London, and afterward
preached privately at Newington, Theobald's, and "Southwark.
He received nothing for his labours, but was content to spend and
h spent in his great Master's service. His " Diary," printed at the
end of his " Life,'* contains the strongest proofs of his being an
excellent Christian : and it is no less evident, from his practical
Works, that he strove to make others as good Christians as himselE
he died of the stone, the 29th of Oct. 1676. His composure imder
the tortures of his distemper was such, as shewed his patience to
be, at least, equal to the rest of his virtues. -
HENRICUS NEWCOME, M. A. Mancuniensis.
R. White sc. 4to.
Heqry Newcome, of St. John's College, in Cambridge, was some
|imp rector of Gausiyorth, in Cheshire, whence, in 1656, h^ re-
moved to Maihchester. He was a man of parts and learning, of
great humanity and modesty, and admired as a preacher by all
that ever heard him. When he was no longer permitted to preach,
he applied himself diligently to writing, spid published discourses
on several religious subjects. He was also author of ^* A faithful
•Narrative of the Life and Death of that holy and laborious Preacher^
Mr. John Machin, late of Astbury, in Cheshire;" 1671 ; 8vo. In
die latter part of his life, he preached at a chapel on the south side
•f the town of Manchester, ^hich was built on purpose for hmL
Ob. Sept. 1695, JEt. 68.
76 BIOGRAPHICAL HISTORY
JAMES JANEWAY, (M. A.) four verses, *' Tm
'made no furrows" Sgc. 12mo.
James Janeway. Van Hove sc. l2mo.
»
James Janeway, together with the heads of Edr
Calamyy Ralph Venning^ and Jos. Caryl. Be/a
*^ Saints' Memorials, S^c. being a Collection of dive.
Sentences,'' 1674 ; Svo. — All these persons had a hai
in this book.
James Janeway was the son of a clergyman in Hertfordshii
and the third of five brothers, who were all bred to the minist
In 1655, he became a student of Christ Church, in Oxford, a
soon after the restoration, minister of Rotherhithe, in Surrey. 1
was a young man of great industry and strictness of life, and ]
preaching is said to have been attended with signal effects up
many, especially in the time of the plague, when he entered h
the deserted pulpits, and preached to great numbers : he also ms
it his business to visit the sick. Mr. Wood, who says '* he ^
admired for a forward and precious young man, especially by th<
of the female sex,'^ has omitted this circumstance of his life« 1
labours, which were too many for his delicate constitution, are «
to have hastened his death, which happened on the 16th of Mar
1673-4. A considerable number of his sermons are in print,
ali^o published the Life of his elder brother, John, a young mail
extraordinary piety : " A Token for Children," often printed. 1
" Legacy to his Friends," before which is his portrait, conta
twenty-seven famous instances of God's providence^ in and ab
sea-dangers and deliverances, &c. 1674?; 8vo. See more of 1
in his funeral sermon by Ryther, before which is his print.
RALPH VENNING, with several other heads. S
the above article.
Ralph Venning, &c. (M. A,) who died the 10'*
March, 1S73-4, in the year of his age, 63. Hollar
12mo.
OF ENGLAND. 77
Halph Venmng, who had been educated at Emmanuel College,
in Cambridge, was, before the ejection, lecturer of the church of
St Olave, in Southwark, where he was in high repute for his preach-
ing. He was, in his charity sermons, a powerful advocate for the
poor, among whom he distributed annually some hundreds of
pounds. His oratory on this topic is said to be almost irresistible ;
as some have gone to church with a resolution not to give, and
have been insensibly and involuntarily melted into compassion, and
bestowed their alms with uncommon liberality. As he was a man
of no faction himself, men of di£Perent factions and religions were
generally disposed to do justice to his character. He was author
of the nine practical treatises, which are all specified by Dr.
Calamy.
HENRY STUBBES, (or Stubbe) (M. A.) Ob.
July 7, 1678 ; ML 73 ; \2mo.
Henry Stubbes, who, according to Mr. Wood, was educated at
Magdalen Hall,* or, according to Dr. Calamy, at Wadham College,
in Oxford, was, for many years, a minister of very considerable
note. He exercised his ministry at Wells, in Somersetshire ; after-
ward at Dursley and Horsley, in Gloucestershire : but, in the latter
part of his life, he resided altogether in London. Here he preached
almost every day, and some days twice. He was one of the most
moderate and generally respected of the noncc^pformists ; as he
loved, so he seemed to be beloved of all good men. Dr. Calamy
says ^' he lived like an incarnate angel f' and Mr. Baxter his inti-
mate friend, has, in the " Narrative of his own Life," and the ser-
mon which he preached at his funeral, represented him as a man of
great sanctity of life, and a blessing to those parts of the kingdom
in which he lived. '' I scarce remember, says he, the man that I
ever knew, that served God with more absolute resignation and de-
votedness, in simplicity end godly sincerity ; living like the primitive
Christians, without any pride or worldly motive ; or in whose case
1 had rather die.'* — Dr. Calamy and Mr. Wood have given us a
list of his practical works ; but they have both omitted the follow-
ing : '< Two Epistles to the professing Parents of baptized Children,'*
written a little before his death, in 1678.
•" Athep. Oxon," ii. coll. 668. .
78 BIOGRAPHICAL HISTORY
CHRISTOPHER NESSE, (M. A.) minister of i
gospel in Fleet-street, London ; Mt. 56, 1678 ; Svo.
Christopher Nesse, who wag some time of St. John's Coljege, ;
Cambridge, was a minister in several noted tow^ in Yorksluvf
particularly at Leeds, where, at the time of the ejection, hjB i^
lecturer to Dr. Lake, afterward bishop of Chichester. There hf
been, for some time, a bickering betwixt the doctor and the lecturf
yi\iO preached with warmth against each other's doctrine.^ Aft
the passing of the Five Mile Act, he preached in several of th^vi
{ages about Leed^. In 1675, he was in great danger of b^
gPQt to prison; which occasioned his flyings to Lopdoq, where I
became minister to a private congregation, and spent a great g§
of his time in writing. The chief of his works, which are numerov
are his " History and Mystery of the Old and New Testameni
^z.* in four volumes folio; and his" Church History from A^^b
1681. John Dunton, the bookseller, tells us, that he wrote for hi
** The Life of Pope Innocent XI. ^' of which the whole impressi
sold oflPin a fortnight. f His style is but very indifferent. Qh^,'
Pec. 1705, m. 84.
J. FORBES, (M. A) four English verses, '' Heth
views Forbes' s face,'' Sgc. i2mo.\
James Forbes descended from an honourable family in Scotlai
was educated at Aberdeen, where he took the degree of master
arts, and was afterward admitted to the same degree at Oxfor
tn 1654, he began to exercise his ministry at Gloucester, where
■preached in the cathedral for six years, and exerted himself so mm
that his life was apparently in danger. He was strongly persuac
by Dean Frampton, afterward bishop of Gloucester, to confo
to the church; but persisted in his nonconformity. H^ was.v
assiduous in preaching privately, when he could no longer prei
in public ; which occasioned his being several times imprison
and once for a whole year. He was, as to his tenets, a strict C
vinist, and an Independent. He was liberal and charitable U
degree beyond his circumstances, and was greatly respected for
^'■^* T^e reader wiU find ^9196, things well worth his notice in tiiese volnnif s.
t Dunton's *' IJfeV*
X There is a print from the same plate, with the name of Murford oil it, concen
whom, after particular search, I cannot find the least mention. The verses ni
the head denote him a poel* ^ Caiamy.
OF ENGLAND. 79
ming and pMy. He died the Slst of May, 1712, in the 83d
IT of his age, and lies buried at Gloucester, where he constantly
dded in the latter part of his life. " He was* off and on," as Dr.
lamy tells us, •* fifty-eight years minister in that city." The
mt considerable of his works is his ** Christian directed in the
ay to Heaven."
NATHANAEL VINCENT, (M.A.) &c. R. White
Un. et sc. Before his " True Touchstone of Grace
\d Nature,'' 1681 ; small 8vo.
Tfi&thaniel Vincent, who received his education at Christ Church,
Oitfordy became a member of that university at eleven years of
:e; and, when he was about eighteen, took the degree of master
arts. *We are Informed by Mr. Wood, that before he took that
tjgrl^ he was an eitravagant and dissolute young man; but that
terWaVd he was visibly reformed, arid was appointed chaplain in
dinary to King Charles II.» He soon became a very noted
eacher and writer ; and as he was one of the most assiduous, so he
as also one of the most unfortunate of his nonconforming brethren.
e was several times imprisoned, and heavily fined for holding con-
Atieles ; and was once sentenced to suffer three years' imprison-
ent, and then banishment, in pursuance of an act made in the
>th of Elizabeth. But his counsel finding a fiaw in the indict-
erit, the sentence was never carried into execution. He difetin-
nished himself by preaching amidst the ruins after the fire of
ondon, where multitudes assembled to hear him, many of whose
>fisciences were awakened by that dreadful calamity.! He 'died
1 1697. He was author of many sermons, and other practical
ieces of divinity.
'* Mr. Wood iayst that he preached before the king at Newmarket in a long
eriwig, &c. adcdrding to the then fashion for gentlemen, and that his majesty
as much offended at it, &c. &c.
t Thomas Vincent, his brother, a man of a similar character, exerted himself on
le same occasion; as he did also in the time of the- pestilence, when he con-
waAy preached and visited the sick, but escaped the distemper himself. He was
Bthor of ■'* God's terrible Voice to the City by Plague and Fire;" and published
oother book of the like kind, occasioned by an eruption of Mount ^tna, en-
itled, *' ^ire And Brimstone ; I. From Heaven, in tlie burning of Sodom and
hMnorrah' formerly; II. From Earth, in the burning of Mount j£tna lately;
h. from Hdl, in the burning of the wicked- eternally;** 1670; 8vo. I have
lentioned this book, as it is not specified in the list of his works by Dr. Cali^y;
80 BIOGRAPHICAL HISTORY
GEORGE GRIFFITH, M. A. R.White sc. Ah
The print, which is anonymous, is known by thi
inscription :
" Most gladly would I learn, and gladly teach."
Mr. George Griffith, who was educated at Emmanuel College, i
Cambridge,* was, before the ejection, a preacher at the Charte
house, and a weekly lecturer at St. Bartholomew's, behind tl
Exchange. In 1654, he was added to the number of those divirn
who were appointed commissioners for the approbation or rejectic
of ministers, and who were distinguished by the name of Triers
Dr. Calamy informs us, that he was much followed in the form
part of his life, for his " great invention and devotion in prayer
but that when he was advanced in years, his congrjBgation decline
The same author, who makes no mention of any thing written I
him, gives us also to understand, that he was a man of an agreeab
conversation and polite behaviour.
*
The Rev. Mr. BAXTER ; from an original in t
possession of the Rev. Mr. Benjamin Fawcety at Ki
derminster. Spilsbury f h. sh. mezz.
Richard Baxter ; a book on a table before hit
eight English verses ; Ato.
Richardus Baxterus, A". 1670, JSf, 55. .
White sc.
Richardus Baxterus, &c. eight English vers
Before his " Poor Man's Family Book,'' 1674 j 8vo.
* This appears from Kennel's " Register and Chronicle/' p. 933, 934. '
person of both his names mentioned by Dr. Calaray, as taking his master's de^
in 1726, was afterward bishop of St. Asaph..
t These Triers for the most part brought the test to a short issue« If a mini
readily gave up the five points of Arminius, embraced the tenets of CaJ?iii»
y/M orthodox in politics, he was generally qualified to hold any benefice in
church.
OF ENGLAND. 81
•
RiCHARi>us Baxterus, ftc. eight English verges.
R. White sc. Before his " Catholic Theology^' 1676 ;
folio,
RicHARDus Baxterus, JEt. 62. JR. White sc.
h. sh*
Richard Baxter. J. Riley del. J. Caldwall sc.
Inthe " Nonconformists' Memorial
Richard Baxter, M. 76. T. D. to his " Call to
the VnconveHed ;'' \2mo. 1696.
Richard Baxter; six verses; JEt. 76. J. Dra^
fmtier; scarce ; foL
Richard Baxter. V. Hone; to his " Funeral Ser-
mon and Life ;" foL
Richard Baxter, JEt. 76, J. Sturt.
Richard Baxter. G. Vertue sc. 8vo.
Richard Baxter. R. White sc. to his '^ Life and
ff^orks;' 1696 ;fol.
Richard Baxter ; tuith a scull; 12mo.
RiCHARDUs Baxterus. Arthur Soly sc. 1683; \2mo^
Richard Baxter was a man famous for weakness of body and
strength of mind ; for having the strongest sense of religion him-
self, and exciting a sense of it in the thoughtless and the profligate ;
for preaching more sermons, engaging. in more controversies, and
wtiting more books, than any other nonconformist of his age. He
spoke, disputed, and wrote with ease ; and discovered the same in-^
tiepidity when he reproved Cromwell, and expostulated with
Charles II. as when he preached to a congregation of mechanics.
His zeal for religion was extraordinary, but it seems never to have
prompted him to faction, or carried him to enthusiasm. This
VOL. V. M *
82 BIOGRAPHICAL HISTORY
«
champion of the Presbyterians was the common butt ef men of Cfeqf
other religioni and of those who were of no religion al dl« M
this had very little effect upon him : his presence and his fini-
ness of mind on no occasion forsook him. He was just the ssni
man before he went into a prison, while he was in it, and wfas> iie
came out of it ; and he maintained a uniformity of character ^
the last gasp of his life. His enemies have placed him in hdi; M
every man who has not ten times the bigotry that Mr. Baxter kinH
self had, must conclude that he is in a better place. This is a voy
faint and imperfect sketch of Mr. Baxter^s character: menofUi
size are not to be drawn in miniature. His portrait, in full prop^
tion, is in his *^ Narrative of his own Life and Times %^ which,
though a rhapsody composed in the manner of a diaty, oontldoil
great variety of memorable things, and is itself, as *far as it goes^
a history of nonconformity. Hid " Catholic Theology,** and hi«
** Saints* Everlasting Rest," are the most considerable of bis wn- '
tings, which consist of a hundred and forty-five different treatises.
His ** Call to the Unconverted" has been oftener printed than
any of his works.* See the following reign.
MATTH^US MEAD, 1663. R. White sc. Before
his " Good of early Obedience^'' 1683; 8w. Thereisa
copy of this by Nutting, prefixed to his " Young Man's
Remembrancer^^' a book not mentioned by Dr. Calaimj.
Matt. Mead, M. 60, 1691. R. White sc. fol.
Matthew Mead descended from a good family in Buckingham-
shire, was some time minister of Brickhill, in that county ; whence
he removed to Stepney, near London, where he resided the greater
part of his life. He was long a very eminent preacher^ and of no
* Baxter was the chief of the commissioners for the Presbyterians, at the con-
ference held at the Savoy ; the issue of which was, that both parties were mac&
farther from a comprehension than thej were before it began.
At p. 54 of Archdeacon Sharp's " Visitation Charges/Mn tile notes. Is Hm foi^
lowing passage, sabjoined to that part of the charge where the author apeaks can*
Cierning the admission of schismatics, not lying under ecclesiastical censoces, to tb« 1
saciiament. ** This matter was thoroughly considered in the case of Mr. Richaid
Baxter, the ^mous nonconformist, if he may be called so, who constantly attended
the church-senriee and sacrament in die parish where he lived, at those times when
be was not engaged at his own meetiog*heo8e.'^
. Ot ENGLAND. 83
flnalt HOte as a eadukt tuid a writep; hisF ^ Almost ChHsdaa/' beiii|f
esfiMmed'an exceUenl pdrfoniMmoe. Though he was accotmted a
iMdoas BODCoaformkt, he neyer meddled with controversiesi bul
was extremely derarous of a union of all \4siUe Christians.* He
was, among other innocent persons, accused aa an accomplice in
die Rye-house plot ; upon which he fled into Holland, and carried
his son Richard with him, whom he placed under an excellent
schoolmaster. This son, who was the eleventh of hift thirteeif
chfldren, rose to great eminence in the profession of physic, and
WHS- many 3^FS physician to George II. After his return to Eng-
land, he was summoned to appear before the privy council, where
he very fully vindicated his innocence, and was presently discharged.
He died on the 16th of Oct. 1699* Mr. John Howe, who preached
bis funeral sermons, represent him as a man of exemplary conduct
in every relation of life.
JOHN FLAVEL, M. 60, 1680. R. White sc. 4to.
JoHi^ Flavel, .^. 5&, 1689. R. White sc. Svo.
John Flavel. V. Gucht; to his " Worfcs;'' foL
JoHir Fi*AVEi^ X Caldwali sc. In the ^^Noncon-
formists* Memorial.''
John Flavel. R. Cooper sc. folio.
John Flavel^ who was educated at University College, in Oxford,
was minister of Deptford^ and afterward at Dartmoudi, in Devon-
shire^ whefe he resided the greatest part of his life. He wrote
many pieces of practical divinity, some of which were calculated for
sailors ; particularly his ^* Navigation spiritusilized, or a New
Compass for Seamen, consisting of thirty-two Points of pleasant
Observations, and serious Reflections^ 8vo. to which are subjoined
spiritual PQems^'^ He waa^ al^ author of 'V Husbandry spiritual*
ized, &c. to which are added Occasional Meditations upon Beasts,
BMf , Trees, Flowers, Rivers^ and severail other objects,''t 8vo.
He waa long a ccmstant and frequent preacher^ and was thought Xa
* Sermoii at his fbneral, by Mr. John Howe.
\ See the note oaier tke-arUc^ of Dr. Co£i.iko8» in ihis. GIms..
W BIOGRAPHICAL HISTORY
bave a good talent that way. Part of his Diaiy, printed with |
Remains, must give the reader a high idea of his piety. Thoii^
he was generally respected at Dartmouth, yet, in 1685, several:
the aldermen of that place, attended by the rabble, carried abov^
ridiculous effigy of him, to which were affixed the Covenant, cm
the Bill of Exclusion. He thought it prudent at that time to wBi
draw from the town, not knowing what treatment he might dtm
witli himself, from a riotous mob, headed by magistrates who w^ei
themselves among the lowest of mankind* Ob. 26 June, 1691
iC#« 61* His works were printed after his death, in two yolum^
folio.
W. EDMUND TRENCH. M. Beak p. R. White sc
MottiK ** /w Simplicity m^d goodly Sincerity.^ Befm
Ai4^ Lific. drmr$f ont of his ok-h Diary, 1693 ; 12mo.
I^wimA TWttch. wbeft lie was about sixteen years of age^ wa
$^l ti> Q^ii^nV Colk^, in Cambridge, whence lie lemored t
Mij^g4akn Hall, in 0:clfe(tU wImk he stayed abont two years« H
atlWrw^Mvl $t»iik><i pK\^ dUK>«i : bnt 1^ inclination leading ba
;^|i^$4^r^ |H> tW WMnbiv^ He was
wiMi vi^lT iW^ $iMC«a^^$t y*^% ^'"^ a|ifK«ikr$ «> Wtc been verj sensibl
«(IIS^<ti^iwiiAtWMttit^«N4ii^^ Bi
4li«^«$)^ >K^(^ Mii^ ^iK'nii^l i?c W bft^^ $qL^t»ii|iKnt comfcact. He spei
Wi^ ^vw^^ Mi4 |>^Mf <!4' lkA$ i^xr^txuii^. va i^ exH^c^ oC bis ministi]
^^^ik i|i^ ?^ «^wi^ x^^w^ t!b^ «»inii£i fnot «f lbBia«ne,aDiPQri
^ H'^hi^N llif$; l>^«nrs >dbk^ ^«;a^ wrt^aea liair l» pmate at
)fm^ V/Mir>ni^ amn^ )i<^^ ^ifti^^ ^ii^tifi «»9 «^f ^a mtialke «a&. Ofc. Iboi
lNl>l»^ l^t|ti>ii>)i$ii^ >«9^ !it^^ ¥>^p^^imK 4nid ^Aamaa^ tf Gi
OF ENGLAND. 85
H^ Calslmy, a very strong impulse on his mind of the approach of
.eath ; and took a formal leave of his friends at their own houses,
little before his departure : and the last night of his life, he sent
Is Discourse concerning Angels to the press. The next day he
hut himself up in his parlour, where, to the great surprise and
egret of all that saw him, he was found just expiring. Ob. 1663-4,
Ef. 72. Dr. Calamy says> that it is much to be lamented that there
le no particular memoirs of his life.
EDWARD PEARSE, M. 40, 1673. R. White sc.
[2mo. Before his ''Last Legacy y'' which is the second
■dition of his " Beams of Divine Glory T
Edward Pearse, whom Dr. Calamy styles " a most affectionate
ind useful preacher,'', was ejected from St. Margaret's, Westmin-
ster, when the Act of Uniformity took place. He was author of se-
veral practical treatises ; the most noted of which is entitled, " The
jreat Concern, or a serious Warning to a timely and thorough Pre-
3aration for Death,"^ &c. which was frequently distributed at fune-
rals. ' It has been reprinted above twenty times. He earnestly
>rayed, in his last illness, that something of his might be useful after
\is decease ; ** which prayer," says Dr. Calamy, " was remarkably
mswered in the signal success of this little book.'' Ob. 1673,
Et. 40-*
GULIELMUS SHERWIN, &c. W. Shertcin sc.
We learn from the Latin inscription on this print, that
the engraver was the eldest son of the plerson repre-
sented, and that he was made royal engraver by
patent. The head is prefixed to his " Clavis," &c.
4to. 1672.
• There vas another Edward Pearse, who was author of ** The Conformist's Plea
for the Nonconformists,*' who has been confounded with the person above men-
tioned. I take tfau to be the mimster of Cottesbrook, in Northamptonshire, whom
Wood, vol. ii. coll. 999, calls " a conforming nonconformist.** That the author of
the «• Ptea" really conformed is apparent from South*s " Sermons," vol. vi. p. 33,
from Kcraiet*8 " Register and Chronicle," p. 755, and from Neale's " ETistorj of the
Pttritans/' f oU IV, p. 508. •
86 BIOGRAPHICAL HISTORY
William Sherwin, minitler of Wallingtoa, in Hertfofdshiiey'aod
lecturer of Baldocki in that county, applied himielf to the study of ^
the abstrosest parts of scripture, on which he has pubUslied senni
books* He particularly studied the obscure propheciM of Danid^
and St John in the Apocalypse ; and was much bigoted tohitail-
lennial notions.
WILLIAM DYER, M. 27 ; 12w(?.
William D.yer was minister of Cholesbury, in Bucking^iamshire,
whence he was ejected, in 1662, for nonconformity. He was au-
thor of sermcms on several subjects, printed in smsdl rolumes, vk
commonly sold among chapmen's books. His '^ GHttpse of Sioi/li
Qlory,'* which contains the substance of several sermons upon Ber.
xiv. 4, is dedicated to the parishioners of Cholesbury. His ^' Chriitlii
famous Titles, and a Believer's Golden Chain,'^. are in anoiM
small volume. His ^* Christ^s Voice to London,'^ &c. contains tirf
sermons preached in the time of the plague,* He turned Qoafal
in the latter part of his life, and lies interred in the burying-gronna
in Southwark. Oh. April, 1696, Mt. 60.
It
£
THOMAS COLE; chak, short handy Ato.^mezxJ^^
V. Spriett sc.
Thomas Cole ; an etching.
Thomas Cole was author of several sermonil,. printed in the Sup-
{detnent to the ** Morning £xerctse at Cripplegate," and in tke
" Casuistical Morning Exercise." See Letsome's " Preacbei'i
Assistant-'^
NATHANAEL PARTRIDGE ; mezz. 4to.
Nathaniel Partridge was minister at St. Alban's : Dr. Calamy
supposes that he belonged to St. MichaeVs, and that he was ejected
in 1662,
Mr. JOHN GOSNOLD, minister of lie goapel,
* His works, wliich are much in the style of Bunyau, were reprinted in 1761.
OF ENGLAND. 87
fcc. ** Of whom the world was not worthy.'' Van
Bave sc. l2mo.
John GosnoU) who wb» an Anabaptist preacher in London of
•one note, was educated at Pembroke Hall, in Cambridge. He
particularly exerted himself against Socinianism. He died, much
r^retted by hb flock^ 1676, in the fifty-third year of his age.*
HANSARD KNOLUS, minister of the gospel,
iged 67 years ; smail Sw.
Hansard Knollis, jEt. 93. J. H. v. Hove ; pre-
Hansard Knollis, who was several times convened before the
Mnmittee for preaching Andnodaianism and AndpsBdobaptismy
iWftEg been prohibited from preaching in public chuecfaes, opened
: deparate congregation in Great S. Helen's, which was soon supt-
VQSsed.f It appears from bis book on the 1 1th chapter of the Reve*-
Uion, which he published in this reignj that he was strongly tine*
Ured with Quakerism. He was author of '^ A Flaming Fire 'm
Sion," in answer to Mr« Saltmarsh's book, entitled *^ The Smoke in
be Temple.^' If the reader should have patience to peruse these
Wo very singular pieces, he will most probably be of opinion, that
bere is much more smoke than fire in them both.
I take the two following persons to be dissenting ministers, but
enow nothing of their personal history. They may perhaps belong
JO a subsequent reign.
JOSUA MOONE; hair, coif, short band with
strings, a black loose robe^ arms. Motto, " Quid retri-
huam Domino/' At bottom^ ^ Mediis tranguillics in
undis.'' R. White ad vivum delin.
JOHN HOPWOOD, M. 26, 1676. John Dra-
penti^r^c.
• Ca!iU6y if Neale, Hi. p. 163. X 1<579.
BIOGRAPHICAL HISTORY
HUGH PETERS, Oct. IGGO; M. G\ ; l2mo.
" Lo here the dictates of a dying man '.
Mark welt hia note I who like the expiring swan.
Wisely presaging her approaching doom.
Sings in soft charms her epicedium.
Such, such, were his; who was a shining lamp,
Which, though extinguish'd by a fatal damp.
Yet his last breathings shall, like incense hurl'd
On sacred altars, so perfume the world,
That tlie next will admire, and out of doubt.
Revere that torch-light which this age put out."*
Before his " Last Legacy to his Daughter." Tm
prints before different editions of the book.
Hugh Peters, together with his brethren the regicides, went
his execution with an air of triumph, rejoicing that he was to sot
in so good a cause. It appears from this instance, and many otherf,
that Ihe presumption of an enthusiast is much greater than that ol
a saint. The one is always humble, and works out his sahatioit BtA'
fear andtrcmblaig ; the other is arrogant and assuming, and seem
to demand it as his right. This portrait maybe degraded to thi
twelfth Class. — See the Ikterregnum.
ROBERT TRAILL, minister of Gray -Friars
church, Edinburgh ; from an original picture paintti
during his exile in Holland, and now in the possession 4
the Right Honourable the Earl of Buchan. R. Wil-
kinson; 8yo.
RoBEET Traill. E. Harding ; 8tw.
• Lord Clarendon observe!, that the fanalics " discovered a wonderful raalipiq
in tiieir discoutaes, and yows of revenge for tlieir innoceot frienda, (llie tegi
Thej caused the gpeeches (hej made at their dealbi to be printed, in which lbeit|
waa nothing ot a repentance or sorrow for their wickedrets ; but a jostiBca
what they had done for the canse of Gad." They bad their meetings to toanll
ahout refeoge, and hoped that Ihc disbanded arm; would hare espouied Ib(ir|
cause. See llie " Continuation of Lord Clarendon's ZMe," p. 134, 135.
kk.
ol> I'JB
ry{sy
/■uiii^hiJ ./-"I yrf/Qa. iy JvrJ^i,f<^^J'-^». is-/^ fi^^m JV:'siS!ra«J.
OF ENGLAND.
(bH Traill tvaj a rigid CalviniEt, and one of the most eloquent
Amis prt-aciiers smong the covenanters. He wa* one of tlia
kers who atleniled the Marquis of Montrose to the scafTutd,
t view rather to insult, than console that great mnn, on the
nte occasion. Soon after the restoration he was ejected
a sUaation of minister of the Gray-Friai's church, in Etlin-
b t and sought personal safety by flight into Holland, i
EIGYMEN OF THE CHURCH OF ROME.
aOMAS PHILIPPUS HOWARDUS, &c. car-
} de Norfolcia. A'icolo Bj/ii sc. large sh.
I copy by Clotiet, Ato*
Philippus Howard, cardinalis de Norfolk. A^.
Wiw sc. " Offerebant Alumni Angto-Duacenl ;" k.sli,
Vo/n a private plate in the possession of the Hon..
Charles Howard, of Grei/slock, esq. author of the " His-
^orieal Anecdotes of some of the Howard Family"^
TnoHAS Howard, cardinal, &c. Du Chalcl p.
IfSWwtr Bruggenf. mezz. k. sh.^
i|[6aAS Philip Howard, &c. Poilly ; sh.
BOUAS Philip Howakd, &:c. Zucchi; sh.
HOMAS Philip Howard, &c. mezz. sitting in a
Du Chatel. J. F. Leonart sc. scarce.
Thomas Philip Howard, third sou of Henry, earl of Arundel, and
lUDger brother to Henry, duke of Norfolk, went abroad with hi«
k. ■ In " VitM Poiilif. & Cicdinal." RoniD, 1731, 3 vul. fol.
t Now in tha pQeii's^iun of llie Dtike uC Nnifolk.
it At Lord Spencer's, Bt\VinibieclDQ,iii»fineportTail,bjBnl)ens, mid to be (rf
Clidinitl Kowiinl, who did not a»ume the purple till the ^eai IBTh; but Kubctu,
e ondoubtedly psinled the picture, died in 1640.
VOL. V. N
9.0
BIOGRAPHICAL HISTORY
grandfather, Thomas, earl of Arundel, in the time of the cifil wir)
and at about fifteen years of age, entered into a conyent of DomiaH'
cans at Cremona. In May, 1675, he was, by the interest of Cardind
Altieri, advanced to the purple. It is probable that the pope htil
a view of promoting the Catholic cause in England by bis means;
as the Duke of York, the heir to the crown, was professedty of tfatt
religion. He was sometimes called the cardinal of England, as Car-
dinal Allen was formerly ; and was the only Englishman raised br
that dignity, since the reign of Elizabeth. He was a man of an-
gular humanity and benevolence, and was generally visited by the
English nobility and gentry in their travels. He was zealous fbr
his religion, and very desirous of making converts. The lady
Theophila Lucy, widow of Sir Kingsmill Lucy, and second daugh-
ter of George, earl of Berkeley, was converted by him, when she
was at Rome, in the latter end of this reign. This lady became
afterward the wife of Robert Nelson, esq. who, when he married
her, knew nothing of the change of her religion.
OLIVERIUS PLUNKET. G. Morpheiip. J. Van-
dervaartf. h. sh. mezz.
Oliver Plunket. Murphey p. T. Honhar esc.
h. sh. mezz.
Oliverius Plunket, archiepiscopus Armachanus,
&c. 7'obeSj crosier^ ^c. Svo. R. Collins sc. BruxelL
The plate, which belonged to Dr. Rawlinson, is in the Bodleian
Library, where there is a painting of him.
Oliver Plunket ; mezz. Laurie sc. mezz. from
the painting done in Newgate; Lowndes e.rc. 1779.
Oliver Plunket ; mezz. E. Lutterel ; Ato.
Oliver Plunket ; %vo, J. Berry sc.
Oliver Plunket, titular primate of all Ireland, was advanced to
the archbishopric of Armagh, by the interest of Cardinal Rospig-
liosi. His promotion is said to have been in lieu of a debt, which
a certain lady was unable, or unwilling to pay, and therefore soli-
\/
I
OF ENGLAND. 91
cited the cardinal in his behalf.* He was a man of an inofiensive
character ; but was condemned upon the testimony of very infamous
witnesses, for a design of bringing a French army over to Ireland,
to massacre all the Protestants in that kingdom. The ground of
tbe prosecution against him was his censuring several priests, who
were subordinate to him, for their scandalous lewdness. f He did
not only deny the accusation upon his trial, but persisted in assert-
ing his innocence to the last moment of his life. The parliament,
who took every occasion of expressing their animosity against the
Papists, owned themselves convinced.of the. reality of *< the horrid
aokd damnable Irish plot.** He was hanged, drawn, and quartered,
July 1, 1681. His quarters were buried in the churchyard of St.
'^^ Giles's in the Fields, near the bodies of five Jesuits, who were a
J^ little before executed at Tyburn. His remains were afterward
.^ taken up, and conveyed tO the monastery of Benedictines, at Lands-
prug, in Germany. ■ . .
RICHARDUS RUSSELLUS, Portalegrensis Eccle-
siae Episcopus. 71 Dudley Anglus f. 1679. In the
habit of a bishop of the church of Heme.
Richard Ruasel, a native of Rutlandshire, was educated in the
English college of secular priests at Lisbon. He, in the quality of
interpreter;' attended Don Francisco de Mello to England, when
be came to negbtikte the marriage betwixt Charles II. and the in-
fiinta. ^He wai, upon' his retnru, rewarded with the bishopric of
Portalegro. I know, not what pretensions he had to the saintly
character, but Dod speaking of him, says, ** I find, in a letter
written by Dr. Godden into England, that during the ceremony of
his consecration, a dove was seen to come in at the window, and
hover partly over his head, which. the doctor leaves to his corre-
spondent to speculate upon." Bishop Russel was living in 1688.
H. BRADY ; a head in an ovalj with a small peaked
beard; Quirinus Boel del. 8gf. Lovanii; h. sh. Round
the oval is this i^iscription : '' Adm. Rev. illustri claris-
• Sec " Athcn. Oxon." i. 221. t Burnet, ii. 502.
92 BIOGRAPHICAL HISTOl
simoq ; D, D. H. Brady, Equiti, Prothon.
J. U. D. et Prof, insig. Eccles.S. Petri, Lovan
Colle. S. AnoEE Pr^esidi, Natio. Hib. D. co."
This distich, which was part of the epigram oirt^e f
to inlimate that he puUished a book of canon li
" 0 quBnuiiaJuru lliMaurum, Itclet, IwbcrH
Si acini pisHr jui ilare cuique «iiam-"
H. Brady, &c. W. Rickai^son.
I
P. Fr. BONAVENTURA BARO,^
^t. 52. B. Schraman del. W. KiUan si. A
an ornamented frontispiece to a book, dated 166
represented in a cordelier's habit ; h. sh.
BoniiTeiiture Baron was a native of Clonmell, in thi
Tippemry, in Ireland. Luke Wadding, his uncle, a
friar of the order of St, Francis, of which he wrote ai
Buperintenderi his education, and was the occasion of
the habit of the same order. He lived about sixty yean
where he was for a considerable lime pnelector of divi
died very old and blind, March 18, 1696. He was m
very good Latin style, and was a voluminons writer in
guage. His capital worli was his " Theologia," in ai)
He also wrote three books of Latin poetry. See a list ol
in Sir James Ware's " Writers of Ireland," p. 253.
P. JOANNES YONGUS, Hibernus, I
Jesu, Ob. Romae, 13 Julii, 1664, ^t. 75 ; 12j
P. Joannes Yongus, &c. W. Richardson
THOMAS PICKERING, ordinis S". H
Monachua ; passiis Lond. 9 Mali, 1679, I
Thomas Pickering, Sec. H.Cooksc. 8
M
. s.
".;*■ ■ ■
■ ■.•--■ - .1;-
OF ENGLAND. 93
Thomas Pickering lost his life on the deposition of Titus Oatei,
ivho swore that he and Grove were the persons who undertook to
assassinate the king. Some of his letters, which were produced in
court against him, contained ambiguous expressions that really
proved nothing at all ; but were thought to prove a great deal, when
the minds of men were strongly prepossessed, and people of all
ranks throughout the kingdom, talked and dreamed of nothing but
popish plots,
/• THOMAS HARCOTTUS,* Societatis Jesu R. P.
praep-.per Angliam provincialis. Fidei. odio suspen-
sus et dissectus, ad Tiboum prope Londinum, H Junii^
1679." Martin Bouche sc. Antverpia. A halter about
his necky and a knife stuck in his breast ; ' \2mo.
Thomas Harcouet ; in the print with Titus Oates
in the pillory , Sgc.
Thomas Harcourt was hanged, drawn, and quartered at Tyburn,
together with four other Jesuits ; namely, Whitebread, Fenwick,
Gavan,t and Turner, for conspiring the death of the king. Oates,
Bedloe, and Dugdale, were evidences against them. Dugdale de-
posed, that he had seen no less than a hundred letters relative to the
projected assassination ; which circumstance alone was sufficient to
invalidate his whole evidence. He also deposed, that Harcourt wrote
an account of the death of Sir Edmundbury Godfrey, the same night
in which he was murdered, to one Ewers in Staffordshire. Though
Oates's evidence, like that of Dugdale, was not absolutely incredible
m itself, it was contradicted by sixteen witnesses of character fronf
St Omer*s, who swore that he was at that place himself at the time
tbe pretended consultation of the Jesuits was held in London.
Such as were disposed to turn evidences against the Papists, at this
juncture, were much encouraged by the Earl of Shaftesbury.
JOHANNES FENWICKUS, Societatis Jesu Sa-
cerdos, R. P. Fidei odio suspensus & dissectus ad
* Hnname was probably pronoonced Harcott
t GavaD desired that his innocence might be proved by the ordeal.
BIOGRAPHICAL HISTORY
Tiboum, prope Londinum, 20-30 Junii, 1679. Msr\
Sauchesc. Ant. small Hvo.
John Fenwick ; in the print of Titus Oates intk
■pillory, Sf'c.
John Fenwick, whose trae name was Caldwell, a natiye of Ui(
bishopric of Durham, born of Prolcslant parents, who turaed hiin
olFupon his conversion to the Roman Catholic faitJi. He waseil''-
cat«d in the seminary of St. Diner's; entered into thesode^u
the age of twenty-eight, 1656; and was sent upon tJie Eagibt
mission, 1675. He was executed in the 51st year of his age. Vide
" JVIemoirs of Missionary Prtesta," by Bishop Clialoner.
ojP
GULIELMUS WARINGUS, Soc. Jesu, s
& dissectus ad Tibourn, 20-30 Junii, 1679.
Bouche sc. small 8tw.
William Waring ; in the print of Titus
the pillory,
William Harcourt, alias Waring, whose true name was BunWr
a native of Lancashire, entered into the society att.be age of twenty-
three, 1632. He was rector in London at the time of his apprehen-
sion. He was executed in the 70th year of his age. See " Memoirs
of Missionary Priests,"
R. P. GULIELMUS IRLANDUS, Societatia 3m
Sacerdos ; knife in his hosam. C. Van Mtrkn sc.
R. P. GuLiELMUS Irdandus, &c. W. Richardm.
William Ireland, alias Ironmonger, was born in LincoInshinLt'
a respectable family. His uncle was killed in the king's serrfajc;
and his y-elations, tlie Gifibrds and Pcndrells, were iustrument^io
saving King Charles the Second after the defeat at WorceBtir.
He was educated at St. Omer's, and entered the society early, in
which he had the character of a man of extraordinary piety and
regularity, and wonderful evenness of mind. He was sent upon
the English mission, nnd was apprehended upon the first breaking
OP ENGLAND. 96
ut of Oates*s plot, and was executed with John Grore at Tyburn,
anuary 24, 1679. See ** Memoirs of Missionary Priests.^'
CHARLES BAKER ; with a knife in his bosom j <§*c.
\n the print of Titus Dates in the pillory .
Charles Baker. Ahvander Voet sc.
. Charles Baker, alias David Lewis, was bom in Monmouthshire
in 1617, and brought up in the Protestant religion till about nine-
teen years of age ; when he was sent by his uncle to' the English
edlege at Rome, where he went through the courses of his studies,
tsd was afterward sent upon the English mission. He officiated
in South Wales for one-and-thirty years, and was executed at Usk,
in Monmouthshire, 1679. See '^ Memoirs of Missionary Priests.^'
PHILIP EVANS, Jesuit. Alexander Voet sc.
Philip Evans ; in the print of Titus Oates in the
Ihry, (§-c.
Philip Evans was bom in Monmouthshire, 1645, and was
ited at St. Omer's. After finishing his studies he was made
It, and sent upon the English mission 1675. South Wales was
province assigned him ; but upon his refusing the oaths he was
imjtted to Cardiff gaol, and executed 1679, iEt. 34, with Mr.
Lloyd. See " Memoirs of Missionary Priests."
JOHN GAVEN, Jesuit. M. Bouche.
John Gaven ; in the print of Titus Oates in the
liny, S^c.
John Gavan, or Gawen, born in London, was educated at St.
r's ; where, for his candour and innocenqe, he wtis called the
He finished his studies at Liege and Rome, and was then
to England. He was executed at Tyburn June 20th, 1679,
I Thomas Whitebread, William Harcourt> John Fenwick, and
bony Turner.
L
98 BIOGRAPHICAL HISTORY|
ANTHONY TURNER, Jesuit. C. van Met,
Anthonf Turn'er; in t/ie print with Titus
in the pillori/, S^x.
AotLoDy Turner, a native of Leicestershire, and a ministei
was brought up in the university of Cambridge, and look his
of bachelor of aiU; but being converted to the Catholic ri
went to Rome ; where, being made priest, he was Bent up
mission, and resided eliieOy at Worcester. He had so grea
sire of suffering for his faith, that at the breaking out of the
cution he went to London, and delivered himself up to a jw
peace, acknowledging that he was a priest a.Dd a Jesuit. I
executed with Gavan and others, at Tybum, June 20, 1679
RICHARD CARPENTER. T. Cross sc. I
Before his " Pragmatical Jesuit,'''' a comedi/, pub
after the resloration*
Some particulars of this author's personal history are
found in his strange medley, entitled, ■' Experience, HisUV
Divinity." He tells us in his book.t in which he speati
great freedom of the corruptions of the church of Rome, d
itAole heart was never converted to that church ; and we U)
that it was never A n/^' converted to the church of England.— !
1 take my leave of Richard Carpenter, I shall present thtl
with a specimen of his style : it is before the table of errat»,J
end of the book above mentioned. " I humbly desire al
hearted and right spirited people, who shall reade ihisj
(which because the presse was oppressed, seems to have be
pressed, when it was by little and little impressed; but'
last, hath pressed through the presse into the publicke), fits
store tt by correcting these errata," &c. — One would imi^
the author, during his residence in Spain, had been par)
conversant with books of chivalry. This specimen is txat
piece with the following, which was taken by Cervantes G
of the Spanish romances, and is the style which is su|^
* Jacob, wbd mentions this comedy, tiaspiaceil [h« author in the rergni'
Ihomas Carve Iipperabiei
,sis NoTARivi Apojtolicvs Annosi
4. t> b (> -
[
*^^y^j>irM^. ^™bS-. ^u/ytXf^gA by -Wh-^ha.-.<l^.Q>t\UZl»mt^,^Mtfi»
OP ENGLAND. 97
We ttuned Don Qnixote'i brain : " The reason of your unreaaon-
lUe ngage of vy reason, does so enfeeble my reason, that I bm
ttKOB to expostulate irith your beauty," tie*
THOMAS CARVE; 8m. scarce.
TndMAs Carve; 8vo. W. Richardson exp.
Thauas Carverbom at MobeniBD,'inlba county of llppemy,
Imt Vacated at Oxford, was ^secular priest, and apostolic notary,
lUd bred at Vienna during the latter part of his life, wfaere he Ins
owof \be vicars choral of St. Stephen's churchy the caAedral of
fta^ dty. In his earlier yean he had bieen chaplain to a regiment,
' travelled through many parts of Gennany, during the wftr car-
ui t^e by GuBtanis Adolphus, of which ba hath given *
Bccoant, as well as of the places he saw in his marches, in a
entitled, " Itinciarium R. D. Thomce Carve Tipperarieniis,
Iboi M^joris in fortissintft juzta et NobiltssimEl Legione Strenuis-
JDomini Colonelli D. Walteri Derereuic sub. sacr. Cttsar,
itate StTpendia Merentis; cum Hiitoria_/iiffi Butferi, Gordon,
IfiAey et Aliorui'j. Moguntiffi, 1639; l6mo,"
He also wrote, " Lyra sire Anacephalnoais Hibemtcs, de Ex*
«£» eive Otigine, Nomine, Moribus, ritibnsq. Gentis HibenuJcee,
itAai^^es ejuadem Hiberoite: Mec nso res- gestw pci Eui<opam
ibAnno 1148, ad Annum 1650; Sultabftci 1666; 4ta.: Editio
Se:unda." There was a formef'editiba «f itin IflQO^irhetf be was
U that time seventy years of age.
. " Galvtens, sen de Momm elegantia.Lib. \%, Noidliuine 1669."
VIThat else h« wrote is not kjoown ; qor- bwo: W *»y forther ac-
esonlB of him, than . that he .djed at ^nuR 1694) in' the 74tb year
jsTbiaage.
A LAY-PREACHER.
JOHN BUNYAN. Sturt sc. Before his " Grace
Abounding," S^c. \2mo.
* MoHcaui '■ Don Quiiol«," p. 3,
98 BIOGRAPHICAL HISTORY
John Bunyan. Sturt sc. Before his " Pilgrim^
Progress;'' Svo,
John Bunyan. White sc. \2mo.
John BuNYAN. Burnford sc. \2mo.
John Bunyan. P. Bouche sc. \2mo.
John Bunyan, J5X. 67 ; in a round.
John Bunyan ; another etchings large 4ta.
John Bunyan; etched by Mr. John Holland, tat
of Peter-house^ in Cambridge, from a drawing,, sig^
posed to be by Faithorne, in the possession of the Reveren
Mr. Lort. On the print is inscribed, ^* J. K. f. 17661
4to.,
John Bunyan; mezz. J. Sadler, 1686. R. Horn
ton sc.
John Bunyan ; to a late edition of his Works.
John Bunyan, a well-known preacher and writer, of Antinomtf
principles, was son of a tinker in Bedfordshire, where he for son
time followed his father's occupation. His conversion, as he -I
forms us himself, began in the early part of his life, while' he w
at play among his companions ; when he was suddenly surprise
with a voice which said to him, " Wilt thou leave thy sins and |
to heaven, or have thy sins and go to hell?" Upon which he lift
up his eyes, in great amazement, towards heaven, whence the voi
came, tind thought he saw Christ looking down upon him.* Tl
had a great effect upon his mind : but he grew far more serio
upon a casual conference which he held with four poor women
Bedford, upon the subject of the new birth. From that time '.
.applied himself diligently to reading the Scriptures, and,., in a fi
years, became a preacher and writer of note. He was long cq
• • ■ • *
* This is the substance of his own account, in his " Grace Abounding/' wb
contauis the history of his conversion, and many other particulars of his life.
QF ENGLAND. 99
fined in the county gaol at Bedford for holding conventicles : here
be spent liis time in preaching, writing books, and tagging laces
for bis support.* After his enlargement, he travelled into many
.parts of the kingdom, " to visit and confirm the brethren." These
visitations procured him the nick-name of Bishop Bunyan. When
be arrived at the sixtieth year of his age, which was the period' of
bis life, he had written books equal to the number of his years :
btit as inahy of these are on similar subjects, they are very much
alike. His masterpiece is his " Pilgrim's Progress," one of thje
most popular, and, I may add, one of the most ingenious books in
the ^glish language.f The works of Bunyan, which had been
loi^ printed on tobacco-paper, by Nicholas Boddington and others,
were, in 1736 and 1737, reprinted in two decent volumes folio.
They are now come forth in a fairer edition than ever, with the re-
cmnmendation of Mr. George Whitfield.^ Bunyan's " Pulpit Bible"
was purchased at a sale, in 1814^ by Mr. Whi thread for twenty
goineas. See the next reign.
^The " RelatioD of his Iroprisonmtent/' >&c ivritten by himself, was first pub-
liabed in 1765, 12mo.
We are told/ that the library of this copious author, during his confinement,
vliich was upwards of twelve years, consisted only of the Bible 'and the Book of
^J*rtyrs. See the " life of Bunyan," at the end of his " Heavenly Footman,"
t Bunyan, wbo has been mentioned among the least and lowest of our writers,
"Mi even ricKcoled as a driveller by those who had never read him, deserves a much
lie h- 1 ^*^*f* rank than is commonly imagined. - His '* Pilgrim's Progress" gives us a* clear
ij^ yy I ^ distinct idea of Calvinistical divinity. The aljegory is admirably carried >on,
^ the duuracters justly drawn, and uniformly supported.^ The authors original
, . ^ poetic genius shines through the coarseness and vulgarity of his language, and
^ rm Minates^ that if he hacl been a master of numbers, he might have composed a poem
oaei^ Worthy o€ Spenser himself. As this opinion may be deemed paradoxical, I shril
>artore to name two persons of eminence of the same. sentiments; one,- the late
Hig f ^. Merrick, of Reading ;|| the other. Dr. Roberts, now fellow of Eton College.. ,
t We have perhaps as many lay-preachers in the kingdom at present, as there
Xvere doring the usurpation of Cromwell. I could name one, incomparably more
lUileimte llian Bunyan, who was actually obliged to leave his native place for
^ ^ rifciqp Mwaling ; but has since climbed over the fence into the sheep-fold, and- is now^ the
leader of a nomerdus flock'. • Some look upon this man as a thief and a robber in.
every sense of the words; but others consider him only in his regenerate state, and
irvere him as a- sain^
:%
§ This observation is not to be extended to the Second Part.
I Mr.' Merrick bas been beafd'to say, in conversation, ^f hat hb invention was Hke
100 BIOGRAPHICAL HISTORY
CLASS V.
COMMONERS IN GREAT EMPLOYME»
EDVARDUS NICOLAS, &c. Leiy p. Vert
large h. sh.
Sir Edward Nicholas, secretary of state
from an original painting; in Lord Clare^
'' History r
Sir Edward Nicholas; in Simon's "3&
p. 29.*
Sir Edward Nicholas, secretary of sta
King Charles I. & IL Lely pinx. J. Scott feciL
In Evelyn's " Memoirs y.
Sir Edward Nicholas, a man of an unblemished characti
highly esteemed for his virtues by all that knew him, was
romoted years principal secretary of state and privy-counsellor to Ch(
S4S* and II. Though he was, from long experience smd unci
industry, well qualified for the secretary*8 office, yet this o
faithful servant was dismissed from his employment by 1
trigues of Mrs. Palmer, the royal mistress, and received in '.
it 20,000/. granted him by the kmg.f He was succeeded
Henry Bennet, who was afterwcu'd created earl oi Arlington,
was a step towards the disgrace of the Lord*chancellor Clar
as the old secretary was his principal friend, and the new (
inveterate enemy. Sir Edward Nicholas was father to Si
Nicholas, knight of the Bath, and grandfather to Edwa
cfaolajB, esq. who, in the reign of Anne, was member of |
ment for Shaftesbury, in Dorsetshire.]: His letters from the ]
* His effigies, modelled in wax, by Ab. Simon, are well preserved ; b the
tion of Charles Compton, esq. a relation of the familj/ Vide Simon's " M<
t He resigned the seals in 16dS.
% The advowsons t>f the churdies of Shaftesbury were the pr^ierty of (bii
(which is now «xtiuct) ever since the latter end of the reign of Charles I
w ^'
Sim W11.ZIAM Momici: .K^i^
Secretary of State to ICing Charles 11°
POF ENGLAND.
ind, at Caen, are in Carto's Cdllection of
, from l(i41 to 1660. Ob. 1 Sept. 1669, jEI. 77. He lies
dftt West Horsley, in Surrey. See the Interregnum.
JAM MORICE, secretary of state, Ac
I K. 1747. //( the colkdion of Sir William
ilrt. Ilhist. Head.
BLLIAM MoRicE, knight. W. Richardson ctc.
1 Morice, who was aUied to General Monok, was, for
^t, and tlint of his illustrious kmsman, preferred to the
retary of state. He was a man of learning and good
Et was not completely qualified for his great employ-
nmew but little of foreign languages, anil Jess of foreign'
Eis cvrrently reported, that the {reneral told the king,
I Morice was well qualified for the secretary's
Oiderstoott the French, and could write shorthand."
/ probably a calumny, as it Js inconsistent with his
It is certain that tlie secretary spoke Latin fluently,
E,Iie Dodemood Greek, and that be acquitted himself during
vse,a years that be continued in his office* without reproach.
Wu aocceeded by Sir John Trevor. Ob. 12 Dec. 1676. He was
^( of « book entitled, " The Common Right to the Lord's
led,'.' which was first printed in quarto, 1651, and
1 fulio, 1660. One singularity is recorded of him, " That
d never suffer any man to say grace in his own house be^
■ himself; there, he said, he was both priest and ting."
I
OLINl
m JENKINS,
eq.
aur. LL. D. &c.
M.Ttier p.
Neomagi,
1679.
G.
Vamler Gw
ckt sc.
B'23
; h. sh.
PLeolinus
Jenkins,
, eq. aur.
H. Quite/' p.
el e.i-c.
t.sh.
mezz.
more in '
.J Brown.
: Willis
, esq. whera there ii
1 R curioai
,1 of lliii ancienl barongh. The author has
T of the luwni in DorselBhite. ai lie wa> botn i
■ He re&i|ned at MkhaclniBs, I66tl.
■
1
i
J
102 BIOGRAPHICAL HISTORY
Sir Leoline Jenkins; in the ^* Oa^ord Alma'
nack;' 1740.
Sir Leoline, or Lluellin Jenkins, who was bom at Llantrissentyii
Glamorganshire, was the son of an honest, plain countryniaii) wlun
Mr. John Aubrey says he knew. As his father's circuiasttticei
were but narrow, and he was a distant relation to David JenkiDi
the famous Welsh judge, that gentleman contributed something to-
wards his education. About the time he took his bachelor's degiee^
Sir John Aubrey sent for him home to his house at Uantrithied, in
Glamorganshire, to instruct his eldest son Lewis in grammar learn-
ing : he also took several other young gentlemen under his carei
whom he taught in the church-house belonging to that place, fle
went to Oxford together with his pupils, and afterward traveltel
with Mr. Lewis Aubrey. Upon the resignation oF Dr. Frandi
Mansell, which was soon after the restoration, he was~elected prin-
cipal of Jesus College.* He afterward retired to London, and wu
made a judge of the admiralty, and of the prerogative court In ■
1669, he was sent ambassador to France; and, in 1673, was sent \
to Cologn, in quality of plenipotentiary, together with the Bail of
Arlington and Sir Joseph Williamson. In 1675, he was appointed '
a plenipotentiary at Nimeguen, together with Lord Berkeley and
Sir William Temple; and, in 1680, he succeeded Mr. Henry
26. Coventry in the office of secretary of state. He is said to have
preserved the leather breeches which he wore to Oxford, as a
memorial of his good fortune in the world. Ob. 1 Sept. 1685*,
^t, 62. Several particulars in the above account are taken from
a MS. of Mr. John Aubrey*s in the Ashmolean Museum.
SIR CHARLES LYTTELTON. P. W. Tomkins sc.
In Grammont. From an original picture in the col-
lection of Lord Westcote.
Sir Charles Lyttleton early in life took to arms, and during the
civil wars, was at the siege of Colchester : after the surrender of the
town, he escaped into France, and returned in the year 1659, and
joined Sir Gieorge Booth against Shrewsbury ; but miscarrying, he
* He gave the advowson of the rectory of Kotlierfield Peppard, in Ojifoidshire,
to that college, " for the better support of the headship.
OF ENGLAND. 103
was taken prisoner, and confined in the Gatehouse, Westminster.
He soon obtained his liberty, and was employed by his majesty on
many secret and important services. Lord Clarendon in a letter
to. the Duke of Ormond, says, " he is worth his weight in gold."
He was knighted in 1662, and had many employments ; was
brigadier-general . till the revolution, when he resigned. He died
at Hayley 1 7 1 6, uE^ . 87.
SIR RICHARD FANSHAWE, knight and ba-
Tonet, one of his majesty's most honourable privy
council, &c. Faithorne sc. h. sh. This print was en-
graved as a frontispiece for the Sermon preached at his
Rineral by Henry Bagshaw, M. A. student of Christ
Churchy Oxon.
Sir Richard Fansh AWE. Lely p. E. Harding sc.
In Harding's '* Biographical MirrouTy' 1793.
There is a portrait of him, by Sir P^r Lely, in the possession of
^mfti Fanshawe, esq.
Sir Richard Fanshawe, who was the tenth and youngest son of
Sir Henry Fanshawe, of Ware Park, in Hertfordshire, united, in an
extraordinary degree, the qualifications of the gentleman, the scholar,
and the statesman. He was taken early into the service of Charles I.
who, in 1635, appointed him resident to the court of Spain ; and,
in the last year of his reign, made him treasurer of the navy, under
tiie command of Prince Rupert. He was secretary of state to
Charles II. during his residence in Scotland : and it was strongly
e3q)ected . that he would have been preferred to the same o£Bee
after the restoration: but he was, contrary to his own and the
general expectation, appointed master of the Requests. He was
employed in several important embassies in this reign ; particularly
in negotiating the marriage betwixt the king and the infanta, and
putting the last hand to a peace betwixt the kingdoms of Spain
and Portugal, which had been for twenty-five years engaged in a
rtunoos war.* He was. an exact critic in the Latin tongue, spoke
• " Biog. Brit." p. 1887.
Hit *• Original Letteraf during liis Efnbassies iit Spain and Portagat/' 170t, 8iro.
deserve tlie reader's notice. Some mcmorabJe passages relating to him and Lord
Fiuiilmwe,.of Ware Park, ar( In Lloyd's " Memoirs," p« 684, &c.
104 BIOGRAPHICAL HISTORY
I
tkft Spanish widi ease and propriety, and perfectly understood iim
. Italian. The politeness of his manners, and the integrity oC Ul
Kfe, did not only procure him the love and esteem of his own eeoki
try men, hut gained him unusual favour and respect in Spain:;
among a people notorious for their disregard to strangers, asud toe
apt to overlook all merit but their own. He died at Madrid^ Juni
16, 1666. See more of him among the poets.
" Dominus GULIELMUS TEMPLE, eques et baro-
nettus, ser"'. pot"^ Mag. Britanniae regis ad ord*. fed*.
Belgii legatus extr*. et apud tractatus pacis tarn Aquis-
grani, quam Neomagi, legaf . mediaf . ejusdem ser^
regis a secretioribus consiliis, 1670." P. Leli/ p*
P. Vandrebanc sc. large h. sh.
Dominus Gulielmus Temple, &c. Lely p. Ver*
tuesc. Before his Works ; foL
Dominus Gulielmus Temple. Lely p. R^Wkktset
' Dominus Gulielmus Temple ; \2mo.
His portrait is at Lord Palmerston's, at Sheene, in Surrey.
Sir William Temple was descended from a yoiinger branch of t
family of that name, seated at Temple Hall, in Leicestershire. Hi
grandikther was secretary to the unfortunate Earl of Essex^ fli
▼ourite of Queen Elizabeth, and his father was Sit John Tempk
ttiaster of the Rolls in Ireland. He was as much above thc.coraino
level of politicians, as he was above the herd of authors* He da
played his great abilities in several important treaties^ and negotii
IttOtts, the most considerable of which was the bringing to a hi^pp
eonclnsion the famous triple league betwixt England^ Sweden, ai
Holland.^ This alliance, though the most pru(knt step ever take
by Charles IL was soon defeated by the Qabal, a set of men wl
were as great a disgrace to their country, as Sir William Tem]^
was an honour to it He was strongly solicited to go over '
Holland, in order to break that league which he had a little befo
concluded: but he was too much a patriot to yidd to any solicit
OF ENGLAND. 10$
«
tioof ot that ..kind ; ^d chose to retire into the country^ where
}teyw much better employed in writing his excellent ** Observa-
^1 tfons on the United Provinces," and other elegant works. See
Class IX.
" SIR WILLIAM DAVIDSON, kn*. and baronet ;
one of the gentlemen of his majesty's most honoural>le
privy council ; conservitor and resident of his majesty's
most ancient kins:dom of Scotland . in the seventeen
{provinces ; his majesty's sole commissioner for Eng-
and and Ireland in the city of Amsterdam ;'* &c. ^.
48, 1664. Chr. Hagens del. et sc. In his own hair. '
This portrait is engraved in the st^le'of, and as a companion
to, Francis Delaboe Sylvius, by C. V. Dalen, jun.
SIR DUDLEY NORTH, commissioner of the trea-
sury to King Charles the Second. G. Vertue sc.
Frontispiece to his " Life" by the Hon. Roger North,
1742 ; Ato.
Sir Dudley North, brother to the Lord-keeper Guildford, was
tbird son of the second Dudley, lord North, baron of Kirtling.
He was bound apprentice to a Turkey merchant in London,' who
sent him on a trading voyage to Russia, and several other countries ;
at the conclusion of which he was appointed to reside as factor
in the Turkey trade at Smyrna. He afterward removed to Con-
stantinople, where he had the chief management of the English
&ctory. He continued here many years, became a complete
master of the Turkish language, and had a perfect insight into
the manners, customs, and jurisprudence of the country. He
knew the forms of their courts of justice, in which he is said to have
tried no less than ^se hundred causes.* He committed many of
his observations to writing, during his residence in Turkey, which
aye printed in Mr. Roger North's account of his Life. He, with
the assistance of a mathematician, made a plan of Constantinople ;
)mt it was never completely finished. Upon his return to England,
^ ** Life," by Roger North, esq.
VOL. V. P
106 BIOGRAPHICAL HrSTORY
he settled as a merchant in London. He was aftenrard wntk
director of the African company, a commissioner of the €astclii%
mnd alto of the treasury. After Ins retirement firom busiiieBi^ lie
amused himself with mechanics^ for which he had a particnlir
genius. He was knighted Feb. I3th, 1682-3. Ob. 31 Dec. 1691.
JOHN HERVEY, esq. &c. Lefy p. R. Tomsan exc.
h. s/i. mezz.
In the print are two pieces of antique sculpture, of whidi he
seems to have been an admirer.
John Hervey, eldest son of Sir William Hervey^ of Ickworth, iir '
Suffolk, was highly esteemed by some of the roMt iDgemovaand
respectable persons of his time, for his agreeable and pcrfite accooh
plishments. He, in the late reign^ exerted himself in pa^amenl
on the side of the prerogative, and bore arms for Charles I. ftr
which he was forced to compound for his estate. He was, in this
reign,^ treasurer and receiver- general to the queen^ and one of- the
leading members of the House of Commons. He i»» or ought to ber
well known to the worlds as the friend and patron of Cowley. Hi^
following story is told of him by Bishop Burnet:* ** He was one
whom the kiag loved personally ; and yet, upon a great occasiQB^
be voted against that which the king desired. So the king dhid
liim severely for it. Next day, another important question foiling i
in, he voted as the king would have him. * So the king took notice J
of k at night, and said, you were not against me to-day. He an- I
swered,^ No, Sir, I wa^ against my conscience to-day. This wis |
so gravely delivered that the king seemed pleased with, it; and it
was muck talked of.*' He died without issue, Jan. 18, 1679, and
was succeeded in his estate by his brother Thomas^ who was fathei
of the first earl of BristoL
SIR RALPH CLARE; an etching; in Na»Ht
" Worcestershire;^' from an original picture in tk
possession of the late Francis Clare, esq. ofCaldmll.
Sir Ralph Clare,, eldest son to Sir Francis Clare, of Wofoestar"
shire^ servant to Prin^ Henry, knight of the Bath at the edronatioa
• •* Ilbt. of hii own Time," i. p. 38S.
OF ENGLAND. 107
)f Charles !• i^hom be atteBded thfbugh all his various fortunes;
MiYant to Charles II. both in his banishment and at his return*
Died 1670, Mt. 84* See Nash's " Worcestershire," vol. ii.
SIR WILLIAM PORTMAN, who married Sir
John Cutler's daughter ; in an u>vaL
Sir William Portman ; mezz. W. Ridiardson exc.
Sm William Portman. Harding sc.
Sir William Portman, who was the last of the family of that
name, seated at Orchard Portman^ in Somersetshire, was de-
icended from Sir John Portman, lord chief-justice of the Queen's
Bench, in the reign of Mary.* He was member of parliament for
Taunton, and possessed an ample £[>rtune ; a great part of which
formerly belonged to -the Orchards^ of Orchard, and devolved by
heirship to the Portmans. This gentleman purcliased Brianstone,
near Blandford, ncm one of the finest seats in Dorsetshire^ of the
ftmily of Rogers, which he left, together with the rest of his estate,
4o bis nephew, Henry Seymour, esq. fifth son of Sir Edward Sey*
mour, of Bury Pomeroy, who took the name of Portman.
*
ANDREW JVIARVELL, &c. drawn and etched by
J. B. Cipriani, a Florentine, from a portrait painted in
the year 1660, lately in the possession of Thomas HolUs^
^/Lincoln's Inn, F. R. and A. S. S. L sL
Andrew Marvell. J. B^sire; prefi.vtd to his
^'Worhs;\mQi Ate.
■ •
Andrew Marvell. Thane*
'^Mr. Nettleton, governor of the Russia company, has an original
y^traft oif MarvdL
Andrew MacveQ, t merry, yet aii indignant salirist, an able
statesmftby arndf aii undoirupt patriot, was chosen 'member of pArlia-
• • • • ■
* Lloyd, m 4t]s life ^f (hui eminent lawyer, says, that he coutd not find tbe origtiuil
4d Us family, h wM'sq wdent. S«c bn *' Worthies." *
106 BIOGRAPHICAL HISTORY
ment for Kingston-upon-Hull, before and after the restoration.
The people of that place, who honoured his abilities, but pitied his
poverty, raised a contribution for his support. This "was, probably^ ,
the last borough in England that paid a representative. As even
trivial anecdotes of so ingenious and so honest a man are worth
preserving, I shall subjoin the following, taken from a manuscript
of Mr. John Aubrey, who personally knew him : " He was of a
middling stature, pretty strong set, roundish-faced, cherry-cheeked,
hazel-eyed, brown.haired.* Hfe was, in his cbnversation, very modest,
and of very few words. He was wont to say, he would not drink
high or freely with any one, with whom he would not trust his life."
See more of him. Class IX.
SIR JOHN PERCEVAL, bart. (7th of that name)
register of the Court of Claims ; one of the council of
trade ; one of the most honourable privy council to
King Charles II. and knight of the shire for the
county of Cork, in Ireland; born 1629, Ob. 1665.
Fabei^ f. 17 43 ; 8vo. mezz. Engraved for the ''His*
tory of the House of Yvery ''
Sir John Perceval, bart. son and heir of Sir Philip, found himself
in embarrassed circumstances upon the decease of his father ; but,
by prudent management, by paying court to Lenthall, and especially
Oljyer and Henry Cromwell, he soon became possessed of an easy
and affluent fortune. He was the only person whpm the latter
knighted during his lieutenancy in Ireland. No man, perhaps,- wai
more worthy of this distinction, as he was perfectly versed in the
affairs of that country, and a most useful instrument in the settle-
ment of it, after the ravages and confusion of the civil wftr. It was
by his advice, that the resolution was taken of transplanting tho
Papists into the province of Connaught, *' when worse measiires
were projected."* But, it must be owned, that this expedient,
however salutary or necessary it might then appear, seems to us,
who view it at a distance, extremely rigproi^ axid oppressive. He
wasj soon after the restoration, sworn pf the privy coqncil, jbiu^
created a l)aronet ; and, in 1662, appointed register of the Court oi
• Lodge's " Peerage," ii. 160^ . *
OF ENGLAND. 109
i^Udms, and ihe Court of Words, which was erected in Ireland in
[i^voor of his family^ but shortly after abolished by parliament. He
married Catharine, daughter of Robert Southwell, of Kingsale, esq.
a lady of singular merit. See more of him in the '* History of the
House of Yvery," and in Lodge's ** Peerage of Ireland."
SIR RICHARD WILLIS. Cooper sc. 4to. From
u drawing in the King's " Clarendon.'^
Sir Richard Willis, a gentleman of good parts and courage, and
a very good officer, had long served in the royal army under
Clmrles 1. and was by him made governor of Newark. On the .
min of the king's afiairs, he reconciled himself to Cromwell, by
disclosing the secrets of Charles the Second ; by whom he was
intrasted with all the measures taken to effect his restoration ; yet
in so wily a way d4d he give his information, that though he.di-
Tolged and frustrated the schemes, he never failed to screen the
parties. It was Sir Richard Willis that discovered to Cromwell,
that' the Marquis of Oriiiond was in London; but he could not be
induced to disclose where his lodging was; only. undertaking that
his journey should be ineffectual, and that he should speedily re^
turn to the'continent, and then they might take him if they could ;
but to effect which he would not contribute. He received a large
pension from the Protector, and continually gave Thurlow intdK-
geiice bf all he knew, or was intrusted with; but it was with so
gr^t circumspection, that he was never seen in his presence. In
his contract, he had promised to make such discoveries, as should
prevent any injury to the state ; but that he would never endanger,
any man's life, nor be produced to give evidence against any.
After the death of Cromwell, the whole of his treachery was
made known to Charles the Second, by Mr. Morland, a clerk in
Thurlow's office; but it was only by the production of his letters
the king could be induced to credit the information, and dismiss
Willis from his confidence. • : . .
SIR EDWARD WALKER; writi$ig m a drum,
with fC^ Charles I.
In the first impression a castle is to the left, the royal
110 BIOGRAPHICAL HISTORY
standard on the right ; a large tent in the middle neM
-Sfr E. Walker. ri
Sir Edward Walker; Svo. J
Sir Edward Walker ; writing on a drum, wiaj^
K. Charles I. small h. sh. B. Reading sc. i
Sir Edward Walker was origntaUy in the service of TIu
earl of Aniiidel» and was by bim appointed secretary at war in
expedition into Scotland in 1639, and by King Cbarles I* m\
tAeik extraordinary of tbe priry coimcil. He adbered to the
in all his misfbrtanes> ion whidi fidelity his mi^esty honoured'
with knighthood in the city of Oxfoid, 1648; and Ac nnheiAj
e<»iferred upon him the degree of master of arts. After die 6s0
of his royal master, he attended King Charles II. on die <x>ntindbl
and was by him made garter principal king of anns. His idiifilitfi
and the office he filled, made him so great an object of jeidoiM]
that he had spies placed over hb conduct, and was considered b
the Commumwealdi *^ a penicioas man." He died suddenly i
VThitehaU, 1676-7, and was boried in the chapel of the file«M
Virgitt in the church of Stratford-upoa-Aroa, bong desenredl
faamented as a man of tried integrity and considerable abiEties. B
pid)lished *^ Itor Carolinam,'^ bebig a soccioiet accomt of H
marches, retreats^ and suflferings of hb majesty King Chairiet !
from January 10, 1641, to the time of his death, 1648. B
^ Mihlary Biscoarses*^ was printed 1705^ kXiOy to wludi his po
trait is infixed.
SIR THOMAS HERBERT, bart bom in Yod
1605; died there^ 1681. From a picture im tke fk
session of F. Smytk^ of New6uil£ngy esf. Sbn^pem
Jecit; an etckbtg.
Sir Thomas Herb^s&t ; pr^krei ta ^ 3^mmrs
As Two last Years of tke Ke^ ofKmg ObcriEsr /J
Sir Thomas Herbert, who was related to W3fom, eazi of Pte
hfote> wa& 3^t by thai a^Mwavii. m im^ fe» ttaiwl iaia Afim
.• . OE ENGLAND* ill
i^ &c* His nol^e pa^a dying laddenly 80(»i after his return,
rtgain went abroad; during, which time the civil wars commenced,
id Mr* Heibert, on hisTetum from his second travels, adhered to
le side of the parliament; and was, through the interest of Philip,
eft of Pembroke^ cqppQinted one of the commissioners of parlia-
M» and. sent by th^m to the king at Newcastle. On the dis*
hid of his majesty's servants, Mr. Herbert was chosen by the
iag'ts groom of the bed-chamber, and was employed by his royal
Mster wi several confidential services, which he performed to the
ItiM^ satisftu^tion of the kiqg,. whom he constantly attended till
li^ieGntifllft in 1648. He was for his faithful services by Charles
f tdvanoed to the honour of knighthood July 3,. 1660, and died
f He published his Travels into Africa, Asia, &c. and also left in
;ript, ** Memoirs of the Two last Years of the Reign of King
I.;" anew edition of which was published by Messrs. Nieol,
lall, 1813; to which is prefixed his portrait.
SIR EDMUND TURNOR, of Stoke - Rochford,
ndty of Lincoln, knt. Fittler sc. Ato.
Sir Edmund Tumor was the youngest brother of Sir Christopher
imor, baron of the Exchequer in 1660, and was bom at Milton-
Kiis, in Bedfordshire, May 14, 1619. In politics he was at*
sihed to the crown, and very active in its service. When Bristol
« taken by Prince Rupert, he was appointed treasurer and pay-
ister to the garrison there, and was taken prii^oner at the battle
Worcester, 1651, being then a captain of horse. As a reward
r his services, he was to have been a knight of the Royal Oak ;
t that order not being established, he was knighted 'in 1663,
out which time he was a commissioner of the Alienation Office,
rveyor-general of the Out Ports, and one of the chief farmers of
^ customs.
In 1654 he married Margaret, daughter of Sir John Harrison, of
alb, in Herts, knight, by whom he became possessed of the manor
Stoke-Rochford, in Lincolnshire, where he resided, apd served
^ office of sheriff of the county in 1681. He died April 4, 1707,
. the 88th year of his age ; and was buried in the chancel of
Mc^, near to a monument which he had erected for his wife, and
ppart for himself, during his lifetime.
112
BIOGRAPHICAL HISTORY
His charity and public spirit were exemplaryy and several acttdf
his munificence remain the lasting monuments of his fame. JDmi
Dei Deo was his favourite niotto, and as he maintainied thatpnih
ciple in his mind, he supported it in his practice. In respect to A)
place of his birth, he endowed the vicarage of Miltoh-Enkwik
the impropriate tithes, then let at 100/. a year;; and rebiult.lb
vicarage-house and offices. He erected an hospital for .six
persons; and endowed it with lands to the value of 20/.<a.
At Stoke-Rochford he founded another hospital,. for the like
ber of poor persons ; and at Wragby, in Lincolnshire, where.l||
had purchased a considerable estate, he built an hospital, aif.
chapel, settling on the same a clear annual rent of lOOL..
these evidences of his munificence, he enlarged the revenuoi
the four royal hospitals in London, by giving amongst them a
in exchequer bills, the interest of which amounted to 200/. a
On the new work-house in Bishopsgate-street he settled 37/. 15t.
a year.
Dame Margaret Tumor, his wife, died July 30, 1679, l
issue one son, John Tumor, esq. who married Diana, only child of
Honourable Algernon Cecil, son of William, earl of SalisI
and one daughter, Elizabeth, married to Sir Justinian IshaOi
Lamport, bart.
WILLIAM LENTHAL; an etching, -^ small m
E. B. Gulstom
William Lenthal ; quarto. Paul.
William Lenthal; ditto. (Roberts.) W. Bk
ardson exc.
William Lenthal; in Simon^s *^ MedalSj' fA\
William Lenthal; small avaL S. Cooper
Thomthwait sc.
William Lenthal ; in the " Oxford Almamci
1748.
- OF ENGLAND. il3
. . WiHiam Lentha!, bora at Henlej-upon-Thames, in the comity of
Oxford, 1591, became a commoner of Alban HaU, and soon after
went to study the law in Lincoln's Inn^ and was a counsellor of note.
In 1639 he was elected burgess for the corporation of Woodstock,
in Oxford^re, to serve in the Long Parliament, and was chosen
their speaker. When Charles I. was in the House of Commons, in
order to have the five members secured, he asked the speaker, who
.had left the chair and stood below, whether any of these persons
were in the house ? The speaker, falling on his knees, prudently
replied, I have, sir, neither eyes to see, nor tongue to speak, in
this place, but as the House is pleased to direct, whose servant I am ;
and I humbly ask pardon that I cannot give any other answer to
what your majesty is pleased to demand of me« He was for a
tijae master of the Rolls, and had other places of great trust and
emolument. Ant. Wood says, Oliver Cromwell once made a sponge
of, and squeezed from him 15,000/. : he certainly turned him (and
bis tribe the Long Parliament) out of doors in 1653. Lenthal was
afterward invited by the army to sit in the Rump Parlisunent, and
chosen their speaker, and appointed keeper of the great seal for
the Commonwealth of England. On the restoration, he retired
with vast wealth to his estate at Burford, where he died in 1662.
With some difficulty, it is said, he obtained leave to kiss the king^s
band after his return from exile ; and he is reported to have fallen
backwards as he was kneeling, from the consciousness he felt at
the share he had in the late troubles.
CLASS VI.
MEN OF THE ROBE.
EDWARD, earl of Clarendon, &c. Lelyp. R.White
sc. h. sh.
Edward, earl of Clarendon, &c. Lely p. M. Bur^
ghers sc. h. sh.
There is another, by Burghers^ in %v(u
VOL. v. Q
1L4 BIOGRAPHICAL HI8TORT
Edward, earl of ClarendoD, &c Ldjf p. G. If.
(G^rge White) sc. large 8vo.
Edward, earl of Clarendon, &c. Zoustp. Jaknr
son f. h. sh. mezz.
Clarendon, chancelier d'Angleterre. Zm$t p.
Picart sc. dires. 1724 ; Ato.
^* Edvardus Htde, eqnes anratus, Clarendonis
comes, Comburiae yicecomes, baro Hyde de Hinddn;
summiis Angliae, nee non almae Oxoniensis academis
cancellarius, ac saers maj^. regise a secretioribus coor
siliis." Z>. Loggan ad vivum delin. et sc. In the
second edition of Sir William Dugdale*s " Origim
JuridiciakSj' 1671 ; fol.
Edward Hyde, earl of Clarendon. Bocquct sc.
In " Noble Authors,'' by Park; 1806.
I'
Edward Hyde, &c. E. Harding sc.
Edward Hyde, &c. Gardiner.
Edward Hyde, &c. mezz. R. Dunkartony 1812;
Ato.
Edward Hyde, &c. Lely p. E. Harding sc. fol.
Edward Hype, &c. Lely p. V. Gucht sc. From
the '^ History of the Rebellion;"' folio, 1 719; pubMed
in Dublin.
, Edward Hyde, &c. in the " Oxford AlmanacK
1749.
Edward Hyde, ^c. Bouttats.
/
OF ENGLAND. 113
TUne is a portrait 6f Yam in the kmg gallery at 06rli«iiri[>iiry : if
9 dated 1660. There h another belonging to hk fatiaily; painted
hf Zonst. Bai the best picture, and the truest likeness of him, is
tte which was painted by Sir Petei^ Lely. It is now at Amesbury^
The virtue of the Earl of Clarendon was of too stubborn a nattire Promoted
hr the age of Charles II. Could he baye been content to enslave 16^7^-8.
millions^ he might have been more a monarch than that unprincely
Jwg. Bat he did not only look upon himself as the guardian of
the taWs and liberties of his country, but had also a pride in his
ttatnre that was above vice ; and chose rather to be a victim him*
sdi^ tban to sacrifice his integrity. He had only one part to act^
which was that of an honest man. His (Bnemies allowed themselves * ■*
a much greater latitude : they loaded him with calumnies, blamed
him even for their own errors and misconduct, and helped to ruin
WiA by iuch btiffodiieriei^ qb he despised, . He was a much greater,
perVaps a happier man, alone and in exile, than Charles II. upon
liis throne. See the ninth Class.
ORLANDUS BRIDGMAN,* miles ct bardnettus,
custos magni sigilli Angliae. W. Faithorne ad vivum so.
In Dugdales " Origines Juridiciales,'' second edition,
1671.
Orlandus Bridgman, &c. R. White sc. Before
^u ^^ Conveyances r foL
Orlandus Bridgman, &c. G. Vander Gucht sc.
k sh.
Sir Orlando Bridgman, son of John Bridfgman, bishop of Chester, Promoted
was a man of good natural parts, which he very carefully improved ^"8* ^»
by study and application. He was, soon after the restoration,
made lord chief-baron of the Exchequer ;t whence he was, in a few
months, removed to the Common Pleas. WJiiie h0 presided in this
court, his reputation was at the height : then '^ his moderation and
e<}uity were such, that he seemed to carry a chancery in his breast."]:
r
* The name is often enoneoosly written Bridgeman. * k - ■
t He was lord chief-baroQ when he tried the regicides.
t Prince's " Worthies of DeVoii.'
»>
116 BIOGRAPHICAL HISTORY
Upon his receiving the great seal, his reputation began to dectine:
he was timid and irresolute, and this timidity was still increasiii^
with his years. His judgment was not equal to all the difficulties
of his office. In nice points, he was too much inclined to dedde
in favour of both parties ; and to divide what each claimant looked
upon as an absolute property. His lady, a woman of cunning and
intrigue, was too apt to interfere in chancery suits ; and his sods,
who practised under him, did not bear the fairest characters.* He
was desirous of a union with Scotland, and a comprehension with
the dissenters ; but was against tolerating popery. He is said to
»▼. 17, have been removed from his office for refusing to affix the seal 10
^'* the king's declaration for liberty of conscience.
ANTH. ASHLEY COOPER, earl of Shaftesbury.
Ldy p. Houbraken sc. In the collection of the Earl of
Shaftesbury. Illtist. Head.
Anthony, earl of Shaftesbury. Cooper p. Barm sc,
1744; large 4fo.
Anthony Ashley Cooper, &c. lord high-chan-
cellor 1673; sitting. Blooteling sc. sh. scarce.
Anthony, earl of Shaftesbury, &c. R. White sc.
large h. sh.
' Another smaller, by the same hand.
Anthony, earl of Shaftesbury. W. Binneman sc.
h. shr
Anthony, earl of Shaftesbury. J. GreenhillP' ji
E. Lutterelf 4to. mezz. L
Anthony, earl of Shaftesbury; before his ^^UfC)
1683; \2mo.
♦ North's " Life of the Lord-keeper GuUdforf/* p. 88, iB9. ■ -f
-OF ENGLAND. IVI
HONY, earl of Shaftesbury; natm est Jul. 1621 ;
^ e^^ 21 (22) Jan. 1682-3; Svo.
HONY, earl of Shaftesbury ; mezz. R. Dun-
; Ato.
HONY, earl of Shaftesbury. Birrell sc. In
e Authors,'' by Park ; 1806.
reat talents of the Earl of Shaftesbury, and his exact know- Promoted
men and things, contributed to render him one of the first
rs of his age. But the violence of his passions, and the
y of his principles, prompted him to act very different, and
ntrary parts. This was in some measure owing to the
in the times in which he lived ; but is more to be attributed
lutability of his character, which ever varied with the in-
f his ambition. When we consider him as sitting in the
tribunal in the kingdom, explsdning and correcting the
tecting fraud, and exerting all the powers of his eloquence
ide of justice ; we admire the able lawyer, the commanding
ind the upright judge. But when he enters into all the
IS measures of the Cabal, when he prostitutes his eloquence
.ve his country, and becomes the factious leader and the
incendiary; we regard him with an equal mixture of horror
ret.*
NEAGE FINCH, baron of Daventry, lord high-
jllor, 1676 ; whole length.
ffEAGE Finch, earl of Nottingham^ &c. lord
bancellor, &c. 1681. Kneller p. R. White sc.
h* sh.
>rEAGE Finch, earl of Nottingham ; in ^^ Noble
rs;' by Park; 1806.
e is a portrait of him at Gorhambury^
Head Mr. Locke, who differs from other writers in his character t>f hSm»
that the good of bis country was what he steer^ hit coancils and Hctiotas
igh the whole course of his life."
118 BIOGRAPHICAL HISTORY
Promoted ^ Htiti^age Finch, who was maide tolkitor-g^neral soon after tbe
^673 ^' f ^storation, rose by regular gradations to the high office of chan-
cellor, for which he was eminently qualified. He presided in the
Chancery when the whole kingdom was divided into factions ; but
had such a command of his passions, and was so nice in his con*
duct, that he always appeared to be of no faction himself. He was'
master of the powers of elocution in a very high decree ; a tf^nt
extremely dangerous in the possession of a dishonest man« Thi|;
he took every occasion of exerting : but it was only to enforce and
addtn, never to weaken or disguise the truth.* Sevei^ of his
speeches are in print. Ob. 18 Dec. 1682.
FRANCIS, lord Guilford, lord-keeper, &c. Loggafi
del. d sc. large h. sh.
FjiANCis, lord Guilford, &c. Loggan del. Vertue sc]
4to. Before his " Life^'' by the Hon. Roger North.
FiiANdis, lord Guilford ; 9>va.
Francis, lord Guilford, &c. Bocquet sc In " iVo-
bte Authors,'' by Park; \%0Q.
* It woold be injurious to the memory of this consummate lawyer to omit the foU
)D#ing charaotefj or to give it m any other words than those of the ingemoDs
author.
'* Sir Heneage Finch, who succeeded (to the great seal) in 1673, and became
Afterward earl of Nottingham, was a person of the greatest abilities and moiC on-
corrupted integrity ; a thorough master and zealous defender of the laws and cob^.
9titttti«n of his country; and endued withii pervading genius that enabled liim to
discover and to pursue the true spirit of justice, notwithstanding the embaiTfts*-
ments raised by the narrow and technical notions which then prevailed iii the
cetlrts of law, and the imperfect ideas of redress which had possessed the co&fls of
equity. The reason and necessities of mankind, arising from the great ch^ge^in
property, by the extension of trade and the> abolition of militavy tentires, co-operated
in establishing bis plan, and enabled bim, in the course of nine years, to boild a
system of jurisprudence and jurisdiction upon wide and rational foundations, which
have also been extended and improved by many great men, who have since pre-
sided in Chancery ^ and from that time to this, the power and bu^moss of the court
)iave increased to an amazing degree.*' — Blackstone^s " Commentaaries/' book UL
chap, ivf .
1
OF ENGLAND. 119
J FjiANCis, lord Giiilfard, &c* E. Harding.
"y Tbere is a portrait of him atWroxton, by Riley, which Mr. Wal.
H pole says is capital throughout.
V There is another portrait in the master's lodge, at St. John's
I CoU^, in Cambridge, which has been miscalled Lord Ashley.
I The Honourable Roger North, biogrs^her to the family, has givek Promoted
M a minute account of the Lord-keeper Guilford, who appears to ^' ^^^^'
hive been i| man of parts and various learning ; but did not shine
with superior lustre in the court of Chanpery. He enjoyeid his hi^
office at a time when it required a strong head and a steady hand
to hold the balance of justice even. He was thought to be too
nach inclined to favour the court ; though the author of his life
tells us, that he was sick of the times, and that this sickness
hastened his death; which happened at Wroxton, Sept. 5, 1685.
Re was succeeded by the notorious Jefieries, who was a sufficiaat
contrast to his character. He studied history, the belles lettres,
ioatfaematics, and the new philosophy. He understood music^ on '
which he has written a ^' Philosophical Essay." He performed well
on the bass viol, and employed a musician to play him to sleep.
Aaother singularity was told of him^ '^ that he rode upon a rh&o-
ceros, which was carried about for a show :" but his biographer as-*
Bures us, that it was only an invidious calumny. This gentleman
Represents him as very eminent in his profession ; and possibly,
with a view of raising him the higher, has endeavoured to degrade
tiie character of the next person, but has not succeeded in his
attempt.
; SIR MATTHEW HALE, lord chief-justice of the
King's Bench. M- Wright p. G, Virtue sc. 1735 ;
Matthjeus Hale, miles, &c. R. White sc. A roU
in his r^ht hand; large h. sh. A copy by Van Hove.
Si]jt Matthew Hale; large h. sh. mezz. copied
from White.
MATTHiEUs Hale, miles^ &c. Van Hove sc. Slitting
* in an elbow-chair ; h.sh.
120 BIOGRAPHICAL HISTORY
Matth^bus Hale, &c. Van Hove sc. S^itig;M
Matth^us Hale, &c. Clarke sc. Sitting; 8w.
Lord Chief-justice Hale ; small Ato. printed viA
the " Sum of Religion,' in a large half sheet.
Sir Matthew Hale. T. Trotter sc. In Bkch
stone's " Commentaries,'' by Christian; 1793.
Sir Matthew Hale; oval; stipled.
Sir Matthew Hale; mezz. T.Jordan ex. i/&
Golden Lion, Fleet-street.
Sir Matthew Hale ; mezz. large Ato. No nM
of engraver.
Sir Matthew Hale. Mackensie sc. 1805; ^
oval.
There is a portrait of him in Guildhall, by Michael Wright, wl«
painted portraits of many of the judges »
romoted This excellent person^ whose learning in the. law was scai^
ay 18, equalled, and never exceeded; was, in many respects, one of tN
roost perfect characters of his age; Nor was his knowledge luniM
to his own profession : he was far from inconsiderable as a philp^
pher and a divine. He was as good and amiable lit his private,^^
was great and venerable in his public, capacity. His decisions U|
the bench were frequently a learned lecture upon the point of Isfi
and such was his reputation for integrity, that the interested
were generally satisfied with them, though they happened to
against themselves. No man more abhorred the chicane of Iv
yers, or more discountenanced the evil arts of pleading. He ^
Very conscientious, that the jealousy of being misled by his
tions made him perhaps rather partial to that side to which be
least inclined: Though he was a man of true humility,* he vras
• See Baxter'* " Life/' foU part iii.p. 17^
OF ENGLAND. 121
ioseosible of that honest praise which was bestowed on him by the
general voice of mankind, cmd which must have been attended with
tfaat telf-applause which is the natural result of good and worthy
actions. The pride, which deserves to be called by a softer name,
was a very different thing from vanity. He is therefore very un-
justly represented as a vain person by Mr. Roger North, who, by
endeavouring to degrade an established character, has only degraded
his own. Ob. 25 Dec 1676.*
SIR RICHARD RAINSFORD, lord chief-justice
of the King's Bench, &c. W. Claret p. R. Tompson arc.
large h. sh. fnezz.
Sir Richard Rainsford, who was but a secondary character in his Promoted
profession, had the disadvantage of succeeding a man who was con- ^^^^*
fessedly at the head of it. His merit, eclipsed by the superior lustre
of his predecessor, appeared to be much less than it was in reality.
He was as much above Sir William Scroggs, his successor, in point Resigned
of integrity ,t as he was below Sir Matthew Hale in point of ^*J>^^'^^
learning.
SIR FRANCIS PEMBERTON, lord chief-justice
of England, 1681. His head is in the print of the
Bishops' Counsel. — See the next reign.
Sir Francis Pemberton is well known to have been a better prac- Promoted
titioner than a judge, to have been extremely opinionated of his abi- ^P" ^^'
fides, and to have rather made than declared law. The Lord-keeper
* At the end of his " Life," subjoined to his " Conteraplations," &c. 8vo. his
printed works only are enoroerated ; but Bishop Buniet, author of that " Life," hath
specified all his manuscripts, and told us where they are to be found. See the sepa-
rate edition of the '* life," 1682.
t '• I have read somewhere,"^ says Dr. Swift, «* of an eastern king, who put a
jodge to death for an iniquitous sentence, and ordered his hide to be stuffed into a
cushion, and placed upon the tribunal, for the son to sit on, who was preferred to
his father's office. I fancy suoh a memorial might not have been unuseful to a son
of Sir William Scroggs; and that both he and his successors would often wriggle in
their seats, as long as the cushion lasted." — Drapier's ** Letters," No. V.
X Probably in Latimer's « Sermons.
VOL. V. R
»>
W 122
BIOGRAPHICAL HISTORY
y
Iford said, that " in making law, he had outdone king, lords, '
and commons."' The Lord Chief-justice Saunders, wbo succeedei
Sir Francis Pemberton, was too extraordinary a person to bepamd
over in lUence. He was origiDally a strolling beggar iibwtdK '
streets, without known parents or relations. He came often 10lN| :
(crapB at Clement's Inu, wher^ he was taken notice of for hsiOI-
comroon sprightliness ; and as he expressed a strong inc]tnatiai*f)
learn to write, one of the attorney's clerks taught him, aadlfl^
qualified him for a hackney writer. He took all opportmutie^tf
improving himself by reading such books as he borrowed oC^
friends ; and, in the course of a few years, became an able aUOfbaiq
ajid a very eminent counsel. His practice in the court of Hl^
Bench was exceeded by none : liis art and cunning were eqolAjil
his knowledge ; and he carried many a cause by laying snares. jlT
he was detected, he was never out of countenance, but evade^'fte
matter with a jest, which he had always at hand. He waantddi
employed by the king, against the city of London, in the bnsiacit'^
the qvn warranto. His person was as heavy and ungatn, tx;}iHJ9C
wax alert and sprightly. He is said to have been " a mere InAvn
morbid flesh :" the smell of him was so offensive, that people iwffin'
held their noses when he came into the court. One of his jests n
this occasion was, that " none could say he wanted issue, for he had
no less than nine in his back." See more of him in North's "Lift
of the Lord-keeper Guilford," p. 224, 225.+
SIR GEORGE JEFFERIES. R. Grave sc. Svo.
Sir George .lefferies succeeded Sir Edmund Saunders as lord
chief-justice of the King's Bench, September 29, 1683.1 ,^f^:
• " Life of the Lwd-keeper Gailford," p. SS2.
i One of Ihe daugbters of Sir Francis Pemberton murieil Dr. William Sta^j,
dean ofSt.Anpb, tome liiue master of CorpuiCliristi Calltga, Cambridge, aud aii^
ofui anonyttolu liact frf particular merit, (MUIhI 'fSbe 7«i(li aadPn^M^^
ChnrdiDfETigfandlifan.*' Theedtlors' of the " Bodleian Catalogue" haiealtiibiiteA
" TI.C Romish Horse-leech" lo the same author ; bul of this ^Ir. Masters speak*
•J doubtfullj.J It has also, with citreiuc probaliilitj, bceu aliribnted toThomm
Slavel«y,|| esq. author of " Tho History of the Cliurches in Eneland," which was
scarce, and has lately hceo reprinted by T. DaTiea, with ailvantf ge.
of tlie Chancellors," p, 189.
i P. 1T&
H For whom Stanle'
most probably mislaker
n.ituk»i.v lit -'-'-'"
OP ENGLAND. 123
L'EstrangQ and the pope, together with Jeflferies and the devil,
were burnt in effigy by the populace in this reign. See the next
JOHANNES VAUGHAN, miles, capitalis justicia-
rius de Communi Banco^ Anno 1674. R. White sc.
Before his '^Reports.'*
Sir John Vaughan, a man of excellent parts, was not only well Promoted
versed in all the knowledge requisite to make a figure in his pro- ^^
feision, but was also a very considerable master of the politer kinds
of learning. He maintained a strict intimacy with the famous
Mr. Selden, who was one of the few that had a thorough esteem for
him. His behaviour among the generality of his acquaintances was
haughty, supercilious^ and overbearing: hence he was much more ad-
mired than beloved. He was, in his heart, an enemy to monarchy ;
but was never engaged in open hostility against Charles I, The Earl
of Clarendon, who had contracted some friendship with him in the
early part of his life, renewed his acquaintance after the restoration,
and made him overtures of preferment : but these he waved, on a
pretence of having long laid aside his gown, and his being too fkr
Advanced in life. He afterward struck in with the enemies of his
friend the chancellor, and was made lord chief-justice of the Com-
mon Pleas ; an office which, though not above his abilities, was per-
haps superior to his merit* He died in 1674, and was buried in tlie
Temple- church, as near aS possible to the remains of Mr. Selden.
His " Reports" were published by his son Edward.
SIR THOMAS TWISDEN, one of the judges of
the King's Bench. Ob. 1682 ; h. sh. mezz.
Shr Thomas Twisden was sent to the Tower by Cromwell, for
pleading in defence of the rights of the city of London, for which he
was retained as counsel. He was made a judge of the King's
Bench soon after the restoration, and continued in that office about
twenty years ; after which he had his quietn-s. He was created a
baronet in 1666.
SIR THOMAS JONES, one of the judges of the
King's Bench, plaret p. Tompson &rc. h.sh. mezz.
124 BIOGRAPHICAL HISTORY
Sir Thomas Jones was a lawyer of some eminence, but his name
very rarely occurs in the histories of this reign.* We oftener meet
with that of Sir William Jones, who was a warm advocate for the
Exclusion Bill.f Sir Thomas Jones was member of parliament for
Shrewsbury. On the 29th of September, 1683, he was made lord
chief-justice of the Common Pleas. He was author of " Reports
of Special Cases in the Courts of King^s Bench and Common Pleas,
from the 22d to the 36th Year of the Reign of King Charles II.
1729;" foL
GALFRIDUS PALMER, miles et baronettus, attor-
natus generalis Car. II. regi. P. Lely p. R. White sc.
Mr. Cambridge has the original picture.
Geoffry Palmer, a lawyer of distinction in the reigns of Charles
the First and Second, was son of Thomas Palmer, esq. of Carleton,
in Northamptonshire, by Catharine Watson, sister to the first Lord
Rockingham. He was representative for the borough of Stamford,
in Lincolnshire, in the Long Parliament, in which he was a chief ina-
nager of the evidence against the Earl of Strafford. He afterward,
from principle, adhered to the royal party, with which he was a fel-
low-sufferer, having been imprisoned in the Tower by Cromwell,
who dreaded his abilities, under a pretence of his plotting with the
cavaliers. Upon the restoration of Charles H. he was made attor-
ney-general and chief-justice of Chester. It should be remembered
to his honour, that he was, in the early part of his life, one of the
select friends of Mr. Edward Hyde, afterward earl of Clarendoiir
He died May 5, 1670, aged seventy-two years.
Sir JOHN HOSKINS was an excellent master in Chancery, and
a man of an irreproachable character. He was more inclined to the
* The curious reader may see a passage to bis credit in Sir J. Reiesbj's " Mi'
moirs/' 8vo. p. 233. Sir John Dalryrople^ where he speaks of ITi'ng James's Tiii
attempt to assert the dispensing power, mentions the following passage. Itii
reported, that the king said to Jones, " He should have twelve judges of his owi
opinion ;" and that Jones answered, " Twelve judges you may ponibly find, sir;
but hardly twelve lawyers." ^
t See Burnet, vol. i.
t " Memoirs,*' I p. 153.
1 c
a-'
OF ENGLAND. 125
study of the new philosophy, than to follow the law ; and is best
known to the world as a virtuoso. See the next reign.
"JOHANNES KING, eques auratus, serenissimo
Carolo 2** regi legibus Angliae consultus : illustrissimo
Jacobo duci Eboracensi advocatus generalis ; ac etiam
ex honorabili Interioris Templi communitate socius.
Ob. 29 Junii, A^ Dom. 1677, M. 38. Corpus in aede
Templonim sepultum jacet,* quarto die Julii anno
praedicto, ubi mausoleum erigitur," &c. W. Sherwin sc.
large h. sk.
Sir John King, a finished scholar, an accomplished gentleman, a
modest man, and a pious Christian, was educated at Queen's Col-
lege, in Cambridge, whence he removed to the Inner Temple. He
promised to make a more considerable figure in the law than any
man of his age and standing, and was greatly countenanced by
Charles II. who intended him for a rival to Sir William Jones the
attorney-general, as he strenuously opposed all the measures of the
court. It is probable that he would soon have supplanted him, if
he had not been prevented by death. Such was his reputation, and
so extensive his practice, that in the latter part of his life, his fees
amouiited to forty and fifty pounds a day.f
The Honourable ROGER NORTH, esq. M. circ.
30. P. Lely p. 1680. G. Vert ue sc. 1740. Before his
^^Examen,^' Sgc. 1740 ; large 4to.
Roger North, esq. son of Sir Dudley North, and a near relation
of the Lord-keeper Guilford, with whom he chiefly spent the active
part of his life. He applied himself to the law, and was, in this reign,
a counsellor of note, and in the next attorney-general. He has taken
great pains, in his '* Examen into the Credit and Veracity of a pre-
tended Complete History,"^: to vilify that work ; and has, in several
instances, contradicted facts founded upon authentic records, and
• Sic. Orig. t Echard, p. 936, 937.
t Dr. White Kenact's '* Complete Hutory of England/*
126 BIOGRAPHICAL HISTORY
decried or extolled the characters of perwrns, wbose merit or de»
merit is as well established as these facts. He was also author of
the Lives of Francis, lord Guildford, lord-keeper ; of Sir Dadlej
North ; and of Dr. John North, master of Trinity College, in Cam-
bridge. These are generally bound together in a large quarto% He
is so very micapdid in his character of Judge Hale as to bring hb
veracity in question in the characters of others, where. he had, pa^
haps, a much stronger temptation to deviate from the truth.
SIR CHRISTOPHER TURNOR. Wright jm.
S.Harding sc. In Harding's ^^ Biographical Mirrcuri^
from the original in Guildhall.
Sir Christopher Tnrnor, knight (descended from the Tumon of
Haverhill, in Suffolk), was bom at Milton-Emys, in Bedfordshirei
1607. After his school education was completed, he was admitted
at Emmanuel College, Cambridge ; from thence removed to the
Middle Temple, and was called to the bar 1633, with the celebrated
Earl of Clarendon. During the time of anarchy and confusion, \i
is said to have laid aside the gown and have taken up the sword in
support of the crown. He became a bencher of the Middle Temple
1654, and was of considerable eminence in his profession. At th£
restoration he was made serjeant-at-law, and constituted a baron
of the Exchequer, and had the honour of knighthood conferred upon
him, 1660. He sat upon the trials of the regicides^ and was ex-
tremely cautious in the execution of his office, in matters of life and
death. After the fire of London, he and his contemporaries made
an oflFer of their services to settle the differences which might arise
between landlord and tenant, in rebuilding the city. In gratitude
for such signal services, the portraits of Sir Christopher and the
other judges were painted, and placed in Guildhall. Oh. 1675,
Mt. 68.
JOHN COOK ; a small head in the frontispiece to
the ^^LiveSy Speeches^ and private Passages^ of Persons
lately executed ;'' London, 1661; ^vo.
JoHl^ Cook ; in an oval; 9fV0.
OF ENGLAND. 127
John Cook, solicitor-general. R. S. Kirby exc.
Mr. John Cook was a barrister of Gray's Inn, where he resided,
and was in considerable practice, when appointed to the office of
solicitor-general by that power that dared to bring Charles the First
to a public trial. Some writers insinuate it was more through po-
verty than principle he engaged in the undertaking ; but whoerer
^ look to the manner in which he conducted the charge, may per-
ceive he was no way behind the President Bradshaw in acrimony
^nst the unfortunate monarch. The Rump Parliament, on the
lOth of January, 1648, after they had made an act for constituting a
Wgh court of justice, directed an order to Mr. Cook, together with
Mr. Ask and Dr. Dorislaus, to draw up a charge against the king.
In this Mr. Cook was most particularly active, and when the king ap-
peared in court, exhibited the following charge : " That he the said
John Cook, by protestation (saving on behalf of the people of Eng-
lind the Uberty of exhibiting at any time hereafter any other charge
against the said Charles Stuart ; and also of replying to the answers
which the said Charles Stuart shall make to the premises, or any of
them, or any other charge that be so exhibited), doth for the said
treasons and crimes, on the behalf of the said people of England,
inpeach the said Charles Stuart as a tyrant, traitor, murderer, pub-
lic and imjplacable enemy to the Commonwealth of England, and
prayeth that the said Charles Stuart, king of England, may be put
to answer all and every the premises, that such proceedings, exami-
nations, trials, sentences, and judgment, may be hereupon had, as
shall be agreeable to justice ; and farther prayed justice against
Urn, saying the blood that had been spilt cried for it.
On the king's attempting an endeavour to shew the incompetency
of this court to try the question, he was ever interrupted by Cook,
who complained to the court of tlie time being trifled away, and
Dioved, that if the king would not plead to the things complained of
in the charge, judgment might be taken pro confesso: and the last day
demanded judgment of the court against the prisoner at the bar (the
title he gave the king), upon which sentence was given and execu-
"Ott soon after fbllbwed. So little appears Mr. Cook to have had
*^y compunction for the part he acted in the trial, that he shortly
^r wrote a book, entitled, " Monarchy no Creature of God's
^"^^JoDg ;" in which he states " that the late king was the fattest
•^criiice that ever was ofiered to Queen Justice."
128
BIOGRAPHICAL HISTORY
The parliament, to reward Mr- Cook, ordered him, as the thankB
of the house, 300/. pet annum, in the county of Waterford, in Ir
land, whither tliey Bent him likewise in quality of a judge. Hewi
not long here before the commiflsioncrs for government in Ireland
made choice of him as the chief judge to examine, try, and pn
sentence upon an act lately passed against the delinquents (as tliey
were termed), those who had been found guilty of assisting the late
king in his troubles. He continued to act in his judicial capacity in
Ireland, until the restoration of Charles the Second, when he v
seized, and sent prisoner to England, in order to take his trial for
high-treason. During the time he remained in power, it was hia
practice occasionally to preach up and down ibe country,
being himself an Anabaptist, he particularly favoured all of tbst
sect.
Mr, Cook, after remaining Jn confinement four months, i
brought to the bar of the Old Bailey, October 14, 1660 ; and, after
a trial that occupied the best pari of the day, upon the clearest eri-
dence as to his preparing and drawing the charge stated ii
dictment, was found guilty.
On Tuesday,Oct. 16, 1660. Mr. Cook was drawn upon a h
from Newgate to Charing- cross, the place appointed for executioa
and, in order to intimidate and disturb his thoughts, the disfigarei
head of Major-genera! Harrison (who had been executed a few d«ji
before) was placed, with the bare face before bim, on the sledge;
but, notwithstanding the dismal sight, be passed rejoicingly throng
the streets, as one borne up by that spirit, which man could HI
cast down. He ascended the ladder very cheerfully, and told th
sheriff that as for himself he thanked God he could welcome d
but as for Mr, Peters (who was to die with him), he could very ff
have wished that he might be reprieved for some time, for that iu
was neither prepafed nor fit to die. After some failher observationi
the executioner did his office, and being quartered, his head wau*
dered to be set on Westminster Hall, and his limbs v
the gates of the city of London.
L
FABIAN PHILIPS ; fi-om a rnimalure. G. P.
ing sc. 4 to,
Fabian Philips was born at Prestbury, in Gloucestershire, on ih
28th of September, 1601, and in early youth passed some timeiit
RICHAKD LAIv'GHOKN. Ixecuiedi.
PubUiKd J/ef.'/hUi fy J*ryfici,B^ea, r-fiffiaur. J! Strand.
OF ENGLAND.
129
FAie inns afCltuicery, aad dience removed to the Middle
iple, where lie attained a great knowledge of the law. Hit
lEiptes were decidedly royal ; he was a Btreauous asserler of tlie
1*8 preiogative, add so.zealous Id his endeavours to eerve the un-
s Charles I. that two days before the kiag was beheaded,
I in defiance of the daugers to which such a conduct exposed
^ he drew up a protestation against the " intended murder,'.' and
d it to be printed, and affixed to posts in all the public places.
EjMao published, in 1649, a pamphlet entitled, " Veritas Incmt-
;.or, King Charles I. no man of blood, but a martyr for bis
In 1653, when the courts of justice at Westminster, espe-
fSie Chancery, were voted down by the Long Parliament, he
ished hia " Considerations against the dissolving and taking
n.Bway :"- for which he afterwaf-d received the thanks of Lent-
L ^fe former speaker, and orte Of the " Keepen of the liberties
After.the reatoratioti; of Charles U. when the bill for
hiag tenures was dependihg. in" parliament, he published his
wnda non ToUenda i or the necessity of preserving Tenurfea
pite, and by Knight's Service, &c." and in 1663, he published
ge Antiquity, Legality, Reason, Duty, and Necessity, of Prte-
ind Pourveyance for the King." Both these tracts are in
b : and he afterward printed many other pieces on subjects'of
irkind. He likewise assisted Dr. Bates in his "Elfinehus
' especially by searching the offices and records for au-
w that work. His passion for royal prerogatire was far
xiar to his sagacity; for so late as 1681, he wrote his "Ursa
t Minor ; shewing that there is no such fear, as is factiouslf
ntded, of popery and arbitrary power." He died on the 17th of
Hiber, 1690, in his eighty-ninth year, and was buried at Twy-
I Middlesex. . ■
tor some time Mr. Philips was filacer for London, Middlesex,
" Iridgeshire, and Huntingdonshire ; and he is reputed to have
t (Considerable sums in searching records and writings, and
flflhing in favour of the prerogative; yet the only advant^e he
iared was the place of a commissioner for regulating the law ;
ii 200/. per annum, but which only existed two years.
s.- lUCHARD LANGHORN, (counsellor at law).
E.'jjittprelf.Ato.mezz-
130
BIOGRAPHICAL HISTORY
Richard Langiioun ; mezz. W. Richardjsofi ; ilo.
executed 14 July, 1G7&.
Richard Langhorn^ &c. iw Caulfield*s
markable Persons ;' Svo. -
ii.
Re-
Richard Langhorn, a Papist, who had long passed for a Pro-
testant, was much employed by the Jesuits in the management of
their affiurs. Though he was said to be of a fair cbaracter m \k
profession, his conduct, on some occasions, seems to bave bees
scifficiently artful and Jesuitical. A little before the restorsitiwi, be
engaged a half-witted person to manage elections for him in Kent;
and was asked by Mr. John TiUotson,* who was privy to the secret,
why he employed so weak a man in that business* He verj frankly
told him, that it was a maxim with him to employ mea of his dia-
racter ; because, if such agents should take it into their heads ts
turn informers, it would be easy to invalidate their evidence, by
representing them as madmen* He was convicted, upon the testi-
mony of Titus Oates, of conspiring the death of the king. Dnnng
his trial, and at the place of execution,, he persisted in asserting bii
innocence ; but his enemies gave Httle or no credit to his asseveia*
tious. It was even said,, that prevarication and falsehood for tbt
Catholic cause^ was not only allowed, but deemed meritorioiis bf
the- church of Rome ; and that a man who dared to perjure hioneif
for the R Ornish religion,, was esteemed but little inferior, in point of
merit, to one that dared to die for it. He was executed the 14th
of July, 1679,
" RICHARD GRAVES, esq. of Mickteton,t a
bencher and reader of Lincoln's Inn, clerk of the peace,
and receiver-general for the county of Middlesex. He
had t^o wives, by whom he had issue nineteen chil-
dren; six sons, and thirteen daughters; and died 1669,
aged 59." G. Vertuc sc^ h. sh.^
* Afterward archbishop of Canterbury. See Burnet's " llist. of bis own Tum/
L p. 230.
t Near Campden, in Gloucestershire.
X The late Mr. Graves, a clergyman, who wrote " The Spiritual Quixote/' an if-
gemuust romance iu tlie manner of Cervantes, wa« descended (ram tlut iamily-
Sir GF.oReK Mackenzie.
<>f''/6c)i, ^' 6s.
OF ENGLAND.
SCOTCH LAWYERS.
SIR JOHN NISBET, of Dirieton, lord-advocate,
PafondeL R, White K. h.'ih.
Sir JcJiB Nisbet, an etuinenit *ad «[>righl lanyer, an excelleot
whotar, and an un corrupt patriot, particnl'aily distiDguuheil himself
^; pleadino; against a standing mDitia in Scdt]and, in the reigD of
Cbarles I], in which he was one of the commiBsionerH that treated
"Hh thoBe of England concerning a union of the two kingdoina.
lie wai sacceeded in his office of king's advocate by Sii O«0Tg8
Miekenme."
afiORGIUS MACKENZIUS, a vafle rosavum, &c..
P. Yartdrebam sc. h.sh. . ,
$ft-GEORGE Mackexzee; cjww; ffwfto, " Futna
^l^duai'' h.sh. R.Wood.
8tt.GE0BtiE Mackenzie. W. Rkkardmn ; 8vo.
^tt^.G^ORGE Mackenzie ; in an oval; folio.
Theie is a good portrait of him, much like this print, in the ptc
lure gallery at Oxford.
Sir. George Mackeazie, an ^le lawyer, a polite scholar, and a
celebrated wit, was king's advocatef in Scotland, in the reign of
Clihrles and James II. He was learned in the laws of nature and
oatioos; and particularly in those of his own conn try, which he
iHutrtted and defended by bis excellent writings. He finished hit
(todies at the uniTersities of Aberdeen abd St. Andrew's, before he
was sixteen years of age ; and is said to have pleaded at the bar
before he was twenty. He was a g^eat master of forensic eloquence,
on which he haa written an elegant discourse,! which contains a brief.
tTbit aniwrri to the office a[Btloriiej--griii!iiil in Eiiglaiid.
J It ii entitled " l<tpa KluijiiciiliiB lursmit faudiciiia:," &u.
132 BIOGRAPHICAL HISTORY
but comprehensive compendium of the laws of Scotland. The polite-
ness of his learning, and the sprightliness of his wit, were conspicuous
in all his pleadings, and shone in his ordinary conversation. Mr.
Dryden acknowledges, that he was unacquainted with what he calls
" the beautiful turn of words and thoughts" in poetry, till they
were explained and exemplified to him, in a conversation which he
had with " that noble wit of Scotland, Sir George Mackenzie.*'*
He has written several pieces of history and antiquities, and also
pssajs upon various subjects ; none of which were more admired,
than his ** Moral Essay upon Solitude, preferring it to public Em-
ployment, such as Fame, Comiriand, Riches, Pleasure, Conversa-
tion," &c. This was answered by Mr. John Evelyn. It is hard to
say which of these gentlejnen was capable of enjoying the pleasures
of solitude in a more exquisite degree. But Mr. Evelyn, who in
his character resembled AtticuSy as much as Sir George did Cicero^
was so honest, as to prefer the active life to speculative indolence,
from a consciousness that it is infinitely more for the advantage of
mankind. Sir George came into England soon after the revolution,
with a view of enjoying that learned retirement which he longed
for in the university of Oxford. In June, 1690, he was admitted
as a student into the Bodleian Libraiy ; but died within a year
after his admission, at his lodgings in London, on the 2d of May,
1691. He was a great benefactor to literature, having founded the
advocates* library at Edinburgh, which now contains above thirty
thousand volumes.f His works were printed at Edinburgh, in
1716, in two volumes folio. Sec the reign of James II.
SIR JOHN GILMOUR, president of the court of
' sessions of Scotland ; from an original picture painted
by old Scougalj at Inchy near Edinburgh. C. B. Ryley
sc, 8w.
Sir John Gilmour, of Craigmillar, a Scotch advocate, who had,
at the restoration of King Charles the Second, the more credit,
having always favoured the king's side, obtained the high office of
president of the court of session, in which post he gave an applaud-
ed instance of his impartiality, in the stand which he made in behalf
• Dedication to Drydcn's " Jurenal," p. 1^2, 133, 6lh edit.
t Pennant's " Tour in Scotland/' p. 48.
OF ENGLAND. 433
•
of Archibald Campbell, the first marquis of Argyle, od his trial for
treason 9 in v^hich an attempt was made to convict the noble pri-
soner of the murder of King Charles the First, by presumption
and precedent. Gilmour declared, that he abhorred the attainting
of a man upon so remote a presumption as that adduced, and
looked upon it to be less justifiable than the much- decried attainder
of the Earl of Strafford ; -and therefore undertook the argument
against the Earl of Middleton ; and had so clearly the better of him,
that, although the parliament was prejudiced against the marquis,
and every thing was likely to pass which might blacken him, yet,
when it was put to the vote, the noble prisoner was acquitted
of the charge, by a great majority.
Gilmour presided at the head of the court of session ten years
with great dignity and ability ; viz. from June 1st, 1661, to January
17th, 1671-2 ; at which time he was succeeded by Sir David Dai-
ry mple, viscount Stair.
SIR PATRICK LYON, of Carse,knt. judge of the
high court of Admiralty of the kingdom of Scotland.
R. White ad vivtim sc, h. sh.
CLASS VII.
MEN OF THE SWORD.
JACOBUS TURNER, eques auratus; ill armoury
arms, motto, ^' Tuiie cede Malisr R. White sc. h. sh.
Sir James Turner was a man of great natural courage, which
was sometimes inflamed to an uncommon degree of ferocity, by
ttroDg liquors ; in the use of which he freely indulged himself.
When the laws against conventicles were put in execution in Scot-
land, he was ordered to quarter the guards, of whom he bad the
command, in different parts of that kingdom ; and, in an arbitrary
manner, to levy fines, and otherwise punish the delinquents. He
134 BIOGRAPHICAL HISTORY
treated the people with such rigour as gav^ the highest offence:
and happening to fall into their hands unarmed^ he expected every
moment to he sacrificed to their resentment. Bat as they found
by his orders, which they seized with his other papers, that he had
been enjoined to act wi^ still greater rigour, they spared his life.
He was frequently reprimanded by Lord Rothes and Archbishop
Sharp for treating the people with too great lenity, but never for
his acts of violence. He was a man of learning, and wrote " Essays
on the Art of War," published in folio, 1683.
COLONEL GILES STRANGEWAYS, of Mel-
bwry Sarapford, in Dorsetshire.
I
*< The rest fame speaks, and make his virtues known,
By*s zeal for the church, and loyalty to the throne.
The artist in his draught doth art excel.
None but himself, himself can parallel.*
But if his steel could his great mind express,
That would appear in a much nobler dress.'
yt
D. Loggan ad vivum delin. h. sh. scarce.
Giles Strangeways. Clamp sc.
This worthy gentleman, who descended from one of the most
ancient and respectable families in Dorsetshire, was representative
in parliament for that county,t and one of the privy council to
* Theobald ?eems to have adopted this line, with very little variation, in his
" Poublc Falsehood/'
None but himself can be hit parallel.
The thought is so very singular, that it is extremely improbable that two persons
should have hit upon it, and varied so little in the expression.^ Sir William Temple
lias varied more ; where speaking of Caesar, he says, that be was '* eqaal only to
himself."^
t It appears from the *< Notitia Parliamentaria,'' that the coanty of Dorset has
not been without a representative of this family from the reign of Mary, to that of
George I. In the former of these reigns, Giles Strangeways, knt. was member of
parliament for that county.
t See Bathos, &c. chap. vii.
j Sec the ^' Ebsay on the (/ardcns of Epicurus.
,•> . . .«•
i ■
n.
■-A-.>;
''■. "v .:' l ' ■
C-ttjAh'i i> Jvlnrnt -/o 6 2 .
TuUiiM. Ftby«'^HD i,^ WTRiiAst^f OH. Jun.nrkHa,i! strand
OF ENGLAND. 135
Charles II. Id the time of the civil war, he had the command of
a regiment in that part of the royal army which acted under Prince
Maurice in the West. In 1645, be was imprisoned in the Tower
for his actiye loyalty, where he continued in patient confinement
for two years, and upwards of six months. There is a fine medal*
lion of him, struck upon this occasion ; on the reverse of which is
represented that part of the Tower which is called' Caesar's; with
^ inscription, Decusque ado€TiUi*^derunt*f When Charles fled
into the West, in disguise, after the battle of Worcester, he sent
bim three hundred broad pieces ;t which were, perhaps, the most
leosonable present that the idyal fugitive ever received. But this
was but a small part of the sum which is to be placed to the account
of his loyalty ; as the house of Strange ways paid no less than
35,000/. for its attachment to the crown. t 06. 1675. The present
Countess of Ilchester is heiress of this family.
GENERAL ROSSITIER, parliamept general; in
Simons " Medals^' plate 20.
General Rossilidr, of Somerby. in the county of Lincoln, com*
nanded the Lincolnsfairfi troops, and with Poi^tz besieged Shalford-
house, in 1645; and afterward concurred with Fairfax and Monk
in the restoration, and received the honour of knighthood. He
married Jane, daughter of Sir Richard Samwell, of Upton, in the
county of Northampton, bart^
COLONEL JOHN BARKSTEAD ; an oval, in the
same plate with Colonel Okey and Miles Corbet, h. sh,
very scarce.
Colonel John Barkstead, tvith his seal and
autograph; 8vo, •
Colonel John Barkstead. W. Richardson; 8vo^
* Evelyo'i " Numisraata," p. 115.
f See « An Account of the Preservation of King Charles IL after the Battle of
Worcester," (published by Sir David Dalrymple) p. 46,
t Uoytf*! '« Memoira.'
»►
I3G BIOGRAPHICAL HISTORT
John Baikstead was by profession a goldsmith; and kept a'shofi
in the Strand ; but on the breaking out of the civil war. he quitted
trade, and entered into the parliament army ; where he so mucji. -
distinguished himself by his service and zeal in the cause he bad
embarked in, that he was made captain of a foot company undier
Colonel Ven, at Windsor; and shortly after made governor rf
Reading. He so actively discharged the trust reposed in him, aii.
particularly to attract the notice of Cromwell, who never was at .a
loss to discover merit, and to appropriate the talents of those who.
were possessed of it, to his own use and service ; and, on his
becoming possessed of supreme power, knighted Barkstead, ani ■
made him one of his lord:^. He had previously, by the parliament, :
been intrusted with the custody of the Tower, in which office
the Protector fully confirmed him ; and likewise appointed hiia
major-general of London. Barkstead though a thorough rcpub- j
lican, joined in every change of government during the usurpation;
and is reported to have amassed great wealth by extortion from the
imfortunate loyalists committed to his custody; while keeper of the
Tower ; whom, on several occasions, he is said to have treated witK
uncommon severity, by which conduct, he; became equally odious
and detestable to them, as Bradshaw, or Cromwell hiniself.
On the restoration of monarchy, feeling the danger he stood in,
he fled to the continent, and lurked for some time in various parts
of Germany, under feigned names, but at length settled at Han'aii;
where he was elected a burgess ; but imprudently quitting that
free city, in company with Colonel Okey and Miles Corbet, iii
order to join their wives whom they had appointed to meet at Delftt
in.HoUand; the circumstance coming to the knowledge of Sir George
Downing, the British envoy for the king at the Hague, he caused
Bairkstead and his two companions to be arrested and conveyed to
England, in order to take their trials for the share they had in th«
death of the late king.
After having remained some time prisoners in the Tower, Bark-
stead, with Corbet and Okey, were brought to tlie King's Bepcl( *
bar, and there demanded what they could say for themselves, why
they, should not die according to law, the act of attainder being
read to them ; to which they alleged, they were not the same per-
sons therein described, but sufficient witness being in readiness to
prqve their identity, slsntence of death was pronounced sigainst
them ; and on Saturday, April, 19th, 1662, all three were execute^
at Tyburn. Ihe head of Barkstead was set upon a 'pole, ajid
. or ENGLAND. 137
iM^ed on Traitor's Qite, in Ubie Tower ; of which place he had heen
lyremor. — ^The treason he stood charged with, was^ the attendapc^
s gave eyery day on the trial of the late king, and signing the
arrant for his execution.
The royalists gave out that he died meanly, having, as supposed^
tken some stupifying drug previous to his leaving the prison*
lodlow* on the contrary, asserts, that he died with cheerfulness
ad courage, no way derogating from a soldier, and true English*
um ;. and though he was not in England at the time, little question
an arise but he had a faithful report of the transactions that took
lace with respect to the manner with which the judges of Charles
be First were proceeded ag^nst, and the way in which they under-
rent the sentence pronounced against them^
Col. FRANCIS HACKER ; from an original pic-
lure. G. Barrett sc. Ato.
Col. Francis Hacker. Cook sc. %vo.
Colonel Hacker was one of those soldiers of fortune that rose to
rank, and became noticed, throughout the troubles of the times
they lived in. Very little is known of his private history, or from
irhat family he was descended. As a soldier and officer he was
lield in great trust by Cromwell and his party, and acted a prio-
^[>al part in the tragedy of King Charles the First. The parta-
enlars of the share Colonel Hacker had in that transaction, is re-
lated by Colonel Tomlinson, a£ Hacker*s trial, in the following
i^ords : " I had indeed to do with the guard ; being then an officer
of the army, a colonel of horse. When the king came to St. James's,
it was observed by some, that there was too great an access of
people admitted to the king ; and within a day or two after, there
was a party of halberdiers appointed for the stricter observing the
guard ; they were commanded by three gentlemen, of whom this
prisoner at the bar was one. The orders every day for removing the
person of the king were commonly directed to four persons, and
those were, myself, lieutenant-colonel Cobbet, Captain Merryman,
and one monr ; but the guards that still went along were the hal*
berdianu So that every day when the king did ^ to Westinin^te^,
be went to Sir Robert Cotton*s house, and so fer I went with hiin,
but never saw him at that pretended high court of justice. ^When
VOJL. r. T
A-H
138 BIOGRAPHICAL HISTORY
he used to go to Westminster Hall, Serjeant JDendy-roed to come;*
and demand that the king should go to the high court of jastioii
and Colonel Hacker did ordinarily go with him, with the Ut
berdiers. It was my custom to stay in the room till he came faidk
ag^in. These orders continued during the time of his trial. Afcr
the sentence was given^ on the day whereon the execution was it
be done, it was ordered, that the guards that were for the secnikf
of the person of the king should cease, when a warrant froin M
high court of justice for the execution should be produced.'* Cokiil
Tomlinson further deposed, " that Colonel Hacker led the Uij^
forth on the day of his execution, followed by the bishop of Im
don, and was there in prosecution of that warrant, and upon
same their orders were at an end."
This evidence of Tomlinson was corroborated bv Col
Huncks, who stated, <' that a little before the hour the king Mi
he was in Ireton's chamber, in Whitehall, where Ireton and Ari
rison were in bed together; that Cromwell, Colonel Hacker,
tenant-colonel Phayer, Axtel, and himself, were standing at Ai'
door, Colonel Hacker reading the warrant; but upon witn<
refusal to draw up an order for the executioner, Cromwell wi
have no delay, but stepping to a table that stood by the door,
which were pens, ink, and paper, he wrote something ; whidi
soon as he had done, gives the pen to Hacker, who also
something, on which the execution of the king followed.''
He was found guilty, and executed at Tyburn, October 19, 1
His body was put into a hearse sent to tlie place of executioi
his son, who had begged it of the king ; and the request
granted, without quartering, the son caused him to be buriel
the city of London.
CoL JOHN JONES; a small head, inthefranth
to the Speeches, Passages, and Letters of several
sons lately erecuted; 1661 ; 8vo.
Col. John Jones, with his seal and autograph;
Colonel Jones, by birth a Welshman, came at a very earlj
to London, and was patronised by his kinsman Sir Thomas
dlelon, lord mayor in the year 1613.*— In this gentleman^s ser
he lived many years ; but the wars coming on, he entered into
OF ENGLAND, 139
pariiament army, aad shortly attained to the rank of captain. In hit
prkiciplesy he was a strict republican* and was taken great notice of
by the Cromwelian party; through whose interest he obtained a seat
in parliament^ and came to be made governor of Anglesey, in North
Wales.
Ck)lonel Jones, Miles Corbet, Edmund Ludlow, &c. were sent
commissioners of parliament for the government of Ireland, where
Jones began with reforming the abuses which existed concerning
the brewing of beer and ale, nor would he suffer any one to hold a
public employment that were found tippling in alehouses. He was
eensured for discountenancing orthodox ministers, and encouraging
a Mr. PatientSy formerly a stocking-footer in Londpn, to preach
every Sunday before the council of Ireland, in Christ Church*
Dublin ; and ihat, finally, to go into an alehouse, or a Protestant
church, during his domination, were crimes alike, and alike pu-
mshed ; insomuch that none but Anabaptists and Welshmen were
entertained at that time in beneficial places.
After settling the affairs of Ireland to his full desire, Colonel
Jones returned to England, and was in great favour with the Pro-
tector,* who constituted him one of his lords ; but upon his death,
in the protectorate of his successor Richard, Jones was again made
one of the commissioners for the government of Ireland, and went
over in July, 1659, with Ludlow, who was commander-in-chief of
the forces ; but Ludlow soon after returning to England, and being
well convinced of Jones's ability and principles, left him his deputy
there ; armed with this double power of commissioner, and head
of the mihtary department, in the execution of what he deemed
requisite, he gave great umbrage to Mr. Steele, then chancellor of
Ireland, a man of haughty spirit, who thought his province invaded,
and in disgust left Ireland, and the government thereof to his more
SQcoessful rival in power.
In the interim the !Rump Parliament was turned out by Lambert,
and a committee of safety appointed. On the 6th of December
foUowing, about five o'clock in the evening, Colonel Sir Theophilus
Jones, Colonel Bridges, and two or three more discountenanced
officers, in pursuance of a design very privately contrived, and
carried on, seized on Colonel Jones, and the ^est-of the then coun*
cil of Ireland, took the castle of Dublin, and declared for a parlia^
ment; and General Monk, who was then in Scotland, and had
J * Whose sister be married. .- .
140 BIOGRAPHICAL HISTORY
declared for the like. Jones was kept a dose prisoner in the castle
of Dublin, but the Rump Parliament coming into power again,
sent for him and the rest over; but by the time he arrived in Loo-
don, the secluded members had regained their seats in parliament;
and outvoted all republican principles. Preparation being made
for the king's coming home, Jones carefully hid himself; but not'
withstanding his conceatment, he was discovered one evening about
twilight in Finsbury Fields, apprehended, awl carried prisoner to
the Tower of London, where he remained till he was broitght to
On the 12th of October, 1660, Mr. Jones was put to the bar,
hh bedfellow, Mr, Scot, being immediately before tried and found
guilty. He said he considered it but vain in him to plead any
thing in justification of what lie stood charged with ; for that (he
arguments of the court and council were the same, and that they
had contrived to overwhelm any attempt of the prisoners to make
a. defence, and in consequence pleaded only to the general issue,
and was of course found guilty^
On the Wednesday following, Mr. Jones, with Thomas Scot,
Gregory Clement. Adrian Scroop, and Francis Hacker, were drswn
on hurdles to Charing -cross, and there exeeulcd.
RICHARD DEANE ; from a drawing in the King's
" Clarendon ;" 4to.
Richard Dease, with his seal and autograph.
R. Grave sc. &vo.
Richard Deane is said to have been a servant to one Button, a
toyman in Ipswich, artd to have been the son of a person ib the
same employment. When the civil war broke out, he entered the
parliament army as a matross in the train of artillery ; and ren-
dered them so much service, particularly at Exeter, that he gra-
dually rose to be a captain in the train, and afterward progressively,
though rapidly, to be a colonel. He was one of those who, De-
cember 18, 1648, iViet Sir Thomas Widdrington and Mr. Whitlock,
at the Rolls, with Lieutenant-general Cromwell, and Lenthall, the
speakei* of the House of Commons, under pretence of getting
some settlement for the nation, and, as it were, combine both par-
liament, the army, and the law, in one common interest ; but this
OF ENGLAND. 141
waf only a |dausible matter to give time to the army to effect the
[rarpose they meditated against the person of the king, and it was
therefore spun out for some days ; though it does not appear that
he was called upon again in the matter, ifhich was chiefly left to
CfMnwell.
The heads of the army perceiTed, that if the king and parlia-
flMnt made up the quarrel between themselves, they should be dis-
banded;' and having left their former professions, would be left
destitate : to ward off, therefore, what of all things they dreaded,
they determined to cut off the king, after modifying the parliament
to their own mind, and lay the groundwork for making them their
Ukils in future. Cromwell confided in Deane to take a very ma-
terial part in this, which he did, and none was more active in car-
rying things to the last extremity ; he, therefore, was named one of
the judges in the high court of justice, and was most active in
going through the office : he attended every sitting, except in the
Painted Chamber on the 12th and 13th of January, and in West-
minster Hall the 20th, and set his hand to the warrant for the
king^s execution.
In the month succeeding that of the king's death, he was ap-
pointed one of the commissioners of the navy, with Popham and
Blake; and in April he became an admiral and general at sea,
and went with Admiral Blake in a squadron in the Downs, whilst
his regiment of horse was appointed by lot to go to Ireland, to
subdue the rebels there ; and he and Blake soon after set sail for
Ireland, and put into Kinsale, to take the ships which were there,
commanded by Prince Rupert and Prince Maurice ; leaving Blake
in that port, he with a squadron lay upon the western road.
In February, 1 649-50, he returned to Portsmouth in the Phoenix,
and gave information to the parliament that several vessels with
rocmits were cast away upon the coast of Ireland in their passage
tiiither.
The Dutch war breaking out, he was again sent to sea, and
joined with Blake and Monk in commanding the navy ; meeting
with Van Tromp, the Dutch admiral, near the North-Foreland,
ikej recK^ved to give him battle. Blake was to the northward
ifhen he first saw the Dutch navy off the coast of Flanders. The
strength of both republics was called out to dispute which of the
mab was to command, and govern at sea. Tromp had to assist
him Admirals Evertsen, De Wit, and De Ruyter.
Vioe-admiral Lawson, at the head of die blue squadrcMi, made
142 BIOGRAPHICAL HISTORY
the attack, by charging through the Dutch fleet with forty shtpg.
The squadron of De Ruyter were principally sufferers in this furioua
onset ; Van Tromp therefore iiastened to his assistance. Btake
and Oeane, wlw were botli in the same ship, perceiving the ad-
miral's movement, attacked him with the main body ; the fleet
continuing engaged until three in the aflemoon, when the Dutch
fled, and were pursued by the hghtest of the Eoglish frigates; but,
unfortunately, Deane fell at the first fire of the enemy, a cannon
ball dividing his body at the onset. The second day the battle was
renewed, and a most complete victory gained by the English, The
battle was fought September 28, 1652.
A public thanksgiving was given for this victory, in gratitude to
Providence for the first fruits of those naval conquests that afterward
were to be so greatly ilhiatrioua. To evince the great esteem that
the Protector had for private merit, a public funeral was decreed
by him for the remains of the deceased admiral. Tlie corpse was
conveyed in a barge from Greenwich to Westminster, attended by
inaiiy other barges and boats in mourning equipages. As they
slowly passedalong, the procession was saluted by the guns from the
shipping-at the Tower, and ordnance planted for that purpose in the
way to Westminster Abbey, where the body was buried, attended
by many persons of the greatest consequence in the government,
invited by cards sent from the council ; besides large bodies of the
military ; and to do his memory still more honour the Protector.in
person assisted. At the restoration, his body, with many others,
was taken up and buried in a part of the cemetery of St. Margaret's
church, adjoining the Abbey precincts.
The wealth that he gained was as great as his successes had
been extraordinary. Amongst the estates he possessed was tiie
manor of Havering, at Bower, in the county of Essex, tlie park of
which he demolished, after it had for so long a space been appro-
priated for the chase, by our sovereigns, and where King Henry
VIII. often came ; it was in an eminent degree, likewise, there-
tiring place of our monarchs.
All his estates were_ seized by government, his name being in-
serted, though he was dead, in that part of the bill which excepted
from pardon those more immediately concerned in the murder of
King Charles.
Deane loft a widow and children, who, from the time of his
death to the funeral, had 100^. per day; and 600^. per annum in
land was settled upon Mrs. Deane in reward for his public >
OF ENGLAND. 143
^ANU^ AXTEL ; a small head^ in the frontispiece
I the UveSj Speeches, and private Passages of those
^erwns lately executed. London, 1661 ; 8t;o.
.Daniel Axtel ; a head, in an oval ; ^vo.
Axtel was a native of Bedfordshire, but settled \u London,
hiere bis friends bad sent him in order to be apprenticed to some
ide. The business he chose was that of a grocer, which for some
ne he followed ; but the troubles coming on, Axtel came to the
itennination of not remaining neuter, and entered the parliament
my as a private soldier; but quickly arrived at the mark of
fire public notice. When the army were collected together at
ewmarket, in a mutinous manner against the parliament, delegates
ere chosen out of each company to represent their grievances.
xtel (then bnt an ordinary officer) was pitched upon as an eminent
tid fit person to carry on their design of refusing to disband the
may, when they were commanded thereunto by the parliament ;
iid when the parliament and the king had come to the terms of
eace in the Isle of Wight, he came up at the head of the deputies,
nd at the bar of the parliament-house impeached the members
iiereof, calling them rotten members, and other ill names ; and at
ftat time, being lieutenant-colonel to Colonel Hewson's regiment
if foot, was particularly active the day the secluded members were
biven from the House and imprisoned, and was more than ordi-
nrily officious in that business.
' Colonel Axtel commanded the guards every day during the trial of
lie king in Westminster Hall, and when the king came through the
Mdl,he ordered the soldiers to cry Justice ! Justice ! When the charge
i^ read, and the king called upon to answer in the name of the
Commons of England, a lady (Fairfax) from the gallery said, ** Not
Ufthe Commons of England;'* which being heard by Axtel, he
■M to his soldiers, ** Shoot the w — e, pull her down," with
otter insulting epithets ; and on the last day of the court's sitting,
pierious to the sentence being given, he ordered them to cry,
becntion! Execution!
'Saving made himself very busy and active in support of a com-
iH)iiwealth; in preference to kingly government, on discovering the
^i|koblican cause to be lost, and Charles II. daily expected to land in
^gbnd, Axtel committed himself to the private chamber of a par-
"^fqhx friend, who, thinking himself not safe to entertain him after
144 BIOGRAPHICAL HISTORY
proclamation was made for his apprehension, deliyered him up to
the first constable he could find, who carrying him before a justice oi
the peace, he was immediately committed a prisoner to the Tower.
Colonel Axtel was tried at the Old Bailey, October 15, 166©,
found guilty, and executed at Tyburn, on the 19th of the saoM
month. In his defence he averred himself to be no counsellor, no
contriver, no parliament-man, none of the judges that tried the late
king, but only obeyed the orders of his superior officers, and did iMl
conceive himself guilty of a higher offence than the Earl of Esieii
Fairfax, or Lord Manchester.
Col. ROBERT LILBURNE; from a miniature bf
Sam\ Cooper ; in the possession of Mr. R. Grave-.
Caroline Watson sc. 4to.
Col. Robert Lilburne; mezz. Woodbum exc. 9vo\
Col. Robert Lilburne, with his autograph an^
seal; Svo.
Robert Lilburne eariy imbibed a violent hatred to the coorl-.
party, which was no way diminished by the rigorous punishmevi
inflicted through a Star-chamber sentence on his brother, the celen
hr^ied free'born John. On the first breaking out of the war, he join^
the parliament army, and throughout the contest shewed the greal«
est bravery and conduct. He progressively rose to the rank ot
colonel, and was held in such estimation by the parliament, as wA
as the army, that he was appointed one of the leading men.. to
form the tribunal, which brought the devoted Charles to trial. .Tbii
was effected under the immediate influence and direction ofCroaht
well. The colonel sat as one of the king*s judges, and attended.aa
the Painted Chamber on the I5th, 17th, 19th, 23d, 25th, and
27th day of January, and all the days iii Westminster Hall^^ani
signed the warrant for execution. ..".......
In 1651, at the head of three regiments, he attacked and moxmH
completely defeated the Earl of Derby, who had mustered a
siderable force at Wigan, in Lancashire; and so decisive. :in
this victory, that of one thousand five hundred men the earl Ul
brought into the field, he scarcely had thirty left, when he escaped
OF ENGLAND. 145
to Song Charles the Second, at Worcester. The engagement lasted
ibottt an hour.
• In 1653y he was appointed commander-in-chief in Scotland,
vbich kingdom he greatly assisted in bringing to absolute subrois-
Mm to the English parliament ; marching to the very extremity of
die Highlands, being every where victorious : he remained there
until 1654, and was as true to Cromwell, as he had been to the
pariiament. The Protector, when seated in full authority, placed
the most unbounded confidence in Colonel Lilbume. He not only
continued him one of the committee of his division in Yorkshire,
of the city of York, but gave him very great authority under Lam-
bert, the major-general ; and when that officer shortly after fell
into some discontent, and was superseded, the important trust
lie held was conferred on Lilbume, who appears to have been
every way qualified to discharge the office to the satisfaction of his
employer ; for he was as assiduous in privately ruining the royalists,
as he openly had been in the field. And when he had seized Lord
Bellasyse W York, in 1655, he wrote to Secretary Thurloe, to know
his highness's farther pleasure about him ; '^ for as I remember,''
says he, ** he was once pricked down, I entreat your speedy answer
herein, and I shall be glad to know what you do in general
with such kind of cattle" His conduct was particularly severe
against the loyal clergy, whom he denominated *' scandalous
ministers/'
At the restoration, he was excepted absolutely as to life and
estate, though he had surrendered himself; and being brought to
trial at the Sessions-house in the Old Bailey, Oct. 16th, 1660, he
pleaded not guilty ; but the facts of sitting the last day, and sign-
ing the warrant for putting the king to death being proved, he was
convicted, and being asked what he had to say why sentence should
not be passed, he replied, " I shall not wilfully nor obstinately
deny the matter of fact ; but, my lord, I must and I can, with a
▼ery good conscience, say, that what I did, I did it very innocently,
without any intention of murder ;. nor was I ever plotter or con-
triver in the business. I was for the withdrawing of the court, when
die king made the motion to have it withdrawn; and upon the day
die king was put to death, I was so sensible of it, that I went to my
diamber and mourned, and would, if it had been in my power, have
preserved his life. My lord, I was not at all any disturber of the
government ; I never interrupted the parliament at all. I had no
hand in these things, neither in 1648, nor at any other time. I
vbL, V. V
146 BIOGRAPHICAL HISTORY
shall humbly beg the favour of the king, that he wpuld be pleaded
to grant me his pardon, according to his declaration which I laid
hpld on, and rendered myself to the proclamation,"
The counsel for the prosecution on thi^ state^poent^ Qb$QfTiil9
they should urge nothing more against him, his life w»3^ spaied^r
but he was sent prisoner to the Isle of St. Nicholas, near PlymQUJt)iy
whei;e he died in August, 1665, aged 52. He left several chUdreiB^
and his father being living at the tim^^ of his trial, and n.o way im-
plicated in the troubles of the times, the colonel's children inherited
their grandfather's estate of Thkkly Punchardqn, Durham, and ie-
veral others ii^ Yorkshire.
ADRIAN SCROOP ; a small head, in the frontis-
piece to the Lives, Speeches, and private Passages of
those Persons lately executed. London, 1661 ; 8v(?.
Adrian Scroop, with his seal and autogrdph; 4to.
Colonel Adrian Scroop was descended of a very anci^nt and v^
spectable family in Buckinghamshire, the head of which was en-
nobled. Mr. Scroop himself was possessed of a very consiiderablt
estate, was of puritanical principles, and a gi;e^ stickler against - .
episcopacy. On the commencement of the troubles, he took u||
arms in support of the parliament, and went forth at first a, capjt{iin
of horse, which he raised himself, at the he^d of which he cqppeared ^
at Edge-hill. He immediately after attained the ra^ik of rosyor, 1^4
soon became a colonel of horse. t ,
In 1647, he united with other officers in the anpy, iapi^jes^Qtii^ >
a charge against the eleven members, whoin tfie paijliau^ent haA ^
taken exceptions to, and was ^ent ta suppress a revolt, €^ it wm '
termed, in Dorsetshire, occasioned by a clergyn^an pf ,'t|h|^ chufldh^ "*
of EngljEind, named Wake, having presumed to use the liturgy t^ :*
his congpregation ; and when the Puritans had gone in tp. previpj^ ii
it, the people had rescued their minister^ and souQdly bea^ff, thQ^ h
sent to apprehend him, which was so great ^ grieyanpe^. tH^X^ tl|^ «l
committee of Derby-housp had represented the outrage to tl^; • •
general. . , .
Colonel Scroop's sentiments were so lyell known ip.rp^pc^ tc^gf •'.
republican government, and the dislike he had to the person of t}ie.
king, that he was appointed one of the commissipaprs^qf; the ^Mi^i
OiF ENGLAND. 147
ft of justice; which he said he was leii into through the per-
ricm of Cromwell, as being an officer in the army, though he
i Berer in parliament; and what was rarely seen in any other
libera of that tribunal, he sat every day in the Painted Chamber,
I ill Westminster Hall, and signed and sealed the warrant for
cntioii^
ifler the death of the king, Colonel Scroop's regiment was drawn
lotto go to Ineland ; but his men chose to act as they thought
St conyenilent for their own ease, and declared they would not
thither ; but sent letters to general Ireton to acquaint him with
ir resolution ; but at length some of the men softened and de-
red for their general, expressing their readiness to go whither-
kver he commanded, and the rest immediately followed their ex-
pie. Scroop was, however, excused going to that kingdom,
ng appointed in October, 1649, governor of Bristol Castle, where
remained for some time; and wheo the parliament thought
Tsper to slight that government, he was appointed, in 1657, one of
I commissioners to Scotland, in conjunction with General Monk,
od Broghill, and others ; this change was contrived by the policy
Cromwell, who felt convinced Scroop's republican sentiments
ght have done him much mischief in so important a place as
iistol; and that his title of Protector was equally obnoxious as
■t of a king could be. Ludlow was of this opinion. When
leaking of Scroop's removal, he says, '* not daring to trust a per-
(hof so much honour and worth with a place of that consequence ."^
IJpbn the arrival of Charles the Second in England, he issued a
radamation commanding those that were his father's judges to
ffttttf who had either fled the kingdom or hidden themselves^ in
>ier \a claim the indemnity within a limited time. Colonel Scroops
^^et to avail himself of this benefit, comes in and delivers him^
tf ti>1he speaker, with some others, and a vote was made, that he
iBIdd be only fined a year's value of his estate : but soon after
Biog into discourse with General Brown, concerning the trial and
Wi of the king. Colonel Scroop strenuously justified himself as
tlie way in which he had acted, and said, ** He did betieve it to be
nmwder,** with other e:spressions tending to prove that the king
I deserve death ; which being reported to the parliament, tie wM
kMji excepted otit'df the act of general pardon : and being
m^t to his trial in the Old Bailey, Oct. 12, 1660, he pleaded
t guilty, and in his defence stated he did not so much as attempt
joitify the act 6f which he stood accilsed, as the power by which
148
BIOGRAPHICAL HISTORY
he acted, saying the authority wad owned both at home andabnndt
and that he was no parliament man, but acted by their authority
and commission, who were then the supreme authority of the na-
tions, and he hoped that authority would excuse him. This pk%
however, being overruled, the jury were directed, who brought In
in guilty; and on Wednesday, Oct. 17th following, he wa$ brooj^
from Newgate to Charing-cross, upon a hurdle; appearing laf!
cheerful during this his last earthly journey, and viewed the gibUi
undismayed, but bewailed his unfortunate discourse with G^noil;
Brown, which he attributed as the cause of his , being brongM;
thither. After praying some time very fervently, he was hnii
and afterward quartered.
THOMAS SCOT ; a small head, in the fT(mtispm\
the Lives, Speeches, and Private Passages of H
Persons lately executed. London, 1661 ; ^vo.
Thomas Scot ; small oval. J. P. Harding sc. 8w. L
Thomas Scot; small oval, with his seal and avb]
gvaph; 8w.
Mr. Scot was of very respectable descent, of good property,
had received a liberal education ; though his adversaries, by
of reproach, make him out to have been the son of a mean bi
and assert that he also had carried on the same business in
well Precinct. But Ludlow, who was intimately connected
him, informs us, that he was educated in the university of
bridge ; a thing very unlikely, had his friends been of the meani
count stated. Certain it is, that he was a man of consideraUei
lities, and acted as a solicitor at Aylesbury, in Buckinghf
for which borough, upon a vacancy in the Long Parliament, he
elected to serve as member ; and, by his alliance with Sir Tl
Mauliveler, in wedding his daughter, greatly strengthened
means and power. On this event taking place, he abandoned I
profession of an attorney, and entered die . parliament army ai!^
major, and was made one of their committee for the county
Berks.
He particularly distinguished himself in bringing to trial the
r
r
r
I I
OF ENGLAND, 149
foituimte Charles the First, sitting as one of the commissioners, and
tigned the warrant for his execution. In the Commonwealth he
made a very conspicuous figure, and was constantly named one of
the executive body ; for he was appointed in the councils of state
m 1649, 1650, and 1651 ; and during all the time the Long Par-
liament continued, he had considerable power, and bore a great
sway in their proceedings. But, upon that revolution, that trans-
ferred the power into the hands of Cromwell, his influence was
over, and he became extremely dissatisfied, and looked upon Oliver
as a betrayer of that common cause, the republicans had ventured
every thing to establish. He however strove, and procured a seat
in that parliament, which conferred upon the man he so much dis-
liked, the title of Protector ; which, widi all the opposition he made
to the adoption of, he possessed not power sufficient to prevent.
Aylesbury also returned him in the second parliament called by his
highness ; and in 1656, he was chosen for that place, and endea-
voured to be for the borough of Wickham, in Suffolk ; of which.
Secretary Thurloe, writing to Henry Cromwell, major-general of the
army in Ireland, says, " Tom Scot was not content with his electibn
of Aylesbury, but endeavoured to be chosen at Wickham, but lost
it there. Colonel Bridges, late major to Okey, is chosen, who, as
your lordship knows, is a very honest sober man."
Upon the downfal of the Cromwelian interest he rose to a
greater consequence than ever he bad possessed, and was considered
as one of the firmest supporters of the republic. In November,
1659, he was appointed one of the council of state, where he con-
stantly attended, giving out and sealing commissions for raising
of forces ; and they appointed him secretary of state, and custos
rotulorum of the city of Westminster.
When General Monk arrived with the army in London, and re-
stored the secluded members of the Long Parliament, in order to a
dissolution with their own consent, Mr. Crew, one of the members,
moved, that before they separated, they should bear witness against
the horrid murder of the king ; one of the members protesting that
he had neither hand or heart in the affair. Mr. Scot rose in his
place, and replied, " Though iTcnow not where to hide my head at
this time, .yet I dare not refuse to own, that not only my hand, but
my heart also was in it ; and I desire no greater honour in this
wbrldy than that the following inscription may be. engraven on my
tomb: HERE LIETH OKE WHO HAD A HAND AND A HEART IN
TBS EXECUTION OF CHARLES STUART, LATE KING OF ENGLAND ;"
150 BIOGRAPHICAL HISTORY
kiid then left the houge, followed by all those attached' U> Us ptflfri.j
eiples.
In order to escape the impendiDg storm^ Mr. Scot got on boaMi
TBSBel to escape to the continent, but was intercept^ by a kmd(
piratical crew, who suspecting what he really was, one df tite'^
scribed republicans (without, however, being able to ascertaiaii
after plundering him with impunity, set him on shore in HampAimj
He still contrived to find friends, who procured him another Veui^i
which conveyed him to Flanders ; where, die instant he landed, In^
was seized by an agent for the king; but Don Alonzo CardeAam
^vernor of the Netherlands, who had received some civilities ft«l,
Mr. Scot, while he was ambassador to the Conunonwealth, wiliiftiiSi
Castilian honour set him at liberty. Mr. Scot now considei^d thrf
b^t way he could act, would be to surrender hiniself voluntarily tit
the English agent, in order that he might the bettier claim thebieit»-
fit of the act of indemnity, within the time limited by law; andwui
brought over to England in order to take his trial, which tookplflOl
at the Old Bailey, Oct. 12, 1660; when, notwithstanding hii pM
of surrendering to the king's proclamation, h^ was found guilty, and
Executed at Charing-cross, the 1 9th of the same montii; hafii^
rendered himself too obnoxious to receive mercy !
JOHN HUTCHINSON, esq. Neagle sc. 4to.
JortN Hutchinson, esq. t^i^A his seal and autograph.
R. Grave sc. 8vo.
John Hutchinson, esq. was eldest son of Sir Thomas Hutchinson^
of Outhorpe, or Obethorpe, in Nottinghamshire, knight. Sir Tho-
mas was one of the representatives in the Long Parliament, for the
county of Nottingham, and both father and son were of the parlia-
ment-committee for it.
This gentleipan drew his sword in the interest of the parliament,
and entered very deeply into their designs from the commencemeotf
of the civil war, and rose from a cornet to be a colonel. The par-
liament intrusted him with the important post of being governor of
Nottingham Castle; and in 1643, he wrote to his employers, that
the Earl of Newcastle had offered him 10,000/; to' appoint him
governor of it under the king, and make it hereditary in his family,
^nd also to create him a baron, if he would sunender to him for the
OF ENGLAND. 151
: of his maje&ty ; «}l whioh be had refiised. — la the following
ify Imb ^ttacl^^ a part of the kug's garrison of Newark, slew Cap*
I TbjnA]|>lf!h|rr$ueMl took fifty prisoDers ; and the next day, captiirecf;
|VQ o{ the IpjaiUltjtft.;' va which iiumber were twenty gentlemen and
mn» .with si)ty of their horses and furniture.
^B- w^i QOt so fortunate in the year 1645, £or a troop of horse
o^ tbu^ same place having stormed a fort upon Trent-bridge, near
\ garri^ooi, became master of it, and put about forty of them
ijtfi 3M(Oj<)r At this time there existed some differences between
IgpVQi^r and the committee of the county ; and it being so great
lILimpQrjtant a situation which he held, it was referred to- a com-
ittee of both kingdoms to take care for the safety of the place. He
W tbeo. a; member of the House of Commons for the county, upon
Hi deatji^ofhis fiather. A little time after he had another engage-^
ffHt wildx the. royal troops, and obtaining the advantage, took sixty-
jltQ aad forty-eight foot, some officers and arms. As one of tha
9|iy he was extremely active against the king, and being appointed
fK of the. cojnoiissiooers of the high court of justice^ he was both
IpUiply and privately busy ia the ruin of the unfortunate monarch ;
fp^ one. of the committee for carrying it on, he sat every day in
to Pai|)ted Chamber, and in Westminster Hall, except on the 12th
nd 25th days of January,, and signed the warrant for execution.
The parliament, under the control of the army, named him one of
lie council of state in 1649, and 1650, but he never more was
VQflted. A mutual jealousy taking place between him and Crom-
well, he was deprived of his government of Nottiagham Castle y
vhich was at length ordered to be demolished by its last governor,
3iptam Poulton, though it had been repaired at a very great expense,
ttd rebuilt in a very beautiful manner. It is observable, that a
pBat part had been taken down, and the iron, and other materials^
^i by King Charles I. just before the civil war. Col. Hutchinson
^ now reduced to the state of a private gentleman, from which the
W^tector would not permit him to again emerge ; for when, in li656y
^ wished to be returned for the county of Nottingham, he was so
^>OBed by the government, that he lost his election.
'VlHieiitthe republican government was restoired, he again took his
^fi^ in the Long Badiaroent that reassembled ; and to the great
^l^a^.of aU» eidromely pressed the House to proceed against Sir
eniy Vane> fbr not removing into the country, according to their
!4er^ though: h« wa5, it waa. known, indisposed as not to be able
b^tfml gr^at dmgecto hisJife; but at.tUB^ time he had made hia
152 BIOGRAPHICAL HISTORY
peace, through General Monk, with King Charles II. ttioo^
wonderful by what means, for he had then no goyemment, (
portant castle to deliver up. He was not therefore pat in i
ceptive clause in the bill of indemnity as one of the king^s j
which saved himself and his family from public disgrace:
was too obnoxious to retain his seat in the convention parlian
to go at large ; he was therefore sent prisoner to Deal Cs
Kent, where he died, and his remains were sent to Outhor]
buried in the vault he had long before prepared, when be
the church. In his religious principles he set out as a rigi
byterian ; but afterward became a staunch IndependentySi
in the communion of the church of Englapd.
By his pardon he was enabled to leave his seat and m
Outhorpe, and the manor of Salterford, in the forest, with
quired property, to his son, Charles Hutchinson, esq. The
sold their large seat and estate of Outhorpe about the yea
when they removed to Woodhall Park, in Hatfield, Herts^
came to them by marriage with the heiress of the Botel^rs ;
Rev. Julius Hutchinson, of Bowes, near Southgate, in Mid
about the year 1790, disposed of it to the Marquis of Sal
who had pulled down the old mansion, though the repairi
had cost that gentleman from 3000/. to 4000Z.
Major-Gen. Sir THOMAS MORGAN; a
length etching. E. B.Gulston fecit ; half sheet.
Major-Gen. Sir Thomas Morgan ; from c
ginal picture in the collection of — Tynte^ esi
Cooper 6'c. 4to.
The first intelligence we have of this republican comms
recorded in a successful plan he laid to surprise a garrisoi
interest of King Charles the First ; which he effected in th<
ing manner : the besieged governor wanting hands to woi
fortress, issued out a precept in the king*s name, directei
constables, &c, in the neighbourhood, to send in such pe
were likely to serve and assist on the occasion. Morgan
time a colonel in the Commonwealth's service, being apprise
governor's intention, disguised a number of his troopers, ir
OF ENGLAND. 153
Crocks and other country apparel, at the head of whcnn preceded a
felloWy representing a constable, at the head of the supposed loyal
recmits. In the mean time he had taken care to place a quantity
of arroa and ammunition within a few paces from the entrance to the
besieged place. The sentinels on duty, not doubting but the party
were friends, readily admitted them within the works, and were in
consequence soon mastered ; ^nd the remnant of the rebel pasty,
with Colonels Birch and Morgan at their head, made an easy con-
quest of the royalists.
He appears to have been in great favour with Oliver Cromwell,
by whom he was intrusted with the command of the English forces,
whio^ Cromwell sent to assist the French against the Spaniards, in
die year 1657, at the siege of Dunkirk. The particulars are drawn
^ by the general himself, under the following title : *' A true and
jast Relation of Major-general Sir Thomas Morgan's Progress in
France and Flanders, with the six thousand Eaglish, in the Years
1657 and 1658, at the taking of Dunkirk, and other important
Places :" London, 1699 ; quarto. It has been reprinted in the Har-
IctaB Miscellany, and in Morgan's Phoenix Britannicus.
When General Monk was making a party in Scotland, he became
Jealous of the rising greatness of General Lambert ; and when the
latter with his army had passed York, Monk called an assembly of
the Scottish nation, whom he prevailed on to advance him an arrear
of twelve months' tax over the kingdom ; and after he had assigned
tliOBe whom he thought fit to leave behind him, he placed the whole
under the command of Major-general Morgan. To this circum-
stance may be attributed the easy terms on which Morgan made his
peace with the royal party. The latest notice we have of the
major-general, is the attendance made at the funeral of his old
commander. Monk, duke of Albemarle, where he carried the guy-
tlon, supported by Sir John Griffith, and Colonel Henry Marckham.
Colonel JOHN RUSSELL, brother to William, first
duke of Bedford ; from the original by Dobson, in the
gallery at Althorp. Worthington sc. 8vo.
Colonel John Russell; in Harding's '^ Biogra-
pkical Mirrour'' S. Harding deL 4to.
Colonel John Russell was the youngest son of Francis, earl of
VOL. V. X
154 BIOGRAPHICAL HISTORY
Bedford, by Catharine, sole daughter and heiress of Giles Bridges,^
lord ChandoB. He very early embraced a military life, and serv-ed
with great reputation during the civil wars, in the cause of King
Charles I. ; and after the restoration of King Charles II. was made
colonel of the first regiment of foot-guards, and died unmarried.
The true and lively portraiture of that valiant and
worthy patriot and captain SIR GEORGE RAWDON,
knight and baronet; JEtatis suce 63, R. White delin.
et sculp, Ato.
This head belongs to a set, which was engraved for a genealogi-
cal history of his family, in manuscript ; from which Mr. Thoresby
has given us some extracts, in his ** Ducatus Leodiensis."
Sir George Rawdon was of the elder branch of the family of that
name, long seated at Rawdon, in the neighbourhood of Leeds, in
Yorkshire. In 1641, he went into Ireland, in the quality of seijeant-
major to^Lord Conway's regiment of foot; where he bravely -at-
tacked the rebels, and gave the first check to their rapid progress.
He was afterward made a major of horse, and had, for a long
time, the sole command of the cavalry in the province of Ulster.
He signalized his valour upon many other occasions ; and was uni-
versally esteemed an excellent soldier. He was, for his eminent
services, created a baronet, on the 20th of May, 1 665 ; and died in
August, 1683, in the 82d year of his age. He married Dorothy,
daughter of Edward, lord viscount Conway.
The true and lively portraiture of that valiant colo-
nel, THOMAS RAWDON, eldest son of that worthy
knight, Sir Marmaduke Rawdon, of Hodsdon : he was
agent from King Charles the 1st to John, the 4th king
of Portugal, and died at Hodsdon, 30th July, An** Dom.
1666 ; Matismce 54. R. White sc.
. Thomas Rawdon was born 1611-12, and at ten years of age was
sent ^o Bordeaux ; where., in one of the colleges, he learned Latin
and French. He returned to England with the Earl of Bristol; ani
'ia the passage contracted such a friendship with the son, Lord
OF ENGLAND. 165
George Digby, that a reciprocal kindness remained till their dea^s*
During the troubles of King Charles, he was made a captain of a
troop of horse, and afterward a colonel of horse. He was engaged
in both the fights at Newbury : in the first he had one of his horses
slain, and in the second narrowly escaped ; his buff coat being
shot through, near his belly ; but the bullet, being deadened, lay
between his doublet and shirt, unknown to him till he pulled off his
dothes. He was afterward sent as the king's agent into Portugal,
and was very much attached to his sovereign, by whom he was con-
stantly employed. After travelling abroad he retired to his house
at Hoddesdon, where he died, but was buried at Broxborne,
A SCOTCH GENERAL.
« General THOMAS DALYELL (DALZIEL), who
served Charles the Second at the battle of Worcester,
and thereafter being taken prisoner by the rebels, after
long imprisonment made his escape out of the Tower
of London, went to Muscovy, where he served the Em-
peror of Russia as one of the generals of his forces
against the Polanders and Tartars, till the year 1665/
when he was recalled by King Charles the Second ;
and thereafter did command his majesty's forces at the
defeat of the rebels at Pentland Hills, in Scotland ; and
continued lieutenant-general in Scotland, when his
majestjr had any standing forces in that kingdom, till
the year of his death, 1685, &c." D. Patton delin.
P, Vandrebanc sc. h.sh.
Thomas Dalziel, in armour. Lizars sc. In
Charles's *' Preservation,''
Thomas Dalziel, an excellent soldier, but a singular man, was
taken prisoner, fighting* for Charles II. at the battle of Worcester*
* Sec tbe memoirs referred to »t tbe end of this article.
156 BIOGRAPHICAL HISTORY
After his return from Muscovy, he bad the command of the king'f
forcets in Scotland ; but refused to serve in that kingdom under ^e
Duke of Monmouth, by whom he was superseded only for a fort*
night. After the battle of Bothwell-bridge, he, with the franknesi
which was natural to him, openly reproved the duke for his miscon* \
duct upon that occasion. As he never shaved his beard since tb^ ^
murder of Charles I. it grew so lon^, that it reached almost to hii i
girdle. Though his head was bald, he never wore a peruke ; ba( '^
covered it with a beaver hat, the brim of which was about three i
inches broad. He never wore boots, nor above one coat, which had j
straight sleeves, and sat close to his body. He constantly went to j
London once a year to kiss the king's hand. His grotesque figure ;
attracted the notice of the populace, and he was followed by a :
rabble, with huzzas, wherever he went. See a characteristic account
of him in the *^ Memoirs of Capt. John Creichton/* in the Idth vol,
of Swift's ''Works."*
OFFICERS OF THE NAVY.
JAMES, duke of York, lord high-admiral, gained the highest
reputation by his courage on board the fleet, in the first Dutch war.
He understood naval afiairs ; and his conduct with respect to the
navy, after he ascended the throne, ought to be remembered to bis
honour. He, in this reign, invented the signals used at sea. See
Class I.f
* The foUowing anecdote in Sir John Dalrjmple's Memoirs f is also characteristic
4>C his spirit :
*' James (the Second) gained numbers of the Scotch by familiarity. He had long
disgusted them by his distance : the change in his manners was owing to an.accS-
dent. When the Dutchess of York came first to Scotland, she one day obaerred.
three covers upon the dining-table. She asked the duke for whom the third w^ jiw
tended ? He answered, for General Dalziel, whom he had asked to dine with bin.
The dtttchess refused to permit a private gentleman to sit at table with hei. Dakiel,
who had been in the imperial service, entered the room in the mean time ; and,
hearing ^e scrupled of the dutchess, told her, he had alined at a table whef« her
father had stood at his back; alluding to the Duke of Modena's being a vassal of
the emperor. The dutchess felt the reproof, and advised her faaaband not to ofeod
the pride of prood men."
t Charles II. never attended (o any business, but that of the navy, whieh be per-
fcotiy anderstood . It is well known that the naval history of that prince h the
shining part of the annals of his reign.
I Vol. i. p. 136, 2d edit, notes.
QF ENGIiANP. J57
Prince RUPERT, who was brav€ to temerity, commanded the
fleet in conjunction with the Duke of Albemarle, in 1666. His cou«
rage in this war is mentioned with high encomiums by our poets*
and historians : but all these he richly deserved. It was indeed so
great, that it could scarce be exaggerated. In the last Dutch
war, he seemed to retain all the ptctivity and fire of his youth, and
beat the enemy in several engagements. He was succeeded in his
command of vice-admiral, by the Duke of Grafton, in 1682. See
Class I. and X.
GEORGE MONK, duke of Albemarle, who had acquired a great
reputation as a sea-officer, before the restoration, signalized his
courage, in an astonishing manner, in the memorable engagement
with the Dutch, which began the 1st of June, 1666, and continued
four days. He was very near being overpowered by numbers, when
he was joined, on the third day, by Prince Rupert, who ravished the
victory from the enemy^s hands. The last display of his courage,
which was equal at least to any other act of his life, was exposing
lumself to the cannon shot of the Dutch, when they burnt the
English ships at Chatham. This effort of valour, which looked like
rashAess, was then absolutely necessary, to encourage others to do
their duty. The love which the seamen had for him had as great
influence onboard the fleet as his personal bravery. They frequently
called him, ** Honest George Monck.'' See Class IL
EDWARD, earl of Sandwich, a man bf clear, as well as fervid
courage, commanded the fleet which brought over Charles the Se-
cond. One of the greatest battles ever fought with the Dutch, or
any other enemy, was on the 3d of June, 1665; when this gallant
officer bore with his squadron into the centre of the Dutch fleet, and
presently threw it into that confusion which ended in victory. He
Was not only a man of merit in himself, but had also much of that kind
of merit which endeared him to the sailors ; who, after the death of
the Duke of Albemarle, loved and revered him as their father and
piptector- S^e Class IJI.
SIR EDWARD SPRAGUE (Spragge), kn*. ad-
miral of the bliie squadron, 1672, &c.
V
* See Dryden's "Anuus Mirabilis/' iniiis Miscellanies, iii. p. 19, 20.
IS8
BIOGRAPHICAL HISTORY
" Si totus (fractus) illabatur orbis,
Impaviilum ferient ruinEe."
k. sh. mezz. oval.
Sir Edward Spragge. E. Harding.
This great and amiable man, who ia 1 672 saccecded tlia Eul oE
Sandwich in command,* very nearly TeEembled tliat DoblODin in
courage, benevolence, and sweetness of temper; and w«w)lwi
eminent for his abiUtiea in the cabinet. He was captain of anu
of war in the first engagement with the Dutch, on the 3d of Jiue.
1665 ; when he so far distinguished himself by his gallant be-
haviour, that be was soon after knighted by the king, on board ibe
Royal Charles. He attracted the particulai- notice of the Duke iJ
Albemarle, in the four days battle in 1666; and in another battle,
fought the 25th of July the same year, he contributed greatly to ihe
, defeat of the enemy. He burnt a considerable number of the
Dutch fire-ships when they came up the Thames, threw their fl«t:l
into confusion, and pursued it to the river's mouth. In 1671, he
burnt in the Bay of Bugia, seven Algerine men of war, which hul
been selected on purpose to fi^bl him. In the last Dutch war.k
singled out Van Tromp, whom, as be told the king, hewaadetfi-
mined to bring alive or dead, or peri&h in the attempt. AAer be
bad lost two ships in his engagement with the Dutch admirali Bed
was preparing to hoist his flag on board n third, a shot (tva ihi:
enemy sunk him, together with his boat. The generous Troapdid
not only do justice to his valour, but even lamented bis death. 0*>
U Aug. 1673.
GEORGIO AISCUE, Cavalier Ammiraglio, &c.
quarlo; 1660.
Sir George Ayscue, admiral; 1666. W. S^
ardson. ^
Sir George Ayscue ; bust on a pedestal; 8w>.
Sivaine sc.
.Atsciute,
(LMtlnu'yla/ /666.
OF ENGLAND- 169
' Sir George Ayscue^ admiral of the English fleet ;
eval; k. sk.
It is scarce possible to give a higher character of the courage of
this brave admiral, than to say that he was a match for Van Tromp
(fr De Riiy ter ; both *whom he engaged in the first Dutch war*
without being conquered. In 1648, when the fleet revolted to
Prince Rupert, he declared for the parliament, and brought the Lion
man of war, which he then commanded, into the river Thames. He
was the next year appointed admiral of the Irish seas, and had a
great hand in reducing the whole island to the obedience of the re-
public. In 1651, he forced Barbadoes, and several other Britfsh
settlements in America, to submit to the commonwealth. In 1652^ ^
he attacked a Dutch fleet of forty sail, under the convoy of four
men qf war : of those he burnt some, took others, apd drove the
rest on shore. Lilly tells us, in his Almanack for 1653, that he, the
year before, engaged sixty sail of Dutch men of war, with fourteen
nr fifteen ships only, and made them give way. He protested
agaunst Blake's retreat in that desperate action of the 29th of No*
vember^ 1652, thinking it much more honourable to die by the shot
of the enemy. This, and his great influence over the seamen, are
supposed to have been the reasons for his being afterward dismissed
from his command. He was a short time admiral in Sweden^ un-
der Charles Gustavus; but returned to England soon after the
restoration. In 1666, he commanded on board the Royal Prince^
the largest ship in the navy, and generally esteemed the finest in
the world. He engaged the Dutch with his usual intrepidity and
success, in that memorable battle which continued four days : but
on the third day his ship ran on the Galloper sand, and he was
compelled by his own seamen to strike. He was for some months
detained a prisoner in Holland ; and, during that time, was carried
from one town to another, and exposed to the people by way of
triumph. He never afterward went to sea.
WILLIAM PEN was, from a common man, advanced to the
rank of an admiral by Cromwell, with whom he was a great favour-
ite, before he failed in his attempt upon St. Domingo. After the
Protector's death, he was restored to his command, and knighted by
♦ Before the restoration.
ICO BIOGRAPHICAL HISTORY
Charles II. He was appointed one of the assessori to th«M
high -admiral, and had a. great share of his confidence and (ml
See the Intbrregkum, OIqes VII.
JOHN LAWSON, admiral of the EnglUh 1l«
1666 (1665); in armour; k. sh. mezz*
Giovanni Lausson, Ammjraglio Ingli
an oval; 4lo,
1^^
m
aUHvll^
footmftV
Sir John Lawson, admiral ; slain l]
W. Richardson.
Sir John Lawson, who was the son of a poor c
when he entered into the sea-service, upon the Bame foot H
and, like him, rose by regular gradations to an admiral. Henli
the actions under Blake, ^ho saw and did justice to bis tna]|>
he was a man of excellent sense, he made the justest obieivllu
upon naval affairs ; though in his manners he retained miu^l'rfl
bluntneBs and roughness of the tarpaulin. He was oftea tStA
with by the Duke of York, who had a high opiniotj of his judgiK
He acquitted himself with great courage and conduct in muiyi
gagements with the Dutch ; particularly in 1633, when he and ^
were rewarded with gold chains for their eminent serricei. X
Algerines, who were robbers by principle and profession, sod If
erected piracy into a system of government, were effectually clijl
tised by him, and compelled to submit to a more disadvantign
peace than they had ever made with any of the states of Cbli^
dom. He was vice-admiral under the Earl of Sandwich, whooi'l
for a short time, succeeded in command, when he was dismisBeS
the parliament. Though he was in his heart a republicaOfJ
readily closed with the design for restoring the king. He dlefl
June, 1665, of a shot in the knee, which he received in an engij
ment with the Dutch, off Harwich, when the Dutch admiral 1
blown ap ; in which he was observed to exceed ail that he had di
before.t
L
• I never heerd of any one wlio h>i} seen this prir
t The !»le Col. Richard Norton, of aouthmct, in I
rulin Lbwsdd. This gentlcioaii was reinarkahle for i
-W. Hic
SiE Johln.La'wson, Abmirail,
J^tSfMUfWJU'Aanlin, FfitHivrSlraad.
J
OF ENGLAND. IGl
SIR THOMAS ALLEN, admiral of the English
fleet, 1666 ; a truncheon in his hand; h. sh. mezz.*
Sir Thomas Allen, ^.73, 1686. Knelkrp. Van-
drebanc sc. sheet ; Jim.
Sir Thomas Allen, &c. B. Reading sc.
This biave and expert officer was the first that entered upon
hoatilities agaiogt the Dutch, in 1665, by attacking their Smyrna
fleet. The squadron that he commanded conBisted but of eight
riiips; tiut what he wanted in force, he supplied by courage and
conduct. He killed their commodore Brackel, took four merchant-
men richly laden, and drove the rest into the bay of Cadiz. On the
25th of July, 1666, be, at the head of the white aquadroQ, fell upon
the Dutch van, entirely defeated it, and lulled the three admirals
who commanded that division. The victory of this day, in which
he had a principal hand, was indisputably on the side of the Eng-
lish. Then it was that De Ruyter exclaimed, " My God, what a
irrttch sm I ! among so many thousand bullets, is there not one to
;lfieout of my'pain?" See the reiga of James II.
^-SIR JOSEPH JORDAN, admiral. Lelyp. Tomp-
9€xc. large k. sk. mezz.
t(R Joseph Jordan. Lely ; W. Richardson; '^to.
I most memorable action of Sir Joseph Jordan was in the
■'battle of Solebay.t when he fell with his squadron into the ^i^- j^
^ of the Dutch fleet, and threw it into the utmost confusion. 167*.
A left bii eslate to tlie poor id generaJ, and nomiuaCed the two arcliblshopi
; and, in case af liieir decllnii^g ttie tiusi, the parliatuetit. His orders
)l to bit funeral, and sevefal of his legacies, were equolJ; ettraordinary.
d to the late Kiag George several pictures, vhicb now teiDBia in (he
|l collcctioa, alio a print of St. Cecilia, after a paiadng of Raphael.t His grand-
's gold chain and medal were left (d Mr. Kichord Chicliley.— As llie (ettator
IS adjudged to be insBDC, his will was set aside.
* Query if there is an; aocb print. t Or Soutbitold Baj.
t I thiiib it iras that engraved liy Marc Antouio.
162 BIOGRAPHICAL HISTORY
The advantage was long on the side of the Dutch, as the Eaglisb
were overpowered by numbers ; but by this action, the fortune of
the day was reversed, and the English gained the victory, h
should also be remembered, that in this battle he abandoned Ae
brave and accomplished Earl of Sandwich to the Dutch fire-shipi,
in order to succour the Duke of York.
SIR WILLIAM BERKELEY, admiral; h a.
niezz.
. . . ■ •
Sir William Bartley,* admiral. P. Ldy p^.
jR. Tompson exc. k, sk. mezz.
Sir William Berkeley was son of Sir Charles Berkeley, and fani-
ther to Charles, earl of Falmouth. He was vice-admiral rf Ae
white squadron, and led the van in the desperate engagement ifi&
the Dutch, which began on the 1st of June, and continued fonr dqri*
Prompted by his usual courage, he steered into the midst. jof Ae
enemy's fleet, where he was soon overpowered by numbei^.* '|le
was found dead in his cabin, covered with blood. 0&. Ilile^
1666. ■ / •
CHRISTOPHER MINGH (Minxs), 1666, /(tf.»
Gualo Hist. Leopoldo.
SirCiiristopher Mingh (Minns), admiral; 1666.
W. Richardson ; 4to.
Sir Christopher Mingh. Harding.
Sir Christopher Minns was son of an honest shoemaker of Londoo,
from whom he inherited nothing but a good constitution. He was
remarkable, early in life, for a spirit of adventure, and had gamed
an estate in the West Indies, before he became an officer of rank
in the navy. He was a man of good underistanding, which he dis-
covered both in speaking and acting. Though he was affable and
* His name is here spelt according to the popular prononciation.
_ Chjbistophek. Mingh,(Minn"SO
J-ub f WJiyWJtUAardrcnYe^Efajt JinnJ .
A
OF ENGLAND. 168
»
familiar witb the seamen^ no man knew better how to maiiitain hiB
authority. The men under his inspection were well paid and fedy
and had always justice done them in the distribution of prizes.
Hence it was, that he was both honoured and beloved. He had, in
the course of his life, often manifested his actiye and passive cou-
rage ; but never in a more extraordinary degree, than at the ap*
proacb of death. On the fourth day of the famous battle that be-
gan the 1st of June, he received a shot in the neck;* after which,
though he was in exquisite pain, he continued in his command,
holding his wound with both his hands for above an hour. At
length another shot pierced his throat, and laid him for ever at rest.
Oh. 4 June, 1666.t
THOMAS, earl of Ossory, is well known to have sought fame in
every part of Europe, and in every scene of action where it was to
be acquired. In 1666, upon his return from Ireland, he paid a
visit to the Earl of Arhngton, at his seat at Euston in Suffolk ;t
where he happened to hear the firing of guns at sea, in the famous
battle that began the 1st of June. He instantly prepared to go on
board the fleet, where he arrived on the 3d of that month ; and had
Ae satisfaction of informing the Duke of Albemarle, that Prince
Rupert was hastening to join him. He had his share in the glo-
rious actions of that and the succeeding day. His reputation was
much increased by his behaviour in the engagement off Southwold May 28,
Bay. In 1673, he was successively made rear-admiral of the blue ^^2*
and the red squadrons : he having, in the battle of the 11th of Au-
gust, that year, covered the Royal Prince, on board of which Sir
Edvard Spragge commanded, and at length brought off the shat-
tered vessel in tow. On the 10th of September following, he was.
* Lloyd, by mistake, says it was in the mouth. ' See Campbell.
1 1 am credibly informed that when he had taken a Spanish man of war, and
fotten the commander on board his ship, he committed the care of him to a lieote-
oant, who was directed to observe his behaviour. Shortly after, word was brought
to Minns that the Spaniard was deploring his captivity, and wondering what great
captain it could be who had made Don » with a long and tedious string of
names and titles, his prisoner. The lieutenant was ordered to return to his charge,
and, if the Don persisted in his curiosity, to tell him that Kit 'Mxivm had taken him.
This diminutive name utterly confounded the titulado, threw him into an agony of
grief, and gave him more acute pangs than all the rest of his misfortunes.
\ Euston, or Ewston, is in the " Biographia," p. 1072, said erroneously to be in
Norfolk.
164 BIOGRAPHICAL HISTORY
by the king, appointed admiral of the whole fieet, daring the absence
of Prince Rupert. See CIa« 111. :4
SIR TRETSWELL MOLLIS (Fretcheville ^
HoLLEs). Leli/p. Browne ; k. sh. mezz.
Sir Trztswell Hollis; sword in His left kani.
W. Richardson,
Sir Tretswell Hollis ; oval. Harding sc.
Sir Fretcheville Holies possessed, in a high degree, that
for which his family was distinguished.- He behaved with his ui
intre^ity in the famous engagement with the Dutch, that continued
four days, in which be unfortunately lost an ann. He was rear-
admiral under Sir Robert Holmes, when he attacked the Smyrna
fleet, which was the first act of hostility in the last Dutch war. He
was killed, with several other brave officers, in the battle of South-
wold Bay, on the 28th of May, 1673.
SIR JOHN CHICHELEY. Lefy p. Browne ; h. sh.
mexs.
Sir John Chicheley was a rear-admiial under Prince Rnp^ii
the last Dutch war. When Sir Edward Sprag^ was like to fl
overpowered by the enemy, Sir John, toother w&b the prince, \f_
down to his assistance : but notwithstanding the efforts -of I
friends, and bis own invincible courage, that great roan had V
fifter the misfortune to lose hb life. Sir John Chicheley v
the commisBioners of the admiralty, and member of parliameo^fl
Newton, in Lancashire, in the reign of William UL
HENRICUS TERNE, armiger,. qui, Anno 1660/
Hispanorum VI. navium classero, per IX. horas, solus
sustiDuit ; et quamvis graviter saucius, repulit ; primus
ob regem reducem sanguinem fudit : in prselio demum
OF ENGLANI>. 166
udversus Batavos, Junii 1, 1666, strenui ducis opera
fungens, fortissimam animam exhalavit. W. Sheppardp.
GuiL Faithorne sc. large h. sh. scarce. — This was after^
ward altered to the Duke of Monmouth^ and the names
of the painter and engraver erased.
CLASS VIIL
SONS OF PEERS WITHOUT TITLES> BARO-
NETS, KNIGHTS, GENTLEMEN, &c.
TheHonoui:able CHARLES CECIL. Vandervaart p.
1ms f. a child with a lamb ; h. sh. mezz.
Charles Cecil was third son to John, the fourth earl of Exetef.
The original painting is at Burleigh-house, near Stamford, in
Lincolnshire.
ROBERT and DOROTHY SIDNEY, son and
daughter of Philip, earl of Leicester ; two children
jmying with a dog. Lely p. Brown; oblong h. sh.
9tZZ.
Robert Sidney succeeded his father in title and estate. He died
<»ithe 11th of November, 1702.
HENRY SIDNEY, son to Robert, earl of Leicester.
^lyf. Browne; large h. sh. mezz.
HENRY, earl Romney ; in the print of the Lords
Justices of England. Engraved and sold by J. Savage;
Tare,
166 BIOGRAPHICAL HISTORY
This gentleman, who was afterward created Earl of Romiiei^
was the youngest son of Robert, earl of Leicester, and brother tfk
Earl Philip. He was one of the memorable seven, who invited '
William, prince of Orange, over to England, and who subscribed
an association in form, which they sent to Holland. He was, in
the reign of that prince, lord-lieutenant of Ireland, tnaster of the
ordnance, warden of the cinque ports, colonel of the royal regi-
ment of foot guards, and one of the privy council. He died a
bachelor in 1700. It is obvious to remark here, that Mr. Swift,
afterward dean of St. Patrick's, has given us an idea of his cha-
racter in a few bitter words, but some allowance is, in candour, to
be made for the disordered spleen of the writer, on a most pro-
voking occasion. He tells us, '' that he applied by petition to
King William, upon the claim of a promise his majesty had made
to Sir William Temple, that he would give Mr. Swift a prebend of
Canterbury or Westminster. The Earl of Romney, who profess^
much friendship for him, promised to second his petition ; but, as
he was an old, vicious, illiterate rake, without any sense of truth or
honour, said not a word to the king; and Mr. Swifl, after long
attendance in vain, thought it better to comply with an invitation
given him by the Earl of Berkeley, to attend him to Ireland asliis
chaplain and private secretairy,***
The Honourable WILLIAM VERNEY, esq. Lelj/p.
R. Tompson exc. h. sk. mezz.
Sir Greville Verney, hereafter mentioned, had a son named
William, who died in France unmarried, the 23d of August, 1693*
lliis may possibly be that son. As he is styled honourable^ -I halNi.
placed him here, though perhaps he had no right to that title*
Dreat.Bart. " Dominus EDVARDUS BERING, eques aur.
l^6^ illustris domini Edvardi Bering, de Surrenden Deisihg,
in com» Gantii, militis et baronetti, filius ex matre opr
tima, nee minus illustri, Untona, domini Radulphi
Gibbes, equitis aurati, fiiia. Pater ob. 1644: Mater
• Appendix to *' Swift's Life," by Swift, p. 50, 51.
OF E3IGLAND. 167
k.1670. — I. Derbigs Paternal Coat : 2. Sind a noble
m : 3. Ipie, eail of Kent: 4. Humph, de Bidran,
of Hereford, &c." Kndkr p. R. WhUesc. 1687.
int maj terre to correct a mistake in die ** English Baio-
toL L p. 264. Tlie gentleaian whom it xepresents h there
Ito be die mi and heir of the first Sir Edward Dering, by his
ly, Anne, daughter of Sir John Ashbmnham : Untony
[>f Sir Ralph Gibbes, nentaoned as abore, was his iUrd,
SIR THOMAS ISHAM, baronet. Leijfp. D.Log^
W$ cjcc. large h. sh. mezz.
Thomas Ishah, de Lamport, in comitatu North- Created
xptoniae, baronettus. Loggan del. 1676 ; large h. sh. 5o^£^.
^[jpaged to be engraved by Gerard Valck. ^^^^
Ehomas Isham was son of Sir Justinian Isham, of Lamport. He
a a joimg gendeman of great expectation, bat died to the regret
all diat knew him, in 1681, so(m after he had finished his
.irels.
SIR JOHN LOWTHER, bart. Leljf p. Browne esc.
sh. tnezz*
Sir John Lowther was a gendeman of a Tery ancient and flou- Created
hing femfly, long seated in Westmoreland. He was fother of ^^J^^^^*
r John Lowther, who, in 1695, was created Viscount Lonsdale,
d was afterward lord privy seal to William 111. This family has
en gready enriched by the colliery at Whitehaven, which has
IHred an inexhaustible fund of wealth. The present Sir James
iwther does not only carry on a very lucrative trade to London,
it also employs a x^onsiderable number of vessels to supply the
7 of Dublin with coals. Oh. 1675, M. 70.
SIR JOHN WEBSTER, bart. iJndemeath is t he
allowing inscription : " WoUvenhoerst, Cromwick,
inshotterhaar, part of Maestwick Stuagger Engge,
168 BIOGRAPHICAL HISTORY
commissary for the emperor of all Russia and Mos^*
CO via. Created baronet of England, May the 31s^
1660, by King Charles XL at Gravenhaag. His arrmf
of Cattenbrouck, Schaagen, Dengge, part of IseU-.
field, Linschooter Engge,. in Holland, and the provinoft
of Utrecht, lord : ." The first impressions^
this 'print had eight Latin lines by BarlauSy which toe^
afterward erased^ and the above inscription was substi*
tuted in its place.
SIR ROBERT VINER, bart. long hair, black aq^
cloaky Sgc. by Faithorne; without inscription; h. sh*
very scarce.
treated Sir Robert Viner, goldsmith and banker of London, was a veij
Sfifi^*^' ^^y^^> ^^^ ^^ less-Hiseful subject to Charles II. As his credit wa»
very extensive, he sometimes borrowed large sums of money to
lend the government. The interest paid on these occasions muslr
have been very considerable, as he paid himself no less than sx»
per cent. When he entered upon his mayoralty,* the king did htnit
the honour to dine with him, and he had the honour of drinking'
several bottles with his majesty; an indulgence not unfrequent in
this reign. t He afterward erected an equestrian statue to the Wag
at Stock*s-market : it was done originally for John Sobieski, yt)^
raised the siege of Vienna, when it was invested by the Turk94
Tlie fine old house, which belonged to Sir Robert Viner, is no.w,flij
the possession of the Reverend Mr. Clarke. It is at Ickeidia]|i|]
near Uxbridge Common, in Middlesex. ,'\
SIR EDWARD HARLEY, knight of the BaA*
1660. Cooper p. Vertue sc. h. sh.
His portrait is at Welbeck.
* The pageant exhibited on the day he was sworn, was a very magnificent obk
It was called Goldsmitli's Jubilee, and was designed by Thomas Stephenson.
t See the " Spectator," No. 462.
't Voltaire mentions. a remarkable text of a thanksgiving sermon, preached ff
this occasion /namely, ** There was a man sent from God^ whose name was JuXm/*
OF ENGLAND. 169
This gentleman, who was knight of the shire for Hereford, at the
same time with Sir Robert Harley his father, gave many signal
proofs of his valour, at the head of a regiment raised at his own
expense for the service of Charles I. Upon the restoration of
(Carles II. he was appointed governor of Dunkirk, and soon after
made a knight of the Bath. He sat in all the parliaments of this
leign, and was a distinguished speaker in the House of Commons.
As he well knew the importance of Dunkirk to the nation, he
made a motion for annexing it to the crown. The parliament
seemed to listen to this proposal, but it was afterward overruled.
He was offered 10,000/. and a peerage, merely to be passive in
the sale of it, but he refused the offer with disdain. He had the
honesty to tell the king, that the artillery and military stores only,
were worth more than Lewis XIV. had ever offered for that fortress.
In the British Museum, is a manuscript by Sir Edward Harley,
which contains many memorable particulars relative to the govern-
ment, expenses, and sale of Dunkirk. , He was author of '' A
scriptural and rational Account of the Christian Religion,'' 1695,
8ro. Ob. 8 December, 1700.
SIR GREVILE VERNEY, knight of the Bath,
nat. 26 Jan. 1648 ; ob. 23 Jul. 1668. Loggan sc.
large h. sh.
Sir Grevile Vemey, who descended from a family which has Created
flourished at Compton Murdac, in the county of Warwick, was ^^^'
brother to Richard, the first lord Willoughby of Brooke. Much of
the history of this family may be learned from the sumptuous
monuments belonging to it, at Compton Murdac; or from Sir
William Dugdale's " History of Warwickshire."
HERBERTUS PERROT, EquesAuratus; shoulder-
knot, arms, Sgc. R. White sc.
** Sir Herbert Perrot descended from Sir Owen Perrot, a favou-
rite of Henry VII. and related to the Plantagenets and Tudors,
was a man of great wit, large fortune, and extensive charity. He
Boffisred much in his fortune, by his attachment to the royal party
during the civil wars. He had three wives, by whom he had only
VOL. V. z
170 BIOGRAPHICAL HISTORY
one daughter that survived him, who was married to Sir John
Packington, of Westwood, in Worcestershire. Sir Herbert had a
son of both his names, who wrote satires upon the court of Chaiies
the Second, and was killed by Captain South in the passage of the
Devil Tavern, in Fleet-street, Of this family is the present Sir
Richard Perrot, made memorable lately by the Flint address."*
BAPTIST MAY ; from an original 'picture by Sir
Peter Ltly^ in the collection of R. A. Neville^ esq. at
Billingbear. Clamp sc. Ato.
Baptist May was keeper of the privy purse, and a page of the
bed-chamber to Charles II. and for a considerable time the agecA
and confidant of the intrigues of his royal master ; but falling into
disgrace with the king, he was succeeded in his office as page by
William Chiffinch.
The circumstance of May's being useful to the king in his in-
trigues, has been recorded by Anthony Wood, and is confirmed
by one of the pocket books of Mr. Beale, husband of Mrs. Beale»
the pupil of Sir Peter JLely, from which some extracts have been
given in Lord Orford's " Anecdotes of Painting," vol. iii. p. 77,
From the Almanack of 1677, April. " I saw at Mr. Bab. May's
lodgings, at Whitehall, these pictures of Mr. Lely's doing. 1. The
king's picture in buff, half length. 2. First Duchess of York, h. I.
3. Duchess of Portsmouth, h. 1. 4. Mrs. Gwin, with a lamb, h. 1.
5. Mrs. Davis, with a gold pot, h. 1. 6. Mrs. Roberts, h. 1.
7. Duchess of Cleveland, being as a Madonna, and a babe. 8. Mrs.
May's sister, h. 1. 9. Mr. William Finch, a head by Mr. Hales.
10. Duchess of Richmond, h. 1. by Mr. Anderton." From this
list Mr. May appears to have been master, if not of the living, at
least of the inanimate seraglio.
SIR ROBERT CLAYTON, knt. lord mayor of the
city of London, 1680. J. Riley p. J. Smith f large
h, sh. mezz.
His statue is at St. Thomas's Hospital.
* Communicated, with other notices, by the reverend Sir John CuUum, of Hard-
wick, in Suffolk, who quotes the Supplement to Kimber'i " Baronetage ;" 1771.
OF ENGLAND. 171
Sir Robert Clayton well understood, and sedulously promoted, the
commercial, civil, and religious interests of his country. He was
elected lord mayor in 1679, and was a representative in several
parliaments, for Bletchingly, in Surrey. As he had rendered him-
self obnoxious to the Duke of York, by voting for the Exclusion
Bill, he retired from business, and amused himself with building
and planting, after that prince ascended the throne. When the
Prince of Orange was at Henley-upon-Thames, he was sent, in the
same of the city of London, to compliment bim on his arrival. He
•was appointed commissioner of the customs, soon after the settle-
inent of the kingdom. Ob, 1707. Great injustice is done to his
dutracter in the second part of ^' Absalom and Achitophel.*'* His
benefactions to Christ's, and St. Thomas's Hospital, will be re-
membered to his honour. ^
SIR JOHN MOOR, knt. lord mayor of the city of
London, 1681, and one of the representatives in par-
liament for the said city, &c. Leli/ p. J. Mac Ardellf.
sitting in a chair. The motto to his arms is " Non
civium ardor J" From a private plate^ extremely rare^
h. sh. mezz.
Sir John Moor, who was son of a husbandman, at Norton, in
Leicestershire,t became a zealous partisan of the court, about the
time that the king triumphed over his enemies, and was as much
a master of his people as Lewis XIV. had promised to make him.
He nominated two sheriffs, who he knew would be subservient to
the ministry ; and was careful to secure a successor who was as
much devoted to the king as himself. He is characterized under
the name of Ziloah, at the conclusion of the second part of " Ab-
salom and Achitophel." I have been informed that the free-school
at Appleby, in Leicestershire, was founded by him,
t
ROBERT TICHBORNE, on horseback, in the
habit of lord mayor ; small h. sh. very rare.
* See the character of Ishban in that poem,
t Sec Whiston'i " life," p. 16, U edit.
172 BIOGRAPHICAL filSTORY
Robert Tichbobne, on horseback^ copied fromtk
above.
■
Robert Tichborne^ with his seaf and autogrcfh;
8vo.
Robert Ticbborae was descended, from one of the most andent
families in England, who were seated at Ticbborne, about tiiiee
miles south of Alnesford, in Hampshire, prior to the conquest
Being of a younger branch of the family, he determined to try bis
fortune in trade, and for a time carried on the business of a lineB
draper in the city. He entirely devoted himself to the parUamoit
party, and launched out in all the popular politics of the times. He
passed through various ranks, until he became a colonel in the par-
liament army, and was appointed lieutenant, under General Fairfiiz,
of the Tower ; and commanded the city of London at his {Mea-
sure. His consequence and power were so great, that he was ap*
pointed one of the king's judges ; and after presenting a petition
from the common council of London for the trial, he omitted no
opportunity to shew how far he felt himself interested on the iob-
ject, and was absent only ou the 12th and 13th days of Januaiy;
and signed the warrant for executing the sentence. ■
Hitherto Tichborne had obtained no civic honours ; but in 1650,
he served the office of sheriff, with Richard Chiverton, in the
second mayoralty of Sir Thomas Andrews, leather-seller ; and in
1656, he became mayor, under the appellation of Sir Robert
Tichborne Skinner. It was during the time that Tichborne was
lord mayor, that the market-house of Saint Paul's churchyard was
built. He was in such high favour and estimation with the Pro-
tector, that he was appointed one of his committee of state in 1655,
knighted, and made one of his lords ; and proving true to that in-
terest, wished for the restoration of Richard ; yet was named one
of the council of state, and of safety, for 1659 ; but the restoration
approaching, he fell from his height, to become a prisoner in the
Tower ; at which time he was extremely unpopular, as one who
had sat in the high court of justice, which condemned Dr. Hewit
He was arraigned at the sessions-house in the Old Bailey, Oct
10, 1660, and brought to trial on the 16th, and found guilty; but
through a very servile and cringing address to the compassion of
the court, his life was spared, though he did not escape quite free,
OF ENGLAND. 173
lingered out the remnant of his life in captiyity, and died a
oner in the Tower.*
JIR OEORGE BOOTH ; from a drawing in the
ig's " Clarendon^
99
teorge Booth^ ^rst lord Delamer; Svo. Roddexc
Cooper sc.
I George Booth, a gentleman of one of the hest fortunes and
"est in Cheshire, and of absolute power with the PresbyterianSy
mjunction with Sir Thomas Middleton, rose in that county, in
ar of Charles II. They had taken possession of the castle and
of Chester, but Major-general Lambert being sent by the parlia-
t to stop their farther progress, they marched out to encounter
; when after a short combat the royalists were routed, and the
day the gates of Chester opened to Lambert and his victorious
j^. Sir George himself made his flight in disguise, but was
n upon the way and sent prisoner to the Tower, from which he
released a short time prior to the restoration^ and elected to
3 in the first parliament assembled by Charles II. Sir George
:h was father of Henry, lord De-la-Mer; who had a principal
I in the revolution.
IIR NICHOLAS CRISPE. R. Crofnek sc. from
original picture in the collection of the Earl ofLeices^
In Li/son's " Environs.''
lis loyal subject was one of the farmers of the customs, and a
merchant ; trading principally to the coast of Guinea.. He en-
1 into business with a larger fortune than most people retire with,
pursued it with unusual success. With the utmost alacrity he ad-
ed very large sums to supply the necessities of King Charles L
^hose personal character he appears to have had the greatest
ilcbborae entered into all Uie fanaticism of the times, and in imitation of many
canting brethren, commenced author. There is a scarce book, entitled, *' 'A
sr of Canaan's Grapes, being several Experimental Tmths received through
te communication with God by his Spirit, grounded on Scripture, and presented
en -view for publique edification ; by Col. Robert Tichbouni. Lond. 1649*"
174
BIOGRAPHICAL HISTORY
L
veneratioD. Lloyd speaks in the highest terras of his ai
enterprise, as well as of the sigoal services which he reni
king; "Awhile," says he, " you would meet him with thonii
gold; another, while in bis way to Oxford, riding on apturofpu-
niera, like a butter- woman going to market ; at other times he was
a porter carrying on his majesty's interest in Londm j he was »
fisherman in one place, and a merchant in another. All the sac-
couTs which the king had from beyond sea, came through hit haniii,
and most of the relief he had at home was managed by his con-
veyance. As a farther proof of zeal in his majesty's Ctuie.k
raised at his own expense, a regiment of horse, and putting him-
self at the head, behaved with distinguished gallantry. When the
king's affairs grew desperate, he retired to France ; but returned
afterward to London, and embarked again in trade with fais usual
Bpirit and success. He lived to see his master's son restored lo
the possession of his kingdoms ; by whom he was created &baronel
the year before his death, in 1665, Mt. 67." In Fulhamchurclii!
a monument to his memory. SeeLysons'a Middlesex.
SIR THOMAS ARMSTRONG, executed the 20tli
of June, 1684. J. Savage sc. This head is in a Icrgc
half sheet, with seven others.
Sir Thomas Armstrong. W. Richardsmi.
Sir Thomas Armstrong ; a wood-cut.
Sir Thomas Armstrong, who had been a great suSerer io the
royal cause, was very active for Charles 11. before the restoration'
His enterprising spirit excited tlie jealousy of Cromwell, who threw
him into prison, and even threatened his life. He was an avowrf
enemy to popery, and engaged with all the zeal that was natural to
him in the service of the Duke of Monmouth. Soon after the ne*
sheriffs were imposed upon the city by the influence of the court, an
insurrection was planned by the country party, not only in London,
but in several parts of the kingdom. Sir Thomas Armstrong wenl,
at this time, with the Duke of Monmouth, to view the king's guardsi
in order to judge whether they might venture to attack them in lh(
projected insurrection. Finding himself obnoxious to the court, ho
fled the kingdom ; and his flight was soon followed by an outlawrjl'
Sf THO? AKMSTKfflmR.
OF ENGLAND. 176
ReiNras seited ftbfOad, and sent to London, where he was con-
demned and executed without a trial, and with peculiar circum-
stances of rigour, having heen conducted to death by those sorrow-
ful soldiers who had been accustomed to obey his command. The
Idng was much exasperated against him, as he believed him to be
the seducer of his favourite son* He, at his death, denied his ever
having any design against his majesty's life.
SIR EDMOND BURY GODFREY. P. Vandre^
banc sc. large sheet.
Sir Edmund Bury Godfrey, ^t. 511. P. Van-^
drebanc sc> large h. sh. Anotkery smaller j by the same
hand.
Sir Edmond Bury Godfrey, Mt. 57 ; two Eng-
lish verses.
Sir Edmund Bury Godfrey. Van Hove sc. oc-
tagon; h. sh. A copy of the same, by Nutting.
Sir Edmund Bury Godfrey ; sold by Arthur
Tooker.
Sir Edmund Bury Godfrey ; in a large h. sh.
with seven others.
Sir Edmund Bury Godfrey, an able magistrate, and of a fair cha-
racter, who had exerted himself in the business of the Popish plot,
was found pierced with his own sword, and several marks of vio-
lence on his body. His death, which was imputed to the Papists,
who were then supposed to be the authors of all mischief, was ge-
nerally deemed a much stronger evidence of the reality of the plot,
than any thing that Oates either did, or could swear. Even the
foolish circumstance of the anagram of his name, helped to confirm
^ opinion of his being murdered by Papists.* His funeral was
* Sir Ednmnd Bury Godfrey was anagrammatized to, ** I findmardered by roguef.'*
176 BIOGRAPHICAL HISTORY
celebrated with the most solemn pomp: seventy-two clergyma
preceded the corpse, which was followed by a thousand personi
most of whom were of rank and eminence. His funeral sermon wai
preached by Dr. William Lloyd , dean of Bangor, and afterward
bishop of Worcester. He was found dead, the i7th of October]
1678.
THOMAS THYNNE, esq'. Lely p. Braume; h. sk
mezz.
Thomas Thynne, esq'. Kneller p. White sc. h, sfi
Thomas Thynne, esq'. Cooper; Ato. mezz.
Thomas Thynne, esq', of Longleat, (murdered
1681-2). Claussinfec. Ato.
There is a portrait of him at Longleat.
Thomas Thynne, esq. of Longleat, in Wiltshire, and memberof
parliament for that- county, was noted for the affluence of his for-
tune, and his uncommon benevolence and hospitality. Hence ho
gained the epithet of " Tom of ten thousand.'' He was married
to the Lady Elizabeth Percy, countess of Ogle, sole daughter and
heir of Josceline, earl of Northumberland ; but was murdered ia
his coach, before consummation, by three assassins, supposed to
be suborned by Charles, count Koningsmark, a necessitous adven-
turer, who had made some advances to the Lady Ogle.* He is the
person meant by the name of Issachar, in Dryden's " Absalom
'and Achitophel ;*' and is hinted at in the following lines of the
Earl of Rochester. But it ought to be observed, that this author
is sometimes as licentious in his satire, as he is in his othei
writings.
" Who'd be a wit in Dryden's cudgel'd skin^t
Or who'd be rich and senseless like Tom ?"
Ob. 12 Feb. 1681-2.
* See an aoconnt of this morder in Reresby's ** Memoirs," 8vo. p. 135.
t Dryden was codgeiied for reflecting on the Duchess of Portsmouth, and tb
Earl of Rochester, in his " Essay on Satire," which he wrote in conjunctioa witl
the Earl of Mnlgrave.
PF ENGLAND. 177
JOHANNES COTTONUS BRUCEUS, ♦tX«*ep«,
^' Virtus repulsffi n^scia sordidae,
Intaminatis fulget honoribus ;
Nee sumit aut ponit secures,
\ Arbitrio popularis auree." — Hor.
G. Kneller p. Vandrebanc sc. large sheet.
Sir John Cotton Bruce. Kneller p. R.White sc.
1699; 4to.
5(im Cotton Bruce was the only son of Sir Thomas Cotton, bart.
^d grandson to Sir Robert CQtton, the celebrated antiqu^ia^.
This ^ntleman, who died in 1702, made considerable additions to
the valuable library collected by his grandfather. It consisted of
manuscripts, which, bound up, made about a thousand volumes.
They relate for the most part to English history and antiquities ;
tie improvement of which was what Sir Rpbert chiefly aimed at in
}k collections. They were methodically ranged, and placed in
bofteen sets of shelves ; over which were tlte heads of the twelve
Cssars, Cleopatra, and Faustina. They were purchased of Sir John
Cotton, great grandson of Sir Robert, by Queen Anne ; and are
|iow deposited in the British Museum. See more concerning the
Cottonian Library, in Ward's " Lives of the Gresham Professors,"
p. 251, 252.
DiNIEL COLWAL, esq^ R. White sc. 1681;
h. sh.
Daniel. CoLWAL, armiger, &c. h. sh. Before
Dr. Greufs " Museum Regalis Societatis" 1681 ; fol.
Daniel Colwal, esq. of the Friary, near Guilford, was a gentleman
of good fortune, the superfluities of which he e]icpended in making a
collection of natural rarities. These he presented to the Roysd
Sodety, and is therefore justly esteemed the founder of their Mu-
seum* Of these Dr. Grew has given us a catalo^e, which is at
once a proof of the judgiQcnt of the compiler and tlte collector.
VOL. V. 2 a
178 BIOGRAPHICAL HISTORY
The most valoable branch of it is the shells,* in the descnptioa and
arrangement of which, the ingenious doctor has taken uncommoB
pains. Mr. Colwal was at the expense of engraving thirty-one
folio copper-plates for this book. See more of him in Birch's
" History of the Royal Society."
JOHANNES MEEKE, A. M. aulae B. Mariaj
Magd. (Oxon.) olim alumnus ; centum libras annuas
decern scholaribus in eadeih aula studentibus, aequa-
liter numerandas, testamento in perpetuum donavit:
eodemq; cavit, ut crescente postmodum terrarum re-
ditu, plures itidem scholares iisdem proportione et
loco alendi, denario numero adjicerentur : anno salutis
reparatas 1665; sheet. He is represented in a lay-hahii,
John Meeke ; in the " Oxford Almanack^ 1749.
ROBERTUS FIELDING, aulse Fieldingensis, in
com. Warwici, armig. Lelyp. J. V. Vaart fecit. Tomp-
son exc. h. sh. mezz.
RoBEBTUs Fielding, &c. Lelyp. Vandervaart f.
h. sh. mezz.
RoBEBTUs Fielding, &c. Wissing p. Becket f.
h. sh. mezz. There is an anonymous mezzotinto of him
fondling a dog.
RoBEBT Fielding ; ship at a distance. G. Knel-
ler p. Becket.
Robert Fielding ; in a rich coat; 8w. M. Torn-
kins sc. in Caulfields /' Remarkable Pei^sons.'"
•This branch of natural history was but little attended to before the reign of
Charles 11. The stiaites of Holland made that prince a. present of a fine collection,
which he seems to have had but little taste for, as it wa» presently dissipated.
OF ENGLAND. 179
• Robert Fielding, a gentleman cf a good family in Warwickshire*
was «ent to London to study the law ; but entering into the fashion-
aUe vices of the town, he presently abandoned all thoughts of that
profession. His person was uncommonly beautiful ; and he stu-
died every art of setting it off to the best advantage. He was as
vain and expensive in his own dress, as he was fantastical ih the
dresses of his footmen ; who usually wore yellow liveries, with black
sashes, and black feathers in their hats. As he was fond of ap-
pearing in public places, he soon attracted the notice of the ladies.
The king himself was struck with his figure at court, and called
him handsome Fielding, From that moment he commenced the
vainest of all fops : but this circumstance occasioned his being still
more admired, and established his reputation as a beau. The con-
tributions which he rsused from some of the sex, he lavished upon
others : but he was sometimes forced to have recourse to the gaming-
table for supplies, where he was generally successful. He was first
married to the only daughter and heir of Barnham Swift, lord
Carlingford, who was of the same family with the Dean of St.
Patrick's.* Some time after the death of this lady, he, to repair
his shattered fortunes, made his addresses to one Mary Wads-
worth, who assumed the name of Madam Delaune, a lady of
20,000/. fortune. He married this woman ; but forsook her as soon
as he discovered the cheat. He afterward espoused Barbara,
datchess of Cleveland, whom he treated with insolence and bru-
tality .t This occasioned a prosecution against him for bigamy.
He was found guilty, but was pardoned by Queen Anne. His
trial, which is worth the reader's notice, is in print*
ERASMUS SMITH (or Smyth), esq^ &c. G. W.
(George White)/, h. sh. mezz.
This print is companion to that of Madam Smith, mentioned in
Class XI.
Erasmus Smyth, esq. descended from an ancient and honourable
family, in Leicestershire, was son of Sir Roger Smyth, otherwise
Heriz, of Edmonthorpe, in that county, by his second wife. He
was largely portioned for a younger son, his mother having brought
• See the Appendix to Swift's <' Life of Dr. Swift/' p. 2.
t Of this shameful mairiage, much is said in the Memoirs of Mrs. Manley. The
handsome Fielding is the Orlando of the TaUer.
180 BIOGRAPHICAL lil^TORY
a Tery considerable fortune into the family. He, in the Ibnuer
part of his life, engaged deeply in the Ttirkey trade, and Became
an alderman of London. Afterward, upon the settlement of Ireland^
in the reign of King William, he, by purchase, acquired a grest
and improvable property in that kingdom. When the behefioent
and judicious institutions [of charity and public utility were ^et cm
foot there, he gave, for these purposes, lahdJs of great value ftis
donation alone would render him memorable as a beneBeictdr.
Having bought the manor of Weald, in Essez> with a good old
seat upon it, he, when advanced in years, married Mary, daughter
of Hugh Hare, lord Golerane, by whom, besides daughters, he had
three sons ; of whom the two elder dying without issue^ his estate
devolved to Hugh his third son, who left twd daughters, hii co-
heirs ; namely, D(m>thy, who married John Bcurry^ fourth son of
James, earl of Bieurrymore ; ietnd Lucy, who espoused James, hA
Strange, eldest son of Edward, earl of Derby. These ladies, in
pursuance of their father's will, have borne the name and arms of
Smith and Heriz, in conjunction with their own**
Hugh, son of Erasmus Smyth, esq. miarried a paternal aunt of
the present Lord Dacre, who, in the most obliging manner, (com-
municated to me the above account.
The Rev. Mr. Wasse informs us, that a gentleman, whom be
styles Sir Erasmus Smith, of Essex, offered to adopt the famous
Joshua Barnes, when a schoolboy at Christ's Hospital, and settle
2000/. a year upon him, on condition that he would change his
name. His father, though in mean circumstances, resolved to be
passive in this important affair, and left it entirely to his son's
option, who refused the offer.f This gentleman was probably of
the same family, though it does not appear that he was the same
person with Erasmus Smith, esq.t
CURWEN RAWLINSON, of Cark, esq', son of
Robert Rawlinson ; Ob. 1689; JEt. 48. Nutting sc.
* For the family of Smytb, see Burton's '< Leicestershire/' GiuiUm^s "Heraldiy,^
and Morant's ** Essex."
t See the story at large in Mr. Wasse's letter in the " General Dictionary,"
article Barnes.
t Since the above article was written, I was informed that a gehtieiDtn of botli his
names^ was founder of a lecture of oratory and bisto^, in Trinity GoUege, DnUm.
OF BNGLAND. 181
In the same plate with eeveral others of the Rawlinson
family; 4to.
This person was son and heir of Robert Rawlinson, of Cark, in
Lancashire, esq. He married Elizabeth, second daughter and
eoheir of Nicholas Monck, bishop of Hereford, by whom he was
bAer of Christopher Rawlinson, esq. of whom there is an engraved
portrait*
ROBERTUS STAFFORD, de Bradfield, in co»i-
tatu Berks, armiger.*
^ Spirantes siquis tabulas animataqae signa
Viderit, in multa qoeis Myosf arte labor ;
Quam bene Stafibrdium dicat ? Mentitur imag^ ;
Expressit dominum quam male ficta suum ?
Novimus has sculptor veneres, hos frontis honores ;
Amphitryonides de pede notus erat.
Sic oculos, sic ille manus, sic ora ferebat ;
Multa talnen coelo quam bene digna latent ?
Archetypo abludit qucevis transcripta tabella,
^ Quin si vis similem fingere, finge Deum/'
This head is one of Loggan*s capital performances.
It appears from the above inscription, that this gentleman was
remarkable for the beauty of his person ; and he is, indeed, repre-
sented very, handsome. He was one of the sons of Sir^Edward
Stafford, of Bradfield; in Berkshire, by Mary, sole daughter of Sir
William Forster, of Aldermarston, in that county« Several of the
family are mentioned in Mr. Ashmole's *^ Diary," that gentleman
having married hb mother.^
* Stafford Robert-^I find a gentleman t>f this name mentioned as a great ftiend
of Col. SackTille and of Mr. Dryden ; and that he, with others, assisted the latter
in the ^neid, for which purpose he translated the 8th and 10th eclogues, and the
episode on the deatii -of Camilla, 11th book of the ^neid. He also translated
the 8th Satire of the first book of Horace. — Sib William Musgbavs.
t Sic Orig.
X This lady was married, isifter Sir Edward Stafford's decease, to Mr. Hamlyii ;
nAtX to Sir iThbm&s Manwaring, knt. recorder of Reading ; and lastly to Mr. Ash-
mtfie. Sile lived in very little harmony with her last husband, against whom she
commenced a suit at law for alimony, on very frivolous pretences. When the
182 BIOGRAPHICAL HISTORY
WILUAM BLUCK, esq'. Knellerp. R.Whit^iq.
h. sh.
; . The trae and lively portraiture of MARMADUKE
RAWDON, Sonne of that worthy gentleman Lawrance
Rawdon, late of the cittie of York, alderman ; he was
borne in Yorke the 17th of March, An^ Dom. 160tV. i
Marmaduke, the youngest son of Lawrance Raw- ^
don, was a great benefactor to the city of York ; and
built, at his sole expense, the cross in that city, &c. &c.
R. White sc. Ato.
The true and lively portraiture of MARMADUKE
RAWDON,. of Hodsdon, esquire ; second son of that
valliant coUonel and worthy knight Sir Marmaduke
Rawdon, of Hodsdon. He was bom in London,
16 August, 1621. R. White sc. Ato.
Marmaduke (Collins says, third son) was brought up at Cam-
l)ridge, and was a fellow-commoner in Jesus College. His father
afterward sent him unto his kinsman Mr. Marmaduke Rawdon, to
the Canary Islands ; where, having learnt the Spanish tongue, he
returned to England, after which he returned into France. In the
time of the civil wars he was in the royal interest, and did his ma-
jesty great service; after whose death he travelled into several
countries, and merchandised.
i Mr. Thoresby and Mr. Collins mention several persons of the
Rawdon family of the name of Marmaduke: namely, 1. Sir Mar-
cause came to a hearing, Serjeant Maynard observed to the court, '' that there were
eight hundred sheets of depositions on his wife's part, and not ond word proved
' against him of using her ill, or ever giving her a bad or provoking word.'/ Ashmole's
«* Diary," 12roo. 1717, p. 34. It appears in the same page, that she was deli-
vered back to her husband the next day.
OP ENGLAND. 185
ladukfe Rawdon, of whom there is an account below.* 2. Mar-
aduke, his third son, who was bred to merchandise. 3. Marma-
ike, son of Laurence Rawdon, alderman of York, and nephew to
jrMarmaduke. This gentleman was a benefactor to that city',
e gave a bowl of solid gold to the corporation ; 100/. to the poor
' the parish of St. Crux ; and erected a cross, near the pavement,
I vhich is his bust. He died in 1688, in the 58th or 59th year of
s age. He was author of a manuscript account of the family, of
bich Mr. Thoresby had the perusal. One of the heads above-
entioned is his portrait. 4. Marmaduke, eldest son of Col. Tho-
as Rawdon, who was himself the eldest son of Sir Marmaduke.
le more of this family in Thoresby's " Ducatus Leodiensis," and
ollins's " Baronetage."
The true and lively portraiture of WILLIAM RAW^
)0N, of Bermondsey Court, in the county of Surrey,
entleman; born in London, the 21st of April, 1619.
I: White sc. 4to.
JOHANNES COCKSHUTTf (Cockshuit), no-
lilis Anglus. D. Logganf. h. sh.
John Cockshuit, a gentleman of the Inner Temple, was one of
he many admirers of the works of Dr. Henry More, That au-
hor*s writings were much in vogue in this reign ; particularly his
* Sir Marmaduke Rawdon, who descended from the ancient family of that name*
tear Leeds, in Yorkshire, was a very eminent merchant in the reigns of James and
Ilharles I. He was at the expense of fitting out a ship for the discovery of a north-
vest passage, and was one of the first planters of Barbadoes. He traded to France,
Spain, the Levant, Canaries, and the West Indies ; was consulted as an oracle in
natters of trade; and frequently pleaded for the merchants at the council-board.
3ie was governor of Basing-house in the civil war, where he distinguished himself as
I soldier ; killing, in one sally, three thousand men, though be had not above.five
lundred fighting men in the garrison. The king conferred on him the honour of
cnighthood for this heroic exploit. It is remarkable, that the Marchioness of Win-
diester and her maids cast the lead of the turrets into bullets, to supply the men for
hif sally. He was relieved, at the last extremity, by the famous Colonel Gage,
rhose memorable story is in Lord Clarendon's " History."
t So spelt by Mr. Ames.
184 BIOGRAPHICAL HISTORY;. i^L
vi;:^:
'' Mystery of Godliness." He left 300/. for liiiiipUirtwilii;]
ibis book, bis « Mystery of Iniquity," and his ' ** ^\]\i^^^^Vl^
lections." His bead belongs to the trandation of thelMt^ii^^
work. Ob. 1669, M. 30. ' '^
SLINGSBY BETHEL, esq. one of the d
London and Middlesex, in J 680; gold chiAn^ t^
gaum, 8^c. Sherwin sc. whole length ; sh. scarciM:^:
SlIngsby Bethel ; small whole length*
ardson. * '^
. \
Slingsby Betbel, an independent, and consequently a tepsiA
was one of the most zealous and active of that party who tin
excluding the Duke of York from the crown. He und^stob^^
and seems to have been well acquainted with those mazimslqfW
an estate is sated as well as gotten. After riches poured m \
him, his economy was much the same as it was before. FanM
was so habitual to him, that be knew not how to relax vi^%
rosity upon proper occasions ; and he was generally censing
being too frugal in his entertainments when he was-sheni
London.
" Chaste were hb cellars, and his slirieval board '
The grossness of a city feast abhorr'd ; . .">•-*
His cooks with long disuse their trade forgot, * .•.- Vj^f-
Cool was his kitchen, though his brains were hot" ..;;.'i^
Drtoen's " Absalom and AchHoiJI^
He was author of a book entitled, ^' The Interest of
and States of Europe;" 8vo. Lond. 1694. At the endii
tive of the most material debates and passages in the
which sat in the protectorate of Richard Cromwell. This
printed by itself in 1659. He was also author of ^'
on a Letter written by the D. of B." and " The World^^
in Oliver Cromwell." :.;■
EDWARD BACKWELL (or Bakewell)^,^^
his own hair J lace-band, Jlowered go%m^ laced r^^
BACKWELLESQfALDERMANof LONDQS
Obit j&/p.
OF ENGLAND. 185
watch and portrait of Charles II. on a table: at a dis^
tance a ship under sail; arms; sh.
The copper-plate of this print is in the possession of
Mr. Praed, the banker.
Edward Backwell. W. Richardson.
Edward Backwell , alderman of London, was a banker of great
ability^ industry, and integrity ; and what was e consequence of his
merit, of very extensive credit. With such qualifications, he, in a
trading nation, would in the natural event of things, have made a for-
tune, except in such an age as that of Charles the Second, when the
laws were overborne by perfidy, violence, and rapacity ; or in an age
when bankers become gamesters instead of merchant-adventurers ;
when they afiect to live like princes, and are, with their miserable
creditors, drawn into the prevailing and pernicious vortex of luxury.
Backwell carried on his business in the same shop which was after-
ward occupied by Child, an unblemished name, which is entitled to
respect and honour ; but was totally ruined upon the shutting up of
the exchequer. He, to avoid a prison, retired into Holland, where
he died. His body was brought for sepulture, to Tyringham church,
near Newport Pagnel, in Buckinghamshire.*
JOHN KENRICK, esq. M. 29. Kneller p. 1681.
Vertue sc. uohole length ; sh.
John Keririck, esq. an eminent and respectable merchant of Lon-
don, was father of the very worthy -Dr. Scawen Kenrick, late sub-
dean and prebendary of Westminster, minister of St. Margaret's,
and rector of Hambleden, in Buckinghamshire ; whose charity,
humanity, and benevolence, flowing from one of the gentlest and
best of hearts, gained him esteem and love. Such was his conde-
scension and goodness, / speak from personal knowledge^ that he
would, without debasing himself, treat the poor as his brethren ;
* Among Sir William Temple's *' Letters," is one addressed to him. It relates
to tbe sale of tin for Charles II. and intimates the zeal of the alderman for his .ma-
jesty's service, and that he ^as esteemed by the writer as a friend.
VOL. V. 2 B
186 BIOGRAPHICAL HISTORY,
and the meanest of the dergy^ if not totally deYoid of meiit^SAb
friends ; nor rvas he ever known to despise^ much less to insuU or froni
on, a man merely because he happened to be of a low rank intktJm
or dependent upon him as his curate.*
Dr. Eenrick had a sister named Martha, who married Sir ^
liam Clayton, baronet. John, their father, as I am informed,^
in 1730. His picture, whence the print was taken, was burnt in
piazza, in Covent-garden, in 1709, having been sent tiutbe:
be cleaned by Anderson, a painter.
It should be observed, that the memorable John Kenrid
Kendrick, who left the poor, particularly of Reading and Newl
above 20,000/. was of the same family ;t as was also, most
bably, John Kendrick, who was sheriff of London in 1645,
lord-mayor in 1652. {
RICHARD SMITH, Virtuoso and Litera, M.
Ob. 1676. fF. Sherxoin; ea^tra rare. In the collet
of Sir M. Masterman Sykes, hart.
Richard Smith, son of Richard Smith (a clergyman and nat
Abingdon), was born at Lillingston Darrel, in the county of B
and was placed as clerk to an attorney in the city of London.
• See more of this worthy person in " The Man witliout Guile ;" an e:
sennon'preached on occasion of his death, by Dr. John Butler, 1753.$
t See "The last Will and Testament of Mr. John Kendricke, late Citij
Draper of London," 1625; 4to.
X Stow*8 ** Survey of London," by Strype, book iv. p. 144, 145.
$ I had drawn at foil length, and almost finished, the character of '< Th
WITHOUT A Heabt," as a contrast to " The Man without Guile." Thi:
have made, what the booksellers call a sixpenny touch ; and, I am confident,
liaye been thought the most spirited likeness that I ever drew. But, to avoid
potation of malevolence, though it was dictated by mirth || rather than s{
committed it to the flames, as a sacrifice to humanity. This has given ra«
solid satisfaction than any transient pleasure that I could possibly have r<
from forcing a smil9,or gaining the approbation of the few who thoroughly kr
man : whose name, though he, in the wantonness of wealth and insolence^
out provocation, has repeatedly stung me to the heart, will ever remain in it
found secret, ai I have absolutely forgiven him.
II ————.-— Ridentem dicere verura
Quid vetat ? »
OF ENGLANP. 187
secondary of the Poultry Compter, a situation worth about
year ; but on the death of his son in 1655, he sold it, and
great collector of books and MSS. he retired and lived pri*
n Little Moorfields. He was of an excellent temper and
t justice. He died in 1675, and was buried in the church of
^s, Cripplegate. His extensive library was sold after his
md produced the sum of 1414/. I2s. lid. See an account
writings in Wood's " Athense Oxonienses,'' vol. iL p. 394.
3 Dibdin's ^* Bibliographical Romance,'' and ** The Biblic-
al Decameronj** vol. iii. p. 274.
3N MOYSER, esq. of Beverly, in Yorkshire.
acef.
gentleman was an intimate friend of Mr. Place, and occa^
visited him for months at a time ; during one of which
he plate was engraved. This print, with the rest of Place's
is very scarce.
DNARDUS GAMMON, generosus ; falling
«♦*****
^UEL MALINES. Claret p. Lombart sc,
EUEL Malines. Claret p. Lodge/.
. PHILIP WOOLRICH. J.Greenhillp. F.P.
ds -Place) f. in armour ; 4to. mezz.
person was probably a private gentleman of Mr. Place's ac«
ice, who did the portraits of seveial of his friends in mezzo-
He and the two preceding may perhaps belong to another
188 BIOGRAPHICAL HISTORY
GENTLEMEN IN INFERIOR CIVIL
EMPLOYMENTS*
" The Honourable SIR HENRY COKER, of the
county of Wilts, kn*. high sheriff, Anno 1663 ; col. ^
horse and foot to King Charles I. col. to the king rf
Spain ; and col. to his majesty that now is, of the ^etf
vice at Worcester : now gentleman of the privy-
chamber, 1669." W' Fait home ad vivumf* h. sh.
There is a short account of a family of this name in a " Survey
of Dorsetshire," published in folio, 1732, from a manuscript of the
Rev. Mr. Coker of Mapowder in that county. The author tells ui,
that the Cokers of that place . derived their name from Coker in
Somersetshire, where they were anciently seated ; and that Edwaid
Seymour, duke of Somerset, ancestor to the present duke, descended
from it : that the branch of the family, which has long flourished a1
Mapowder, were very fortunate in marriages with the heirs d
Norris, Walleis, and Veale : and that the Cokers of Ashbosom a«
a distinct family. As Wiltshire and Dorsetshire are contiguooi
counties, it is probable that this gentleman was of the ancient house
of Coker : quaere. I knew one gentleman of the name, who lived
at Knoyle, near Hindon, in V^iltshire.
SIR EDWARD WALPOLE. S. Harding dfil
Birril sc. From an original at Strawberry Hill; in
Coxe's ^' Memoirs of Sir Robert Walpole''
Sir Edward Walpole, only son and heir of Robert Walpole, bom
at Houghton, 1621 ; married 1649, Susan, second daughter and co-
heir of Sir Robert Crane, of Chilton, in the county of Suffolk
knight and bart. He was elected a member for the borough oi
* By inferior civil employments is meant &uch as are inferior to those of the greaj
officers, &c. in the preceding classes. Perhaps some of the heads in this class maj
he at properly placed in the fifth.
OF ENGLAND. 189
Kings Lynn, in the parliament.whicb voted the return of Charles II.
He and his father joined with Sir Horatio Townshend (afterward
Fiscount Townshend), in fortifying the haven of Kings Lynn, and
raising forces for his majesty's reception, in case the king should not
be peacefully restored; for which service he was made one of the
knights of the Bath, 1661 ; four days before the coronation of
Charles II. Being again elected a member of Lynn in the long
parliament, the corporation had such a sense of his integrity and
services in the House of Commons, that they made him a present
of a noble piece of place. Ob. 1667, ^t. 46.
THOMAS KILLEGREW,* &c. W^ Skeppardp.
Faithome sc. h, sh.
Thomas Killegrew, &c. Wissing p. Vander-
vaartf. large 4to. mezz.
Sir Thomas Killegrew. Tempest exc. %vo. mezz*
Thomas Killegrew, dressed like a pilgrim ; no
namey but these tivo verses :
** You see my face, and if you'd know my mind
'Tis this : I hate myself, and all mankind."
h sh. mezz.
His portrait y together with that of the Lord ColeranCy
is engraved by Faithorne. They are called the princely
shepherds. The print is supposed to have been done for
a masque.
Thomas Killegrew ; in an octagon. Cooper pin.
£. Scriven sc.
Thomas Killegrew ; in Harding's " Gi^ammont'^
F. Bergh sc.
* His name is sometimes spelt Killigrew.
f
190 BIOORAPHICAL HIS'
Thomas Killeobew: Van Hovej
Thomas Killegrew, without his Tiame
leaning on a table; a quartered cap and gown; Usk
with a great mani/ female heads. W. Hollar sc. scarce-
Ther^ is another French print from the above, ^
A. Bosse.
Thomas Killegrew was page of honour to Charles I. aad gMtfe-
man of the bed-chamber to Charles II. who, in 1651, appointed hk
his resident at Venice. He was a man of wit and humour, and fre-
quently entertained the king with his drollery. As Charles im
wholly engrossed by his pleasures, and was frequently in bis tiu»-
tress's apartment when he should have been at the council-board,*
Killegreit- used the following expedient to admonish him of his ex-
treme negligence in regard to the affaira of the kingdom. He
dressed himself in a pilgrim's habit, went into the king's chamheia,
and told him that he hated himself and the world, that he me
resolved immediately to leave it, and was then entering upon a p|t>
^image to hell. The king asked him what be proposed to do
there. He sud " to speak to the devil to send Oliver Cromwell t^
take care of the English government, as he had observed, vritk
regret, that his luccessor was always employed in other businftH."
See Class IX. See also the Interregnum, CIbbs V.
SIR THOMAS NOTT, knt one of the gentlemen-
ushers in ordinary of the honourable privy-chamb^ to
his present majesty King Charles II. R. White ad
vivum del. et sc. 1678 ; laced band.
Sir Thomas Nott, knt. &c. W. Richardson,
Sir Thomas Nott, who was well known, and much esteemed for
his learning and genteel accomplishments, was elected a fellow of
the Royal Society, soon after its incorporation by Charles II.
I Ay lV"-ftVi.-ii^» ( Jrti: -'^/■i'/ L't.'fslirSt ---
.1
1
OF ENGLAND. Wl
[R EDWARD GAGE, bart. frm tfie original at
grave. R. Cooper so. 4to. in Gage's " History and
iquities of Hengrave, in Suffolk."
'Edward Gage, on whom his mother settled the manor of Hen-
», was created a baronet by King Charles the Second , on the
of July, 1662 ; a mark of the royal favour, said to have been
rred at the dying request of colonel Sir Henry Gage ; whose
orious services in the royal cause had been very eminent,
baronet was five times married. By Mary, daughter of Sir
km Hervey, who died on the 13th of July, 1654, he had issue,
'^illiam Gage, his heir, and two daughters ; Penelope, wife of
ird Sulyard, of Haughley-park, in Suffolk ; and Mary, wife of
un Bond, of St. Edmund's Bury; brother of Sir Thomas Bond,
et. Sir Edward's second wife was Frances, daughter of
sr, second Lord Aston. This lady died in child-birth of a son,
is Gage, who inherited from his mother Packington-hall, in
rdshire, and lefl by Elizabeth, his wife, only child of John
reux, of the island of Mont-serrat, one son, Devereux Gage,
iied without issue. By Anne Watkins, his third wife. Sir
rd Gage had issue, Edward, who died young. The fourth
age was with Lady Elizabeth Fielding, daughter of George
ing, earl of Desmond, K. B. a younger son of William, first
>f Denbigh, by Susan, sister of George Villiers, duke of Buck-
m. There was issue of this marriage, four sons ; George,
s, John, and Henry, and two daughters ; Catherine, who died
id, and Basilia, a maid of honour to Mary d'Este, queen to
iS the Second. Sir Edward married fifthly, Bridget Fielding,
3f the Denbigh family, widow of Slaughter. She died
)ut issue in the year 1702, and Sir Edward Gage having
ttedhis 90th year, died in 1707, and was interred at Hiengrave.
'OBI AS RUSTAT, esq. Suvteen Latin verses ;
Quantum est quod Coelo ac Terris Rustate dedisti?" &c.
^'^m of charity J with her children; h. sh. mezz. dr-
'^ly scarce.
^BiAs RusTAT. SirP.Lely. Gardiner; 1796; 4fo.
192 BIOGRAPHICAL HISTORY
Tobias Rustat was keeper of the palace of Hampton-cooi
yeoman of the robes to Charles II. This gentleman, sensib
much youth of a liberal turn of mind must suffer for want of
petent subsistence at the university, what a check poverty
rising genius, and what an ill effect the want of common adv)
of society has upon a man's future behaviour and conduct
bestowed a considerable part of his fortune upon young stut
Oxford and Cambridge. He gave lOOOZ. to purchase 50L
the income of which was chiefly to be applied to the augm<
of thirteen poor fellowships at St. John's College, in Oxford
founded eight scholarships at Jesus College, in Cambridge,
orphans of poor clergymen. He was a considerable benef
Bridewell, in London, and<;ontributed liberally towards the
ing of St. Paul's church. The brazen statue of Charles 11
middle of the great court at Chelsea hospital, and the eqi
statue of him at Windsor, were erected at his expense. Tl
charitable person, who while he lived was a blessing to the p
to the public, died, to the great regret of all that knew his in
1693.t
MR. CHIFFINCH ; from an original picture
collection of Lord Verulam, at Gorhambury. Cla:
4to.
• See particulars in «* Teme Filius," No. 49.
t Here follows his epitaph, taken from p. 145 of ** Collectanea Cantabri
by Francis Blomefield.
" Tobias Kustat, jeoman of the robes to King Charles II. whom he ser-
all duty of faithfulness, in his adversity as well as prosperity. The greate
the estate he gathered by God*s blessing, the king's favour, and his ind
disposed (of) in his lifetime, in works of charity. t He found, the mo
stowed upon the churches, hospitals, universities, and colleges, and ai
widows of orthodox ministers, the more he had at the year's end : ncith<
unmindful of his kindred and relatlous, in making them provisions out
remained. He died a bachelor, the 15th day of March, in the year, 6
aged 87 years.*
»>
t In a letter of Tobias Rustat, esq. (coraraQnicated by Joseph Gulston,
great nephew, now living, are these words : " It appears, that from no vc
tiful fortune, he gave in all 10,735/. in benefactions, long before his death;
them Dear thirty years.*'
f
OF ENGLAND. 193
William Ghiffinchy or Gheffing, was one of the pages of the bed-
tamber to Charles the Second, and keeper of the king's cabinet
oseU Wood, in enumerating the king's supper companions, says,
hey met either in the lodgings of Louise, dutchess of Portsmouth,
b those of Gheffing, near the back stairs, or in the apartment of
eanor Owynn, or that of Baptist May : but he losing his Credit,
leffing had the greatest trust among them/' So gfeat was the
ofidence reposed in him, that he was. the receiver of the secret
iisiohs paid by the court of France to the king of England. He
18 also the person who was intrusted to introduce Hudlestone, a
<^h priest, to Gharles the Second on his death-bed, for the pur-
oe of giving him extreme unction/
Sir Edward Walker, garter principal king at arms, gave a grant
arms and crest gratis to William Chiffinch. It appears that he
id an elder brother named Thomas, who, in 1664, received a
nilar favour from Sir Edward Walker, by the name of Thomas
bffinch, esq. one of the pages of his majesty's bed-chamber,
ieper of his private closet, and comptroller of the excise. He
d Elias Ashmole were madejbint comptrollers of excise, 13th of
larles IL
THOMAS WINDHAM,* esq. Sir Ralph Ct>k,
irt.p. R. Tomson exc. A. sh. mezz. '
In the last edition of GuiUim's " Heraldry," published 1724,,fol.
a coat of arms of a gentleman of both his names. Ukider the
ihievement is the following account :
" This coat is also born by Thomas Windham, of Tale, in Devon-
ure, esq. one of the grooms of his now majesty's bed-chamber,
»ird son of Sir Edmund Windham, of Gathanger, in Somersetshire,
night, marshal of his majesty's most honourable household, and
neally descended of the ancient family of Windham, of Grown-
lorp, in Norfolk." The same account was certainly printed in a
>nner edition of Gui]lim ; but it is not suflftciently clear whether r
Jharles IL or some other prince be meant by " his now nwjesty,"
conclade the former. '
♦ Sometimes spelt Wyndham.
VOL. V. 2 c
194 BIOGRAPHICAL HISTORY
EMERY HILL, esq. T.Trotter del. et sculp. Founder
of the alms-houses and free-school^ in Rochester-row,
TothiU-Jidds, Westminster.
In St. Margaret's, Westminster, is a monument, sacred to the
memory of that great example of piety and true Christianity, Mr.
Emery Hill, a peison accomplished with all Chrislian graces and
virtues, and most eminent for his charity. Oh. 1677, Mt. 68. See
a list of hifl charities in Maitland, &c.
JOHNSNELL; in the " Oxford Almanack;' 1742.
John Snell, bom at Comonall, in Carrick, in the sheriffedom of
Ayce, in Scotland, received his education in the university of Glas-
gow, and was afterward clerk under Sir Orlando Bridg^man, and
cryer of the court of Exchequer and Common Pleas, during the
time Sir Orlando was lord chief-baron and chief-justice, and after-
ward seal-bearer, when he was lord-keeper. Being much esteemed
for his great diligence and acuteness, he was employed by James,
duke of Monmouth, and Anthony, earl of Shaftesbury. He died
1679, jEf. 50; and left a considerable estate in Warwickshire, to
the university of Oxford, for the maintenance of acbolara Itom the
university of Glasgow.
J.OHN CAREW ; a small head in the frontispiece to
the " Lives, Speeches, and private Passages of those
Persons lately executed ;'' London, 1661.
John Carew ; a head in an oval seal, and auto-
graph; %vo.
Mr. Carew was descended from an ancient and honourable fa-
mily, long seated in Cornwall, and was second son of Sir Richard
Carew, of Anthony, in that county, created a baronet by Charles I.
in 1641. This gentleman was extremely unfortunate in his' two
eldest sons, though they suffered death in different causes; the
eldest. Sir Alexander, was one of the knights of the shire for Corn-
wall, in 1640 ; and for a time appeared (as he certainly was by prin-
Ememt Mill JEsq-^
Obiit Jime 2^*16^/.
fbi'MvA lo!^f^g^t^W^Udi4i^/H&fitrS!lUie^ltrSfmttn.
OF ENQLAl^Cu 1^,
ifk) firmly attached to the repaUican interest He had received
fCNMnmissicm in the parliament army, and was gpyemor or St. Ni-
txdas island, near Plymouth ; but on the success of the royalists in
ke west of England, fearing the loss of his estatCi which was large
1 that quarter, he deserted the parliament army, and went over to
but of the king. Shortly after, however, falling into the hands of
be prevailing power, he was brought to a court-martial for deser-
iM, found guilty, and beheaded on Tower-hill^ Dec, 23, 1644.
lea&cted great religion and humility at his death, and confessed
t was more from the fear of losing his estate than affection for the
iDyal cause, that prompted him to act in the way he had done.
Mr. John Carew, on the contrary, whatever his other failings
ilight be, was consistent in firmly supporting, to the last moment of
MS existence, the principles he first set out with in public life. Me
mm returned to serve in the Long Parliament, as one of the mem-
Mfi for the borough of Tregony, in Cornwall ; and, in 1646, two
nars after the execution of his brother, so constant was his affection
to the cause of the parliament^ that it appointed him one of the
lOiiUDissioners to receive the king at Holdenby. Cromwell, Iretoui
Eftdlow, and the other principal leaders of the republicans, were so
Vdl convinced of his political opinions, that he was one of the first
•itned in the commission to tiy the king : nor were they mistaken
ft the knowledge of the man, for he sat every day, both in the
hunted Chamber and Westminster Hall, in which they met; and
pA his hand and seal to the warrant for carrying the sentence into
Ittcntion.
- During the life of the Protector, Mr. Carew lived in great retire-
jie&t ; but on the coming over from Holland of King Charles II. h%
Ci apprehended, and conveyed to London, in order to his being
Qght to trial ; in most of the towns he passed through on the
■iy, the generality of the people reviled him in the following terms :
•Hang him, rogue ;" " Pistol him," said others. *' Hang him up/'
iikl some at Salisbury, *' at the next sign-post, without farther
•BO^e.'* ** Look," said others^ '^ how he doth not alter his coon-
B^feance ; but we beHeve he will tremble when he comes to the lad-
^« This is the rc^ue will have no king but Jesus." Indeed, the
lB<e of the people all the way was such, that had he not been armed
Uli the gree^st fortitude, he must have sunk under the torrent of
Nise hurled around him on every side.
^Ut. Ciavew was brought to trial at the Old Biuley, before Judge
^ter, Oct. 12,. 1660 ; and after a very small time of coo^ulutioi^
196 BIOGRAPHICAL HISTORY
by the jury amongst themselTes at the bar, they brought in a verdict
of guilty. Three days after, Oct, 15, he was drawn on a hurdle
from Newgate to Charing-cross, and there executed : which being
done, his quarters were begged by his brother of the king, and by
him were buried.
- GREGORY CLEMENT; a small head in the fron-
tispiece to the "Lives, Speeches, and Passages, of the
Regicides;" 8vo.
Gregory Clement ; with his seal and autograph ,•
Ato.
' Gregory Clement, a citizen and merchant of London, was a man
of conaiderable reputation and estate, which he greatly improved by
trading to Spain; having obtained a seat in the Long Parliament in
1646, he cordially joined with those who were most affectionate nnd
ready to serve the Commonwealth, though it does not appear he
ever possessed any place of profit under the republican government.
He became particularly obnoxious to the episcopal and cavaliei'
party, by his purchasing the sequestered estates of the bishops, by
which he is reported to have made a considerable fortune. He was
considered of such consequence, both with the army and parliameat,
that he was put into the commisGJoa to try the king, and is reported
to have said on that occasion, " He durst not refuse his assist-*
ance." He attended the high court of justice all the days in ■West-
minster Hall ; and in the Painted Chamber, the 8th, 22d, and 29th,
of January ; and set his hand and seal to the warrant to put the
king to death. '
On the restoration of Charles the Second, he was absolutely ex-
cepted from pardon, both as to life and estate; and was appre-'
bended May 26, 1660, and sent to the Tower ; at which lime an.
order came to secure the property of all those who had sat iu judg— '
ment upon the late king, Ludlow gives a very extraordinary ac-
count of the manner in which he was discovered : he says, " Mr.
Gregory Clement, one of the king's judges, had concealed himself
at a mean house near Gray's Inn; but some persons having ob-
Berved that bettor provisions were carried to that place than had
been usual, procured an officer to search the house, where he foun<f
Mr, Clement; and piesnnnng him to be one of the king's judges,
OF. ENGLAJ^D. 197
thougk he knew, him not. personally^ carried him hefore the.com-
ndssioners of the jniHtia of .that precinct. : One of these commis-
sioners, to whom he was not unknown, after a slight examination,
had prevailed with the rest to. dismiss him ; but as he was about to
withdraw, it happened that a blind man, who had crowded into the
room, and was acquainted with the voice of Mr. Clement, which was
very, remarkable, desired he might be called in again, and i de-
manded, if he was not Mr. Gregory Clement ? The commissioners
not, knowing how to refuse his request,, permitted the question to be
asked; and he not denying himself to be the man, was, by that
means, discovered.*' He was brought to trial, Oct. 12, 1660 : and at
first pleaded not guilty, but waving his plea, he confessed himself
guilty; at the same time presenting a petition in court praying
mercy of th& king.
*. JDnring the time of his imprisonment, and after conviction, he
'Was.remaiii:ed for his great taciturnity, seldom or ever hailing con-
Tersation with any one ; but. when he found his petition of no avail,
aad that he must expiate his offence by death, he said, that nothing
troubled him so much as his pleading guilty at the time of his trial,
.srfaich he did to satisfy the importunity of his relations; by which
he had rendered himself unworthy to die in so glorious a cause.
He was executed at Charing-cross, on the 17th of October, 1660;
going from Newgate on the same sledge with Mr. Scot. He made
no speech ; for being asked by .the sheriff if he had any thing to say,
he replied,- "No:" upon which execution was done; and being
quartered, his head was set upon London-bridge. It is not to be
much wondered at, that he should make no set speech ; for : Ludlow
nemarks, '* that though his. apprehension and judgment were not to
be despised) yet ha had no good elocution.''
HENRY MARTIN \from an original 'picture in the
possession of Charles Lewis j esq. quarto ; in Co.ve's
^^ Tour in Monmouthshire.^'
. Henry Marten, esq. with his seal and autograph.
J. .Tuck sc. 8vo. ,
.Henry Marten, esq. was son and heir-apparent of Sir Henry
Marten, I^L.D. a judge of the Admiralty, and who wished to mp-
198 BIOGRAPHICAL HISTORY
derate the misimdentanduig that arose belwceh.'Kiiig.CharIes ibe
First and his parliament ; in the last of which he sat as a member
for the borough of St Ives, in Huntingdondiire.
The first account that we have of this gentfeman b in theysir
1639, when he was one of those who excused themi^ves from cos*
tributing money towards the Scotch War, as haying otherwiM
assisted his majesty. He was returned one ai the members to rs^
present the county of Berks, in the two last parliaments called Vj
King Charles I. ; and the latter was the erer memorable one, k
which he made a most conspicuous figure. Mr. Marten had pees-
liar advantages at the commencement of his public life, having us*
ceived a learned education at Oxford, the j^ace of his nativity.^ He
became a gentleman-commoner in Universify C(^ege when onlj
fifteen years old ; and in 1607, he received a batchelor of arts' dfti
gree. Upon his leaving coU^e, he applied to the study of the hw
in one of the inns ; but his mind probably was too volatile for thst
dry profession : quitting it, he took a tour through France; od
upon his return, enriched himself by a marriage with a rich widow.
Sir Henry, his father, was extremely conversant in business; and
it would have been of singular use to him, had he acted with diat
prudence that might have been expected from the care and admo*
nitions of so able a monitor ; but on the contrary, he was all vkn
lence from the very commencement of the civil war. The parlia^
ment appointed him colonel of a regiment of horse ; but he more
distinguished himself with his tongue than his sword ; 4is a most
convincing proof: one of the Puritanic clergy named Skltmarsh^
having in August, 1643, amongst other expressions, said, that '^ all
means should be used to keep the king and his people from a
sudden union ; that the war ought to be cherished under the notioa
of popery, as the surest means to engage the people ; and that if
the king would not grant their demands, then to root him out and
the royal line, and to collate the crown upon somebody else." The
House of Commons expressed their indignation against such dan-
gerous positions ; though too many of them were known to b^
guided by such sentiments.
Mr. Marten, who thought exactly as Mr. Saltmarsh, except in
the article of giving the crown to any other when they had taken it
from the legal possessor, said, in the course of the debate about the
obnoxious book, that ** he saw no reason to condemn Mr. Saltmarsh,
and that it were better one family should be destroyed than many."
Sir Nevil Pole moving, that " Mr. Marten should explain what eae
OF ENGLAND. 199
Family lie meant;" lie boldly answered, "the king and his children."
Tliia called up the indignation of many truly loyal members, who
representing both the extreme profligacy of his life, and the very
dangetons tendency of his answer, moved, that he should be sent to
Ae Tower; which passing in the affirmative, he was sent thither;
but his party, who thought he had only spoken too early his senti-
ments, using their influence, he was released from his confinement ;
but it did not prevent his expulsion from the house.
In January, 1645-6, many in the House of Commons coming
Bearer to Mr, Marten's political creed, procured a vote, that the
former judgment against him, by which he was expelled their walls,
diould be void, and erased out of their journals ; and that he
■hoold enjoy the benefit of his first election : this, says Whitlock,
gate occasion for some to observe, that the house began to be more
averse to the king, lliey even gave him the government of Beading,
and highly resented the arrest of one of his menial servants; and his
insolence became unbounded : he stopped a letter which the Earl of
Northumberland sent to his countess, and opened it, thinking he
should have discovered some correspondence between that noble-
man and the king ; and though his lordship was a partisan of the
parliament, yet this scandalous conduct was applauded rather than
censured.
This great peer, however, did not choose to put up with such an
iosult ; and meeting Colonel Marten, after a conference between the .
two houses, in the Painted Chamber, questioned him about it ; and
ke, instead of apologizing, giving some rude answer to justify what
ke had done, the earl cudgelled him before the whole company of
lords and commons : yet notwithstanding the disgraceful traits in
log character, he continued to be extremely popular in the House of
CoumiOQS ; and at a consultation of the first commanders in the
snny, Mr. Marten, as a colonel, attended, and cut the matter short,
by telling them they should " serve the king, as the English did his
Scotch grandmother— cut off his head." This horrid advice was
sdopted, and he was the first to dispose every thing for the comple-
lion of the scheme ; and, as one of the commissioners m the high
court of justice, he sat every day, three excepted, the 13ll], 18th,
ind 19th, and signed the warrant to put the sentence into exe-
cution.
At the restoration, he was absolutely excepted, both as to life and
property; but he had the prudence to surrender himself, in obedi-
iince to the proclamation of the parliament, and was brought to trial
i
200 BIOGRAPHICAL HISTORY
at the Sessions-house, in the Old Bailey, Oct. 10, 1660. He mr
found guilty; but through the influence of powerful friends, he got
off with imprisonment for life ; and was c(»^ned upwards of twentf
years in Chepstow Castle, Monmouthshire, where he died saddenlj
with the food iu his mouth, in 1681, aged 78 years. .
JOHN VENN, esq. Harding sc. 8vo.
John Venn, esq. was a silk-man, in London, but whose businett,
was supposed not to be good, which making him discontented, he
went into the army, and rose to. the rank of colonel, was appDinted ,
governor of Windsor Castle, had the sum of 4000/. gifted him for
supposed losses, which probably he never experienced. - He was
appointed one of the king's : judges, and took a decisive pait
against the fallen monarch, omitting only January 19th and 24tiif
from sitting upon the trial ; and he signed the warrant for exe-
cution.
His government of Windsor had given him great conseqaencef .
as well from the strength of the place, as it being the sanctuary rf'
the most consummate hypocrisy, where all the worst of a vife
faction met to deliberate upon their actions, and to pray for the
completion of their diabolical schemes. .This situation too afibrded
him opportunities of plundeiing the neighbourhood, and embezzling
the royal furniture ; such as hangings, linen, and bedding. The
superiors in the army put him upon such services that would have
disgusted more honourable persons, dispatching him with the
pressed men — for this was not illegal in the land-service with these
defenders of liberty ; but his conduct was so imperious to these od-
happy people, that they revolted at Farnham, in their way to General
Fairfax, but were soon suppressed.
Soon after the king's violent death, he fell into great neglect,
living privately upon the plunder he had obtained. The parliament
at the restoration would have included him in the utmost penalties
of the laws against traitors ; but just at the moment, it was given
out by his family that he died. Many thought from the sudden?
ness of his exit, that he had destroyed himself; if not, it is most
probable that he secreted himself so artfully, that he escaped the
vigilance of those who would gladly have made him a public exam-
ple. His name, however, is in the exceptive clause, and the govern-
ment seized his property.
few. (sjfft-mJ: . (JumjoujL.
J,r.,,_n.,,>a^,%riO>^.ikt v^-^Jm l^l 8m-r'_ti '^ <w:UJ■^NC'■■
OF ENGLAND. 201
MILES CORBET ; an oval, in the same plate with
Colonel Okey and John Barkstead; small h. sh. very
icarce.
Miles Corbet ; copied from the above. W. Rich^
dvdson exc. Svo.
Miles Corbet; with his seal and autograph ; 8w.
Mr.Oorbett was a geniteniafr df. an ancient and honourable
fiumly in Norfolk, who afiftergoiittg through hift academical studies,
settled himself to the pr^Ebssicm^rUieTlain and was for many years
a member and resident iatincoln^s Inn.) It cannot be objected to
1^ as to many othefk of his republican brothers^ that he was
one of the mushroom breM, engendered.'oidy and fbstered through
the troubles of the times* thi^ Uved in, Mr;: Corbet having been re-<
tamed a member to serve in eyerysuccessive parliament for thirty^
seven years prior to the -restoration; he was burgess of, and recorder
for, Great Yarmouth, in the Lon^ Parliament ; early became a
committee-ma^ .for the county of Noifdk; ahd^ from his well*
known legal fifeiUlies, was, by the parliament hi ld44>tQade derk of
the court of w^urds ; and iii Mdrchf, 1647--8, hie, Viih Mr. Robert
Goodwin, were made registrats in the court (^ Chan^Iery^ in the room
of Colonel Long, one of the eleven impeached' members. This
place alone, to Mr. Corbet, was worth 700/. :ayeiar«.-
Corbet had the jprincipal management of {he t>ffice of sequestra-
tion agsiinst the lo3ralistR, irf order to enable the 'parliament to carry
on the war against the king ;- spealdng of which, Lord Hollis says,
" The committee of examinations, where Mr. Miles Corbet kept his
justice seat, which was worth something to his clerk, if not to him,
what a continual horse^fair it was 1 even like doomsday itself, to
judge persons of all sorts and sexes/^ The strictness with which
he enforced the penalties in this station, rendered him so extremely
odious and unpopular in this kingdom, that he was glad to embrace
an opportunity that offered to change the scene. The parUament
therefore in August, 1652, put him in the commission for managing
the affairs of Ireland, with the Lord-general Cromwell, Lieutenant-
generals Fleetwood and Ludlow, Colonel Jones, and Mr. Weaver.
In this situation he remained during all the changes of government,
VOL. V. 2d
202: BIOGRAPHICAL HISTORY
until January, 1659-60 ; ivhen he was suspended by Sir Charles
Coote, and then impeached of high- treason, after haTing received
no less than ten several commissions for this office. He soon after
returned into England, but was so alarmed by the proceeding^
against Sir Henry Vane, and Major Salway, and from having so
great a charge preferred against him, that he would not appear pub-
licly, much less go to the house, until inspired with some confidence
by Ludlow, he went thither to give an account of his conduct; in
which he acted in such a manner that reflected credit to his pablie
character ; for Ludlow, who was part of the time upon the spot, tnd
some while employed with him, avers that " he manifested such in-
tegrity, that though he was continued for many years in that station,
yet he impaired his own estate for the public service, whilst he ir»
the greatest husband of the Commonwealth's treasure."
At the restoration, Mr. Corbet made bis escape to the continent;
and after travelling through many parts of Germany, settled with
Barkstead and Okey, at Hanau, in the circle of the Lower Rhine ;
and having taken care to secure iet sufiGksient property for their fiitore
maintenance and support, were admitted free burgesses of ^t
place. After remaining many months uninolested or disturbed here^
Mr. Corbet imprudently quitted this secure asylum, on a shortvisit
to some friends in Holland ; notice of which coming to the know-
ledge of Sir George Downing, the English resident, he was secured
ia company with his friends Barkstead and Okey ; whom he had
called on merely to pay a friendly visit. Sir George had procured
an .Order from the states-^general to secure them ; which having
been effected through the most mean and despicable treachery, he
sent them over in chains to England by the Black-a-moor frigate,
which had been stationed there for that purpose, on Downing's re-
ceiving notice from a friend of Colonel Okey*s of his intended visit,
which the renegade Downing had given his parole of honour he
would in no way disturb or molest. This man had been raised by
Colonel Okey from a very low station in life to the establishment
which he then held, having remained in that situation under Crom-
well and the Commonwealth, but made his peace with the new king
and government, by betraying all those who had been his best
friends and protectors.
Being brought to the bar of the King's Bench, on the 16th of
April, 1662, after a slight investigation as to identity of person,
Mr. Corbet was found guilty, and received sentence of death. He
was executed at Tyburn, being drawn there upon a sledge from the
OF ENGLAND. 203
Tower ; his quarters were placed over the city gates, and his head
iqpon London-bridge, April 19, 1662.
IRISH GENTLEMEN.
SIR PHILIP PERCEVAL, bart. 2d of that name,
eldest son of the Right Honourable Sir John Perceval,
hvtt the 7th of that name, bom the 12th of January,
iS56, died without issue, the 11th of September, 1680.
faberf. 1744, %vo. This and the three following prints
were engraved for " The History of the House of
Yvery:'
This gentleman was eldest son of Sir John Perceval, by Catharme
Southwell. Having completed his education, by arts, languages,
tad travel, he fixed a regular plan for increasiug his paternal estate
and serving the public in England, for which he appears to have
been perfectly qualified from his judgment, activity, and elevated,
but well-tempered, spirit. He was stopped short, in the very be-
^nning of his career by death, the effect, as was reasonably sup-
posed, of poison, administered by an unknown hand, while he was
eagerly engaged in tracing the dark and intricate drcumstances of
the attempt to murder his brother Robert ;* which by his great sa«
gacity and industry, would probably soon have been uuravelled
and brought to light.f
SIR JOHN PERCEVAL, bart. (8th of that name)
lord of Burton, Liscarrol, Kanturk, Castle Warning,
and Oughterard, &c. born 1660, died 1686. Faberf
1743^
Sir John Perceval, who was third son of the seventh Sir John, by
Catharine Southwell, became possessed of the family estate, upon
the untimely deaths of Sir Philip and Robert, bis elder brothers.
* See his article a little below.
f ** History t>£ t^ House of Yfry,** p. ^6, kc
204 BIOGRAPHICAL RISTORY
Hit piety, his benetolence, and uncommon ^application to, ftudy,
rendered him, at au early period, the darlmgand bqpeiof bb frieodi
and relations. When he found himself in affluent circumstances,
he gave a loose to his natural disposition, and displayed his good-
nature, affability, and politeness, to, the whole country, as on a
public theatre, where he met with the highest approbation, as a
father and protector of tha poor, a warm patriot, and a generous
and amiable man. His hospitality was without example, and some
of his other virtues were of a peculiar cast. He generally consumed
two bullocks and twenty sheep in his family every week, in wbidi
he had one public day, when multitudes ca9ie to .pay him their rs-
spects. His house was never, on these occasions, a scene of riot,
but every thing was conducted with the strictest decorum. One of
his peculiarities was, that he rarely returned a visit, or degraded
himself by familiarity; yet few men were more respected and
beloved. Another was, always to retire from his company at five
o'clock, and to leave the real; of the entertainment to be conducted
by a gentleman whom he retained in his family for that purpose.
'To supply the defect of returning visits, he constantly went to the
county assizes, where he saw the principal persons of his acquaint*
ance, to whom he paid his civilities. It should here be observdii
that Sir John, who was rather an object of admiration than an ex-
ample of prudence and conduct, by his singular method of life, ia
the course of six years, plunged himself in a debt of 11,000/.*
GEORGE PERCEVAL, of Temple^house, in Com.
Sligo, esq. youngest son of the Right Honourable Sir
Philip Perceval, knight (1st of that name), bom 15
Sept. 1635; Ob. 1675. Faberf. 1744; ^o.
This gentleman, of whose character we know very little, goiog
Over to England, in the same ship with the Earl of Meath and other
persons of distinction, was unfortunately cast away and drowned,
on the 25th of March, .1675, He, by his wife, daughter and heir
of Crofton, esq. left two sons and a daughter. See what is
said of him and his family in the Epitome of the '* History of the
House of Yvery," prefixed to that work, and vol. ii. p. 3?4, of the
** History."
• tt
History of the House of Yrery," vol. iup. 389, &c.
OF ENGLAND. 305
ROBERT PERGEVAL, esq. second son of the
tiglit Honourable Sir John Perceval, bart. (7th of that
lame) ; bom the 8th of February, 1657 ; died, without
Msa^y the 5th of June, 1677. Faberf. 1744 ; ^vo.
Robert Perceval was, in early life, a youth of uncommon expec-
Sfttion, as, during his application to literary pursuits, he made a very
SODBidMible progress. He was some time of Christ's College, in
Ctnbridge, and afterward entered at Lincoln's Inn ; but being of a
lq|h spirit, and having a strong propensity to pleasure, he neglected
■8 studies, and abandoned himself to his passions. He is said to
kve been engaged in no less than nineteen duels before he was
twenty years of age. He was found in the Strand apparently mur-
wtdby assassins, who could never be discovered after the strictest
iMpiry ; but Fielding, the noted beau, with whom he was known
iohave had a quarrel, did not escape suspicion. A little before
liiiB tragical event, he, if himself might be credited, saw his own
^lectre bloody and ghastly, and was so shocked with the sight,
Iht he presently swooned. Upon his recovery, he went immedi-
itdy to Sir Robert Southwell, his uncle, to whom he related the
particulars of this ghostly appearance, which were recorded, word
fcr word, by the late Lord Egmont, as he received them from the
nooth of Sir Robert, who communicated them to him a little before
^s death. Lord Egmont also mentions a dream of one Mrs. Brovm,
f Bristol, relative to the murder, which dream is said to have been
Xactly verified.*
SIR THOMAS CULLUM, bart. P. Lely pinx.
K Basire sc. In the Rev. Sir John Cullunis " His-
ory and Antiquities of Hawsted and Hardwick, in the
'bounty of Suffolk r 4to.
Mr. Cullum was one of the sheriffs of London in 1646; and, in
^gQSt, 1647, was, ;^th the lord mayor and several o^ers, com*
kiitted to the Tower fbr high-treason ; that is, for having been con-
^rned in some commotions in the city, in favour of the king. He
p^as never mayor ; the ruling powers not thinking proper he should
« «<
fiiitory of the House of Yverj" vol. ii. p. 368, &c.
206 BIOGRAPHICAL HISTORY
be trusted with that office. In 1656, be puicliasefd Hat ma
Hawsted, in Suffolk, to which he retired from the hurry of bi
and public life, being then near 70 years old. Immediatel]
his purchase, he settled his estate on his surviving sonsThom
John, reserving to himself only a life interest in it. Very too
the restoration he was created a baronet, his patent beann
18 June, 1660. This mark of royal favour, and his hayin
committed to the Tower for favouring the king's party Jji
might, one would have thought, have secured him from ev^
hension of danger ; but whether it were that he had tempoi
little during some period of the usurpation, or that money wa
squeezed from the opulent by every possible contrivance, h(
pardon under the great seal, dated 17 July, 1661, for all ti
and rebellions, with all their concomitant enormities, commit
him before the 29th of the preceding December. Some crim*
excepted from the general pardon, as burglaries, peijuries,
ries, and several others ; amongst which was witchcraft.* £
April 6, 1664, and was buried in the chancel of Hawsted (
in Suffolk. A street in London still bears his name, and wl
bad considerable property, of which he just escaped seeing^
struction by the fatal fire in 1666.
He was succeeded by his eldest son, Thomas Cullum,w1io
the year 1657, married Dudley, the second daughter of Sir
North, of Mildenhall, in the county of Suffolk, bart In 1(
and Mr. Rotherham were elected members of parliament
borough of Bury St. Edmond's, by a majority of the freemc
the aldermen returned Sir Thomas Hervey and Thomas J
esquire, who had been elected by a majority of the corpo
and the former petitioned the house in vain against the retu
in 1713, Jermyn Davers and Gilbert Affleck, esquires,
similar circumstances, against the Honourable Carr Hen
Aubrey Porter.
THOMAS FOLEY, esq. of Witley-court, fo
of Stourbridge Hospital, died Oct. 1, 1677, ag<
Gulielmus Trabule fecit. In Nash's " History of
cestershire.
^ Xear three years after this, viz. March, 1664, at the assizes held at £
fore Sir Matthew Hale, tw^ witches were tried, condemned, and executed.
OF ENCKLAND^^ 207
; only account we liave of this gentleman is to be found in
fs ** History of his Life and Times ;" where he informs us,
ii. p. 73.) *' Mr. Foley, who purchased the advowson of Kid-
tster, was a truly honest and religious man, who would make
Bt choice of a minister he could. On this occasion I will
n (8£iys be) the great mercy of God to the town of Kidder-
r and country, in raising one man, Mr. Thomas Foley, who
Imost nothing did get 5000/. per annum, or more, by iron
and that with so just and blameless dealing, that all men
er be bad to do with, that ever I heard of, magnified his
ntegrity and honesty, which was questioned by none : and
I religious faithful man, he purchased, among other lands, the
ige of several great places, and among the rest, of Stour-
and Kidderminster, and so chose the best conformable mi-
that could be got ; and not only so, but placed his eldest
abitation in Kidderminster, which became a great protection
easing to the town ; having placed two families more else-
of his two other sons, all three religious worthy men, and in
alness to God for his mercies to him, built a well-founded
il near Stourbridge, to teach poor children to read and write,
en set them apprentices, and endowed it with about 500/.
. About this time the said Mr. Foley was high- sheriff of
ster, and desired Baxter to preach his sermon.
R JOHN FLOCK; an etching. CTowneleyfe-
John Flock, a gentleman of good family, was one of th6
ants on King Charles the Second during his exile in France,
my, and Holland ; and on the restoration, as a reward for his
5S, had the honour of knighthood conferred upon him, with the
ve appointment of keeper of the Arcatory to that monarch.
Im Flock was the first governor of Duck Island, in St. James's
and held the office until it was conferred upon Monseur de
remond.
110 BIOGEAPHICAL HISTORY
!» Wntfber. vk fmm aoii <kf|Hi iMtm. Tlie latter was pobUihed
vitii;ifMtiM».bTXr.mkiak]Mfairi,1721. His defence of tk j
*^ Gftna Awl^ J*" ifust Dr. Walker, "whiA was written in I« j
T4dk v«ar. iuaa n>c odSr Anr te wanadk of bis loyalty, bit dii- ^
€«««» a ficsk of tbf yimiiilfcMM of oU a|^. He was nnidi re- 1]
«f«d^ by ail cifeaS faarr Uia. Ml o^y fe bia abililiesj 1^^
hm ^wtf ^umumcy aai cfcariay^ Ok Aag. 17CUL t |^
GllIELMl^ RAM^EY^ M. D. et medknisR
giiKs v?cdaBaric» C^scvb II. JBt^ 42 ; Svo. Then u a.
^MMct^mstf ^rtnek fff^'kim m m dbcter of physic's gom^
smdt %Wk
IV. WQt&ias lUoMWPr jyfsat!* aa Ma to be die peraon
L(Ntt<iL* vW NradUkohi banadlf ia astiologj; and whei
iaiAKaiw«c« p«fe;tN twaisi i J aad tImaAiil, advanced ihe
ttmt ^ ^tusk «n. ^IW waa Mdbar oT die Iblknring books: 4
"^ CTuetirtiatt J«&asL AsQ^Ai^ liaiifali K and neasooology omh *
•iiad: «a Aa«««r a^ S^sc niaan.. Dl D. witib a Diaeouae on the
Sw\ fic))ifaiK t!^ Xar. t(&^"* l-dML Ile» aa die tide-page, styles
bMasartf WitDnniL lUnMKy. c«bc a» be does in diaft of die next
Kv^: ^ Aql laLQX>ftticQi^ii ai dbi J^ftcaaeat of d« Stars,* 1653;
fi?t. ^"^ Xmh!!;^ \icx;:««. Vxcttim^ Sjiinifuaai^ and Antidotes of
K^ask'tts^'^ 1^<^\ by WHSttor Kwiufwy, M.Dl Svo. «« EX^io6byia,
<r Fb^^icjk Ot^t«trrtfitflu l^»»:«ranllj^ Wtacsas^** 9vol 1668. He a
a^atn scyi^i M.IX a :3i( cidia a? cb» met. It sbonid bere be
absnTK^i. ^bai W «a««iatii an ndtnaneni aa deanae Ae ilnssarfc,
apsn wbkb be vrv^ a jMoifUiet* idnnrf ia saaaD 9vo. 1672. It
a|!fpear( fKwa dbe ^^ Ottneaer ef Xob&r.* «bat ha w» of tke
DalbesffT tBaaaN-.
GllL. SERMOX. iiNlkiK doctor. &c Skawm
mi vmot dei. ^ a:. jUmer LiAi menet:. fitrge 4te.
GciL. Sekxox. nedkiB* doctor ct Rgis aidiaarii,t
iB.42.
or
OF ENGLAND. 211
** Let zoiftisU carp at what u past and done,
Brare Sermon's acU shall live in face o* th' sun :
Great Monck, restorer of his country's peace,
Declares from him his dropsy soon did cease."
W. Sherwin ad vivum del. et sc. 1671.
William Sermon, a physiqian of Bristol, was possessed of a pal-
htiTe remedy, for the dropsy, by which the Duke of Albemarle was
greatly relieved: but he not long after relapsed into this distemper,
vhich at length proved fatal to him.* Dr. Sermon, who was na-
Ibraiiy vain, grew vainer than ever upon his success, and seemed
If Aikik nothing beyond the reach of his skill ; as if the man that
Stared the Great Monck of the drdpsy, could do every thing in the
fow^ of physic. Re 4rab author of *' The Ladies' Companion, 6t
ii^idk Midwife,'' &c. 1671 ; 8vo. a^d of *' A Friend to the Sick, or
flwtoifeest Englishman's Preeervktion," Ac. 1673, 8vo. to which is
fnfited his portrait^ in a doctor^s govrh ; Imt there is great doubt
^hiM having been a graduate in his profession. See Wood^^
«* Rati,'' iL coL 201.
T JOHANNES ARCHER, medicus in ordinario regi}
.' Doctor John Archer wiE» author of '' Every Man his own Physf*
dan,'' &c. printed for himself, in 1673, 6vo. To this are sub-
joined a Treatise on Melancholy, and a compendious Herbal. He
•eems to have been of such an Epicurean taste as was perfectly
adapted to the court and character of Charles the Second ; having
h ^ first of these works placed the sixth sense at the head of the
sifaer Bv^f as holding them all in subordination. He, at the end of
Vm hockf mentiona these three inventions as the issue of his own
fcsiii : the first was certainly in use among the Romans, namely^
i.hot batby by steam, for the cure of various disorders. This will
Mturally remind the reader of the fkmigations of Dominiceti. 2. An
•ren, which doth, with a small fiftgot, bake, distil, boil a pot, or
itew; with all the same charge of fire, time, and labour. This
tven was moveable : something like it has been lately advertised.
ft
* See Garopbell's '* Livea of the Admirals/' iS. p. 570.
OF' ENGLAND. 213
4
broken sc. 1746. In the possession of John Sydenham^
esq. Illust. Head.
Thomas Sydenham. M. Beak p. A. Blooteling sc.
Svo.
Thomajs Sydenham, Twe^^, M.Beale. Mc.Ardell;,
half-sheet; anonynums.
Dr. Thomas Sydenham, who was long at the bead of his pro-
fession, was a physician of great penetration . and experience^ and
went far beyond all his contemporaries in improving the art of
physic. He took late to study, but his quick parts and great
natural sagacity enabled him to make a prodigious progress in a
little time. He dared to innovate, where nature and reason led the
way; and was the first that ii^troduced the cool regimen in the
- small-pox. Hence he gave an effectual check to a distemper that
has been more pernicious to mankind, than the plague itself; and
which had been inflamed. and rendered still more pernicious, by
injudicious physicians. He carefully studied, and wrote observa-
tions upon every epidemical distemper that prevailed during the
course of his practice. He had many opponents : but his constant
success was a sufficient answer to all the cavils of his antagonists.
He freely communicated to the world his judicious remarks on a
great variety of acute and chronical distempers ; and particularly
on those that sweep away the greatest number of the human
species. What he has written on the nervous and hysteric colic,
fevers, riding in consumptive cases, and the use of milk and chaly-
beates, deserves to be mentioned to his honour. He was the first
that used laudanum with success, and that gave the bark after the
paroxyi^ in agues. After his death, was published his <* Method
of curing almost all Diseases,"* I have been informed, that his
works were more esteemed by foreign physicians than by the gene-
rality of the faculty in his own country.t There is a catalogue of
them in the " Biographia Britannica." Ob. 29 Dec. 1689.
THOMAS WILLIS, M.D. G. Vertue sc. lilust.
Head.
* This book was vfritten in Zjatin.
t They were much read and commeaded by Dr. Boeihaave.
214 BIOGRAPHICAL HISTORY
Thomas Willis, M. D. R. White sc. 8vo. Be-
fore the ^^ London Practice of Physic;'' 1685.
ft
Thomas Willis. F. Diodati ad vivum; 4to.
Thomas Willis. J. Drapentier; Ato.
Dr. Thomas Willis was a very eminent anatomisty philosopiieri
and physician, and one of the most elegant writers of his age, in
the Latin tongue. His works were much celebrated at home and
abroad, and his practice was proportionable to his fame. He was
regular in his devotions, his studies, and visiting his patients ; and
his custom was to dedicate his Sunday fees to the relief of tbe
poor. He had a deep insight into every branch of science to
which he applied himself, especially anatomy, in which he made
some discoveries ; particularly, the sinuses of the veins^ and their
use.* His *' Cerebri Anatome"t gained him a great reputation,
as did also his book '* De Anima Brutorum," his ** Pharmaceutioe
Rationalis," &c. The first of these books had an elegant copy of
verses written on it by Mr. Philip Fell,t and the drawings for tlie
plates were done by his friend Dr. Christopher Wren, the cele-
brated architect. He was the first discoverer of the medicinal
spring at Astrop, near Brackley, in Northamptonshire, which wai
• GlanvUrs " Plus Ultra," p. 14.
t He is, on accoant of this work, reckoned among the improvert of seience, bj
Mr. Wottou, in his " Reflections on ancient and modem Learning," c. 17. p. 196,
197. edit 1694.
t ** Masa AnglicanaB," vol 1. Tliere is also another copy of verses bj the same
hand on his '' Diatribe," &c.
This print and the next were done from the original pictue cf
him at Whaddon-hall, which belonged to his grandson, the lali
Browne Willis, esq. and was left by his wiU to the Bodldaa
Library.
Thomas Willis, M. D, without his name; in-
scribedy " JEtatis sua 45, D. Loggan delin. et sc.^ Be-
fore his " Pharmaceutice Rationalis ;" foL ||
I
I
'OF ENGLAND. 215
Doe in high repute.* Mr. Addison informs ui, in his ^^Travels,''
wtAe physician retained by the Uttle republic of St. Marino,
tenhe was m Italyi was well read in the works of our country-
mxUBXvej, Willis, and Sydenham. Ob. 11 Nov. 1675.
SIR THOMAS BROWNE, of Norwich, M, D.
B. White sc. Before his " WbrA^," 1686 ; foL
Thomas Browne, eques aur. et med. doctor.
an Hove sc. 4to.
Sib Thomas Browne, M.D. P. Vandrebanc f.
x>.
Sib Thomas Browne, M.D. T. Trotter sculp.
% Malcolnis ^^ Lives of Topographers;'' Ato.
!nii» learned and ingenious physician was knighted by Charles
I at Norwich, in Sept 1671. See an account of him in the reign
Cbaju.es I.
GEORGIUS ENT, eques auratus, M. D. et Coll.
L^d. Loud, socius ; 9tVo. His head is before his '^ Ani^
ddverskmes in M. Thrustoni^ M. D. Diatribam de
ewirationis Usu primarioy' Lond. 1679 ; 8w.
Sib George Ent, M. D. R. White; 8vo.
Dr*, George Ent, president of the College of Physicians, and
ilow of the Royal Society in this reign, distinguished himself in
at of Charles I. b;^ writing an apology in Latin for Dr. Harvey's
tctirme of the circulation of the blood, in opposition to ^milius
* Willb and Lower fint recommended the waters of Astrop^ which were afterward
Griedby Radcliffe. The reaion which I have heard assigned for his decrying them,
i8> because the people of the village Insisted opon his keeping a bastard child,
licfa was laid to him bj an infamous woman of that place. Upon this the doctor
dared " that he would put a toad into their well," and accordingly cried down
& waters, which soon lost their reputation.
216 BIOGRAPHfCAL HISTORY
PariMuui.* In the «une book ain bosk judicious observatioas oi
the operation of purging medidnee. He was auil
other pieces, torae of which are in the " Philosophical Tru
don8."t QIanTill, ipeakJug in his " Pliu Ultra" of the p
iroproTements in anatomy, numben Sii George Ent, Dr. Gfiiu(i,l
and Dr. Willie, with the most celebrated discoverers in ti^M
■cienee.t Hie two fonner were among the first memb^va
Royal Society.
FRANCISCUS GUSSONUS, M. D. M
W. Dolle sc. Ato.
Feanciscus GtissoNtfs, M. D. Mt. 80.
Ihome sc.
There is a small anonymous copy of this print.
Dr. Francis Glissoo, kmg's professor of physic, at Caml
waa uoiversally esteemed one of the beat' physicians of hie
He was an excellent anatomist, and acquired a great repul
his writings on anatomical, and other subjects. He diacovei
captiilaconmwtUi&itd the vagina porta; and he, and Dr. Wharton,!
covered the internal ductus sativarii, in the maxillary glandiiie.4 '
account of sanguification was esteemed very rational, and
much approved of, as was also his " Anatomia Hepatji."
" TractatuB de Natura Substantite eoergetica," &c. Lond. 1672;
4to. and his " Tractatus de Ventriculo et Intestinis," &c. AmsWL
1677; 4to. are among his principal worts : his portrait is prefisai
to both. I was told by a gentleman in Dorsetshire, who was oeailj
• Mr. Aihb;, pniideut of SL Joh&'i College, in Cambridge, hu > cm *
" Kanigli Bibliolbeu," iaberleaTed and GUed with MS. notes by A. Seller. JU ^
word " Ehi," ii thii panage: " In baave libtie De GeDeratione AnimaliHi
hoc inveni aciipts : "Guallherl Charlloui liber, ei munere nobiliuimidocUsriiiiiil''.
*iri Domini Georgii Enl, Equitis aurtui, jui turn Lallng dacripiU." Tha bftj
WM given by iiill of Sit George Ent. mads when he wai dying, lo Dt, Wil""
CiwritDn. The ingeuioui Dr. Baker, author of the Ofe of Harvey, pfelii " ' '"
work) in 4to. observea, that the Lalinity of this book is iup«rior to that of .
writing). Thii anecdote aaiigns the reason of it.
t See No. 173. and No. 194, An. 1691,
t"PlinUllni,"p. 13.
i" Plui Uitn," )i. 14.
OF ENGLAND. 217
allied to his familyj tliat he visited a considerable number of
patients in the time of the plague, and preserved himself from the
infectioxi, by thrusting bits of sponge, dipped in vinegar, up his
nostrils. This excellent physician, and worthy man, whose works
were well known abroad, as well as at home, died in a very ad^*
vanced age, the 14th of October, 1677. ^ee more of him in Bh'ch's
" History of the Royal Society," vol. iii. p. 356.
Dr. LOWER; oval; before his ^^ Receipts T I2m0i
I strongly suspect this portrait not to be genuine.
Richard Lower was educated at Christ Church, in Oxford, under
Dr. Thomas Willis, of whom he learned to be an excellent ana-
tomist; and that great physician is said to have learnt several
^gs from him. Upon the death of Dr. Willis, he succeeded to a
great part of his practice, and was in as high repute as any phy-
sician in London. He was the first discoverer of Astrop Wells,*
which was formerly much frequented. He was author of several
medical pieces, of which Mr. Wood has given us a catalogue.
But his capital work is his book '* De Corde,'' which has been often
printed. In this book, he lays claims to the invention of trans-
fusing the blood, to which Francis Potter, a native of Mere, in
Wiltshire, had certainly a prior right.f Dr. Lower's name has
been impudently affixed to several vile nostrums sold in the shops.
GUALTERUS CHARLETONUS, M. D. et Coll.
Med. Lond. socius, 1678, J^t. 66. D. Loggan ad
vivum del. et sc. 1679; Ato.
♦ Wood, ii. col. 857.
t See his article in Wood. — The transfusion of the blood from one human body to
aoother, from which the physicians of this time had great expectations, may be
ranked with Taliacotius*8 famous chimera of supplying defective parts, by grafting
others in their places. To transfuse the fluids of the body, can do us but little ser-
Yice, except a method be discovered of renewing the solids.
Vas nbi sincerum est, quodcunque infundis acescit.
In Dr. James Mackenzie's " History of Health, and the Art of preserving it ;" the
3d edit. Edinburgh, 1760 ; 8vo. p. 459, is an account of the " Rise and Fall of
the Transfusion of Blood from one Animal into another."
VOL. V. 2 F
2X8 BIOGRAPHICAL HISTORY
Walter Charleton ; in the ^'Oxford Aknamcky'
1749.
Dr. Walter Charleton was a man of great natural endowments,
and one of the most universal scholars of his time. In &e early
part of his life, he closely studied the Greek and Roman authors;
and afterward applied himself to the study of natural and mond
philosophy, history, and antiquities ; besides the several branches
of literature that were essential to his profession. 'He has leftns
ample testimony of his diligence and capacity in his various
writings, which were generally well received in the reign. of Charles
II. But of late years, such is the fate of good, as well as bad
authors, they have been generally neglected. It appears that he
was well acquainted with the history of physic, by his frequent
comparison of the opinions of the ancient with those of the modem
physicians. Of all his writings, hone made a greater noise in the
world than his " Treatise of Stonehenge ;" in which he has endea^
youred to prove, in opposition to the opinion of Inigo Jones, diat
it is a Danish monument. Sir William Dugdale, and other enunent
antiquaries, agreed with him in thid conjecture. Though he was
physician in ordinary to Charles I. and was continued in that
station by his son, it does not appear that he was retained by him
after the restoration. He was in the reigti of William III. elected
president of the College of Physicians. The author of his life in
the " Biographia Britannica," has given him a more advantageous
character than Mr. Wood. The reader may see some account of
him in Hearne's preface to " Peter Langtoft," Sect. XX. Ob» 1707,
SIR WILLIAM PETTY ; Edwin Sandys sc. large
4to.
Sir William Petty ; stipled ; 4to.
Sir William Petty, who was some time professor of anatomy in
Oxford, was fellow of the College of Physicians in the reign rf
Charles II. He gave early proofs of that comprehensive and in-
quisitive genius for which he was afterward so eminent ; and which
seems to have been designed by nature for every branch of science
to which he applied himself. At the age of fifteen, he was master
<IF ENGLAND. .219
of such a. compass of knowledge in the languages, arithmetic^ geo-
■Ktrj,;a8tron(Hnyy navigation, practical mathematics, and mecha-
nical trades, as few are capable of attaining in the longest life. He
made his way in the world under great disadvantages in point of
ciicumstancies, ha^ng acquired a veiy moderate fortune with as
nnch difficuityy as he afterward rose with ease to wealth and
iMfii&ace,* He was an excellent chymist and anatomist, and a
perfect master of every other kind of knowledge that was requisite
to .the profession of physic. He was a very able mathematician,
had a ine hand at drawing, was 8kilf^l in the practical parts of
mechanics, and a most exact surveyor. But what he particularly
qipUed himself to, and understood beyond any man of his age, was
the knowledge of the common arts of life, and political arithmetic.
His admirable essays in this art, have even raised his reputation to
a l^gber pitch than it rose to in his lifetime ; as experience has
folly proved the justness of his calculations.f This great man*
iriio knew better than any of bis contemporaries how to enrich the
nation -anjd himself, died the 16th of Dec. 1687,]; in the 65th year
of his age. See the r^ign of James IL
ROBERTUS MORISON, natus Aberdeniae, 1620,
ob. Londini, 1683. Sunman p. R. White sc. in an oval
qf flowers ; h.sh.
Robert Morison, a native of Aberdeen, studied physic in France,
where he particularly applied himself to botany. He, in a short
time, became so great a proficient, that he was appointed superin-
tendant of the royal garden at Blois. In 1660, he came into Eng-
* He told Mr. Aubrey, Aat he was driven to great straits for money, when he
was in Fnmce ; and tiiat he had lived a week upon two or three penajwortfa oC wal-
nuts. But h«, at length, made his way through all difficulties ;^4Uid, as he expressed
it to that gentleman, " hewed out his fortune himself." MS. by Mr. Aubrey, in
Mus. AshmoL
t Captun JofaaOrauAt, aad Dr.. Charles Darenant, resdeved themselves famous
for political calculatioB, and have puWished several excdilent books of that kind.
The former gained great reputation by his " Natural and Political Observations upon
Ike BlU of Mortality," first published 'm 1661, 4to. This work has been attributed
to Us intimate friend Sir William Petty, and the name of Graunt has been by many
upposed to be fictitious : but see the life of this ingenious person in the " Biogra-
phia Britanmca.**
t See his very curious will in Lodge's " Irish Peerage," vol. ii. p. 80.
220 BIOGRAPHICAL HISTORY
land, and was made botanical professor to Charles II. and overseer
of his gardens. He was afterward chosen professor of botany at
Oxford, where he read several courses of lectures in that science,
in the middle of the physic garden.* His " Preeludia Botanica,"
in two volumes 8vo. his '' Plantarum Umbelliferarum Distributio,*^.
in folio, and his *^ Historia Plantarum," which is also in folio, have ; ^
done him much honour. He finished only the second part of his
'' History of Plants f' the third part, which he had begun, was
continued by Jacob Bobart, keeper of the physic garden at Ox-
ford, who also added a third volume. It is not known what be*
came of the first. 06.1683.
LEONARD PLUKENET, M. D. Collins sc. 168h
Leonard Plukenet was one of the most excellent and laborious
botanists of this, or any other age. He was author of the " Phyto-
graphiee Plucenetianee," ♦* Almagestum Botanicum," and other works
of the like kind ; on which he spent the greatest part of his life
and fortune. His " Phytography" is mentioned with the highest
encomiums in the *' Philosophical Transactions," for February,
1696-7. The encomiast says, that, ♦* without flattery, it may de-
serve the name of a performance to the improvement of so great a
part of the universal history of nature, as hath not been done by
the whole complex of precedent ages." His " Opera Botanica,?
with cuts, were printed at London, in 6 tomes, folio, 1720,
JOHANNES M AYOW ; Faithorne sc. Before hi^
" Tractatus quinque,'^ Sgc. small 9>vo.
John Mayow. Caldivall sc. In Dr. Thornton^
*' Sexual System''
This ingenious physician, who was fellow of All Souls College,
^ in Oxford, was author of the following pieces, which have been
. printed together, both in England and Holland; viz. " Tractatus
quinque Medico-physici : quorum primus agit de Sale Nitro, et
Spiritu Nitro Aereo ; Secundus de Respiratione : Tertius de Re-:
♦ The practice of reading botanic lectures has been long laid risidc : the profecT
tor's salary continues as it was.
OF ENGLAND. 221
piratione Foetiis in Utero, et Ovo : Quartus de Motu Musculari,
it Spiritibus Animalibus: Ultimus de Rachitide." — Dr. Plot, in
ikis ^^ Natural History of Oxfordshire," has the following remark on
the first of these treatises : '' John Mayow, LL. D. of All Souls,
stndeht in physic, has lately taught, that air is impregnated with a
tttro-aerial spirit, which doctrine he confirmed by experiments.*' —
The last of the treatises,* concerning the rickets, has singular
Herit, and was allowed to be the best extant on that subject; He
teaided at fiath during the summer season, where his practice was
tttended with great success.t Ob, Sept. 1679. The reader is re^
erred to the '' Bodleian Catalogue," for a further account of his
rorks.
Effigies NATHANAELIS HIGHMORII, in Medi-
ina Doctoris, JEt. 63, 1677. A. Blootelingf. small h. sh.
Nathaniel Highmore ; a small head in thefron-
ispiece to his ** Corporis Humani Disquisitio Anato-
mca^'' HagcBj 1651 ; foL
Nathaniel Highmore, a native of Fordingbridge, in Hampshire,
^as educated at Trinity College, in Oxford. He practised physic
^th great reputation, at Shirburn, in Dorsetshire, where no man
^as more esteemed for his skill in his profession, or better beloved
or his humanity and benevolence.! He was the first that wrote a
^systematical treatise upon the structure of the human body, which
ie adapted to Dr. Harvey's doctrine of the circulation of the blood,
Uid dedicated it to that great man. He discovered the duct for'
-lie conveyance of the seed from the testes to the parastatce, whose
utricate folds he first described, as he also did the fibres and ves-
sels of the spleen, which had long been mistaken for veins. § The
• Sfee more of this book in " Fhilos. Transact.*' No. 105, p. 101, &c. See also
** Chambers's Diet.** Artie. Respibation.
t Bath was not then the scene of pleasure (hat it is at present. Its physicians are
^Ww four times as numerous as thej were in Mayow's time ; and yet it 's well kpown
^iiat great numbers of the people that resort thither, destroy their constitutions on
^ spot, much faster than the physicians and the waters can repair them.
X Mr. Wood informs us, that he nerer took a fee of a clergyman. " Atficn.
^xon." \u 779.
$ Sce*« Plot's Oxfordshire," p. 301. edit. 1.
tf
fi
222 BIOGRAPHICAL HISTORY
cavity in the jaw, called antrom HighmoTianmii, -after his name, ii
another of his discoveries. Trivial as this may appear^ the ddUl
anatomist considers it as investigating the secret -letxeat of mnm
of the enemies of life, and pointing out, at the same time, whatii
essential to the human frame. He died the 21st of March, 1684, n
the 71st year of his age. He wrote ^* Corporis Humaoi INsqnifitio
Anatomica.*' Hagee Com. 1651, folio. There is a smaBbeadtf
the author in the title. He also vnrote '< The History of Qe»
ration/' Lond. 1651, 8vo. dedicated to the Honourable BiM
Boyle: To this is added, '' A Discourse of the Cure of Woundibf
Sympathy." " De Passione hysterica et Affecticme hypochondriaoii'
1660, 8vo. *' De hysterica et hypochondriaca Passione, Respomil
epistolaris ad Doctorem Willis," 1670, 4to.
EVERARDUS MAYNWARING, M. D. JSt. 3(^j
1668 ; R. White sc. 4to. plain band; another withit^
wrought band; the same plate altered. Before his hck
on the scurvy.
Everard M aynwaring was descended from the same feonily
Arthur Maynwaring, esq. a name much better known to the worii-^
This family, which had long been seated in Cheshire, was ancient^ '
one of the most honourable in the kingdom.* He was author df
the following books : " The ancient and modern Practice rf
Physic;" " A Treatise on the Preservation of Health and loBf
Life ;" " The Complete Physician ;" <* A History of the Venereal
Lues ;" " The Pharmacopsean Physician's Repository ;" " A Trea-
tise of Consumptions," and another of the Scurvy. After the rei-
toration, King James's " Counterblast to Tobacco" was reprinted:
to which is subjoined, ** A learned Discourse written by Dr. Everard
Maynwaring, proving that Tobacco is a procuring Cause of the
Scurvy ;" also his " Serious Cautions against excessive Drinking,
vnth several Examples of God's severe Judgments upon notorious
Drunkards, who have died suddenly," &c.
GIDEON HARV^US, utriusque med. et. pE
* Mr. Ashmole's first wife was of this family. He tells os in his ** Blarj," p< ^
that his consin Everard Maynwaring died 23d of February, 1657. This was piobt'
bly the doctor*s father. i
OF ENGLAND, 223
doctor, apud Londinenses practicus^ et CoUeg. Med.
Hi^ens. quondam socius. Haga ComitiSy 1663;
?• Philippe sc. large 4to. Before his " New principlei
fif Philosophy;' 1663.
Gideon Harvey, med. spag. et. dogm. doctor;
i. Hertochsf. Before his " Great Venus unmasked^'
1672; \2mb.
Gideon Harvjeus. Frosne sc.
Gideon Harvey, who was e8te<&med but little better than a
hypothetical pretender to physic, wrote against the frauds and em-
jiiricism of the physicians and apothecaries, as well as those of the
quacks of his time. He made it his business to cry down the
fiicultyy and published several books with a view of making people
their own doctors. His '' Art of curing Diseases by Expectation/'
is one of the most remarkable of his works. In this he intimates,
that nature, aided by expectation only, may be more safely relied
on than the prescriptions of the generality of physicians ; and thftt
thode who employ them are frequently amused with taking such
things as have no real effect in working their cure. He was very
dogmatical ; and consequently, as far as he was so, was no more
to be trusted than the worst of those against whom he exclaimed,
there can be but little difference betwixt a dogmatist in physic, and
an ignorant pretender to it In 1704 was published the third
edition of his " Family Physician," &c. To this book, which gave
great offence to the apothecaries, is subjoined a large catalogue of
drugs, and the prices at which they should be sold in the shops.*
I know not the year in which he died ; but he was living, and phy*
sidan to the Tower, in the late king's reign.f
* In 1703, was poblished a book which gave greater offence to the apothecaries
thin any of Dr. Harvey's. It is entitled, " The Crafts and Frauds of Physic ex-
posed, by R* Pitt, M. D. Fellow and Censor of the College of Physicians, and
F. R. S." 8?o.
tTbele was, perhapa, never any thing more remarkable than the fortune of
^ man. ilbout the latter end of King William's reign, there was a great debate
*bo shoold succeed the deoeased physician to the Tower. The contending parties
«eie so equally matched in their interests and pretensions* that it was extremely
difficult to determine which should have the preference, The matter was at length
224 BIOGRAPHICAL HISTORY
GEORGIUS THOMPSONUS, M. D. .©.50.
W. Sherwin ad vivumf. Before his " Altmtias," ^"c.
1670; 8«o.
George Thompson was author of The Pest anatomized,'* written
when the plague was in London.* He was also author of ** Ep-
logismi Chymici/' &c. and of several pieces in vindication of the
chymical practice of physic, against the Galenisls. One of these
was entitled, " Galeno-pale, or a chymical Trial of the Galeinstsf
to which one William JohnSon wrote an answer, which produced a
reply, namely, *^ A Gag for Johnson's Animadversions upon Galeno-
pale, or a Scourge for Galen." He also wrote in vindication of
Lord Bacon's philosophy, against the very learned, and no less
dogmatical Henry Stubbe. One of the most extraordinary of bit
pieces is his '* Letter to Mr. Henry Stubbe, wherein the Galenical.
Method and Medicaments, as likewise Blood-letting in particular,
are offered to be proved ineffectual, or destructive to Mankind, b;
experimental Demonstrations." Stubbe wrote an answer to this,
in an '^ Epistolary Discourse concerning Phlebotomy, in Qpposi-
tibn to George Thompson, Pseudo-Chymist, a pretended disciple
to Lord Verulam.*' Our author Thompson published a treatise,
entitled, " Animatias, or the true Way of preserving the Blood in
its Integrity." His principal aim in this book was to put a stop to
the common practice of bleeding.
ROBERT WITTIE, M.D. a small whole length, in
the title to his translation of Dr. Primrose's " Fopukr
Errors in Physick^' 1651 ; Ato.
Robert Wittie, a native of Yorkshire, where he was educated,
and from thence removed to King's College, Cambridge. He was
incorporated at Oxford, July 13th, 1680, and became fellow of tbc
brought to a compromise ; and Dr. Gideon Harvey was promoted to that office, fii
the same reason that Sixtiis V. was advanced to the pontificate; because beva^
in appearance, sickly and infirm* and'his death was expected in a few months. Hd
however, survived not only his rivals, but all his contemporary physicians; vi
died after he had enjoyed his sinecure above fifty years.
> * The small print of a man with a pestilential body lying before him, prefisf<li''
this book, was most probably intended for (he author's portrait.
OF ENGLAND^ 225
College of Physicians, in London ; and practised physic for several
years with Dr. James Primerose, at Kingston-upon-Hull, in York-
shire, and was esteemed an ingenious and learned man. He wrote
several works relating to the Scarborough Spa, and the Nature and
Use of Water in general. See a list in Wood's '* Athence." He
retired to London, and died in Basinghall-street, 1684.
SAMUELIS COLLINS, med. doctor, JEt. 67.
TT. Faithorne ad vjvum delm. et sc. h. sh. finely en-
graved.
Samuel Collins, who studied at Padua, was incorporated doctor
of physic at Oxford in 1659. Mr. Wood informs us, that he was
known by the name of Dr. Samuel Collins, junior. He was author
of " The present State of Russia,*' 1671 ; 8vo. He afterward
published a book of anatomy, in folio, which is of less value than
die head which is placed before it. Dr. Garth speaks thus of this
author in his Dispensary :
** Where would the long-neglected Collins fly.
If bounteous Cams should refuse to buy V*
The name of Samuel Collins is in the list of the College of Physi-
cians for 1700, at which time he was censor. It occurs again in
thehstfor 1707.
SAMUEL HAWORTH, M. D. R. White sc.
Samuel Haworth was author of ^^ A method of curing Consump-
tions," 1683 ; 12mo. to which is prefixed his head. I think he was
also author of " A Philosophical Discourse on Man, being the
Anatome both of his Soul and Body," 1680; 8vo. He also pub-
lished ." A Description of the Duke (of York's) Bagnio (in Long-
Acre), and of the Mineral Bath and new Spa thereto belonging,"
&e. 1683; 12mo.
Vera Effigies ROBERTI JOHNSON. R. W.
(Robert White) sc. doctor's gown ; arms.
VOL. V. 2 G
226 BIOGEAPHICAL HISTORY
Robert Johnson was author of " A Manual of Physic," 1684 ;
^To. to which is prefixed his head. It is also before his '^ Practice
of Physic reformed/' 1700. I take this to be the same book with s
new title-page.
JOHN ROGERS, M. D. M. 38. Chantry sc. &
small oval.
. John, son of Nehemiah Rogers, of Duddinghurst, in Essex, took
.the degree of doctor of physic at Utrecht. He, in 1664, was ad-
mitted to the same degree in the university of Oxford, being then a
practitioner in his faculty, at Bermondsey, in Surrey. He published
>' Analecta inauguralia, sive Disceptationes medicse : nee non Dia-
tribsB discussoriee de quinque Corporis humani Concoctionibus, po-
tissimumque de Pneumatosi ac Spermatosi/' Lond. 1664; 8yo.
His head is in the title to this book.
Doctor JAMES WOLVERIDGE ; a small portrait,
in a large wig, sitting in a chair. In the same print
are a midwife, and a big-bellied woman. Crofts sc. Qvo.
It is highly probable, that the doctor should be placed with the
empirics. He was author of '^ Speculum Matricis, or the expert
Midwife's Handmaid/' 1671 ; before which is his print.
There is a prints on which I have seen, in manuscript ,
the name of " Doctor WILLIAM ROWLAND," which
appears to me to be the print of Riverius ; but quaere ;
Rowland is mentioned by Wood.
THEOPHILUS DE GARENCIERES (of the Col-
lege of Physicians^ London) ; sitting at a table. On
the print is this distich :
" Gallica quern genuit, retinetque Britannica Tellus,
Calluit Hermetis quicquid in arte fiiit"
W. Dollesc. h. sh. Before his '^ Translation cf Nos-
tradamus^
OF fiNOLAND. 227
Theophilus de Garencieres, doctor of physic, of the university of
Caeo^ in Normandy, was, in 1657, incorporated in the same degree
at Oxford, being at that time domestic physician to the French am-
bassador. Several writers have borne testimony to his character,
as a man of distinguished parts and learning. He was author of
"Angliae Flagellum, sives Tabes Anglica," 1647; 24to. " The
admirable Virtues, &c. of the true and genuine Tincture of Coral,"
1676 ; 8vo. He translated into English " The true Prophecies or
Prognostics of Michael Nostradamus, Physician to Henry II. Fran-
cis II. and Charles IX. kings of France,- '* 1672; folio. Wood
informs us, that he died in a poor and obscure condition, within the
Iflberty of Westminster, of a broken heart, occasioned by the ill
usage of a certain knight ; but neither mentions his name, nor the
time of the author's death.
JOHANNES JOHNSTONUS, ex generosa et pa-
rantiqua Johnstoniorum de Crogbom Familia, &c.
pliilosophiae et medicinae doctor, 1673, ^. 70 ; four
* Nostradamus, nvho by some has been rererenced as a prophet, by others de-
tested as a sorcerer, and by most despised as a trifler, was held in high estimation
by Henry II. of France. He died July 3, 1566. His body is said to haye been
buried half in, and half without the cburch of the Cordeliers, at Salon, on account
of the ambiguity of his character, of which Jodellus, the author of tbe~following
quibbling epigram, had not the least doubt.
" Nostra-damus cum falsa damus, nam fallere nostrum est ;
£t cum verba damus, nil nisi nostra damus."
Iq the curious *' Letters which passed between Abraham Hill, esq.'" &c. p. S04,
205, is the following extract, written by Mr. John Newman, and addressed to that
gentleman.! " From Marseilles, I journeyed to Salon, which is about twenty miles ;
bere I saw the tomb of the famous French prophet, Nostradamus : his works I have
teen ; every line is an independent riddle ; it may be said of them, as of the oracles
of the Sibyls, that they are sown at random in the large field of time, there to take
foot and get credit by the event, as these have done : for example, when the French
took Arras, thb verse was found in Nostradamus :■ * Les Heretiers des Crapauz
prenderont Sara.' By the Heirs of the toads is meant the French (the three toads
being their arms before the flowers de lys) ; Sara yon must read backwards and the
thing is done. Upon our king's death, they found this verse : ' Le Senat de Lon-
dres metteront a Mort le Roy;' and upon Cromwell's success in Flanders this;
' Les (le) Oliver se plantera en Terra firme.' ' Shall get footing on the continent'
»»
t The letter is dated from Paris, Aug. 19, ,1659.
228 BIOGRAPHICAL HISTORY
Latin verses. C Rontstet sc. 8vo. The arms have a
near relation to those of the noble family of Annandale;
but no mention is made of this person in the account of
that house in Douglas's " Peerage of Scotland.''
JoHAN JoHNSTONuSjM.D. natus annoDom. 1603;
four Latin lines. J. C. fecit.
Dr. John Johnston appears to have been a physician settled
abroad. I am strongly of opinion that he was author of the foUovr-
ing book : *' A Description of the Nature of four-footed Beasts,
with their figures engraven in Brass, written in Latin, by Dr. John
Johnston. Translated into English, by J. P." Amsterdam, 1678;
folio. In the copy of this book, in my possession, are subjoined to
the letter-press, which consists of one hundred and nineteen pages,
eighty folio copper-plates. Many of the figures in these prints
have been copied for Dr. HilFs " Natural History." The author,
at the conclusion of his preface, promises the reader a " History of
Serpents and Insects." I am certain that there is a continuation of
this work, but cannot say to what length it was carried.
WILLIELMUS DAVISONUS, nobilis Scotus, Re^
gis Polonise Protomedicus, ^t. 69. D. Scultz p. Lom^
bart sc. 8vo.
EMPIRICS.
GULIELMUS SALMON, medicinse professor, M
23,1667. White sc.
GuLiELMus Salmon, &c. jEt. 26, 1670. Sher-
win sc. Before his '' Polygraphice f 8vo.
GuLiELMus Salmon, &c. Burnford sc. Before his
" Synopsis Medicince.''
OF ENGLAND. 229
iuiL. Salmon. F. Gucht.
juiL. Salmon. V. Hove.
jtuil. Salmon, Mt. 42; with arms; prefbped to his
^^olygraphicey' 1685 ; %vo.
V'illiam Salmon was an early pretender to physic, which he prac-
d, with various success, for a long course of years. He pub-
ed a considerable number of medical books, the chief of which
is " Seplasium," " The compleat Physician, or the Druggist's
p opened ; explicating all the Particulars of which Medicines
Day are composed and made,'* &c. in a thick octavo, consist-
of 1207 pages. His great work is a large Herbal in folio, which
intended as an improvement of that of Gerard ; but is much
rior to it. His " Polygraphice, or the Arts of Drawing, fin-
ing, Etching, Limning, Painting," ^c. not to mention those of
lymy, making the grand elixir, chiromancy, and many others,
sold better than all the rest of his works : the tenth edition of
as printed in 1701 . He had a large library, which was far more
ous than valuable: the same may be said of his compilations,
was a great vender of nostrums, which was, and is still, a much
er trade than that of book-making. Dr. Garth plainly hints at
author in his Dispensary :
" Cowslips and poppies o*er his ejes he spread.
And Salmon's works he laid beneath his head."
the following reign.
^era et Viva Effigies ANTHONII COLLEY, Med.
adinensis, JEtat. suce 41 ; Nat. in Anno 1628.
The following publication is under his name: '^A more full
<:overy of the Use *and Virtue of the Golden Purging Pills.**
idon, 1671.
LIONEL LOCKYER, M. 70. Start sc. Four
nglish vej^ses.
230
BIOGRAPHICAL HISTORY
Lionel Lockter. J. Sturt ; 4to.
Lionel Lockter. R. White; 890.
Lionel Lockyer was famous for his pill, which was in high
in this reign. Its reputation was too great to be of long contmit'
ance. He died the 26th of April, 1 672, m the 72d year (^ his age^
and lies buried in the church of St. Saviour's, Southwark ; wlicfe
handsome monument is erected to his memory, with his effigy at!
length. This is his epitaph, written by some empiric in poetry.
«
Here Lockjer lies mten'd, enoa^ ; his name
Speaks one hath few competiton in fiime;
A name so great, so general, it may scorn
Inscriptions which do yulgar tombs adorn.
A dimvnition 'tis to write in ^ene
His eologies, which iMMt men's months rehearse :
His Tirtaesand his piil» are so well known^
That eskwj can't confine them nnder stone:
Bat they'll surriYe his dost, and not expire
Till all things else, at th' nnivefsal fire.
This Terse b lost ; his pills embalm him safe
To fotare times, without an epitaph.'
M
His pills are now sold by Newbury, bookseller, in St. Paul's Chnict
yard.
JOSEPH BLAGRAVE, of Reading, student in
physic and astrology, aged 72. Before his " Intro-
duction to Astrology/' 1682 ; Svo.
Joseph Blagrave was author of a large Supplement to Culpe-
per's Herbal, to which is added, ^' An Account of all the Drags
that were sold in the Druggists and Apothecaries' Shops, with tiieir
Dangers and Corrections." To this book is subjoined '^ A nev
Tract of Chirurgery ;" 8vo. He was also author of •• TTie Astrolo-
gical Practice of Physic, discovering the true Method of curing all
Kinds of Diseases, &c. by such Herbs and Plants as grow in ov
Nation ;" 8yo. In the ^' Biographia,'' p. 84, is an extract of a curious
manuscript, written by a person of both his names. It is entitled,
'^ A Remonstrance in favour of ancient Learning, against the proud
Pretensions of the Modems, more especially in Respect to the Doc-
OF ENGLAXDu 231
(iMordieSm* biiaddRMdtoMr.E.QrSmDQ«iek|»*n
LANCELOT COELSON (or Colsox), student in
logy and physic ; I2a».
ITkere is anoiher prini qfkim with ike same inscrijh
and about the same sizey bui im otha'' rtspet'is
John Dunstall fecit.
' I.aiicelot ColaoQ wis andior of tlie (bUowing book, to. ** Philo-
9f^a, MatHiata, or the pncddL and operatiTe Part of the Philoao-
ker's Stone, and the Cakination of Metals, with the Work of SL
^instan concerning the Philo6opher*s Stone, and the Expertmenti
Rumelius, and the preparation of Angel. Sala.'' Lond. 1668 ;
Uno.
" JACOBUS COOKE, medicus ac chirurgus peri-
Bsimiis : qui quae indefesso studio, et multorum anno*
im experientia, comperit usui fore ad prsesentem sa-
Itatem tuendam, amissamque recuperandam, non in-
idet humano generi. ^tatis suae 64." R. White sc*
wo.
Jacobus Cooke; different from the former ; JSfi
1. R.W. sc. 8vo. These heads are before the several
iHtions of his " Marrow of Chirurgery.''
, James Cooke, of Warwick, was a general undertaker in phytio
H well as sargery. He, by uniting two professions, canied on a
htj lucratiye trade in that town for a long course of years. He
* Probably Mr. William Backhouse, a very noted aitrologcr and chymlit of that
Wtot, who communicated many secrets to Mr. Ashmole, and caused lilm, according
^ wm ancient costom among Hermetic philosophers, to call bim ftithert The latter
ktfBnns us, *'that on the ISth of May, 1653, bis father Backhouse tuid him, In lyl-
M», the true matter of the philosopher's stone;" he being at that time appff
^'^ of death. See Ashmole's « Diary," p. 29, SO.
232 BIOGRAPHICAL HISTORY
was author of " Melificimn Chirnrgite, or the Mairow
gery." To a latter edition of this book is tutgoined &
Anatomy, and another entitled, " The Harrow of Physic
1
WILLIAM WALWIN, Mt. 80. R. White sc. IS
Before his book mentioned below.
«
It is evident, firom the print, that he was not eighty yeun ^
when it was engraved. It is not unusual to alter the c~
portrait for different editions of an author's works.
William Walwia, who lived at the Star, in the PosteTn.byl
Moorfieldg, published a book in this reign, eulitled, ' ~
Families." This physic the doctor prepared himself, andn
mends it a& answering all intentions of cure, in every kind-Q
temper, bg tea and land .- and that " without tbe trouble, tid
pun, or danger of purges, vomiters, bleeding!^, issues, gUs^
blisters, opium, antimony, and quicksilver, lo full of perplei'
sickness."* He tells us, that he is not without hope of seeiiu
these excluded from practice, to the perpetnal security, ease^
quiet, of all patients whatsoever. He has given us a list of tt~
three of his own niistrums, together with a dettjl of tbar viitj
Among these are his succus vitee, his sang^ti vitse, [ '
vitte, his vis vitae, and his vita vitoe. The latter part of hia fe
contains a recital of his cures, in about fifty instances. We tcre 1
to credit him upon his own testimony, as there is not a single
davit to confirm it. The practice of procvriflg' and printings
seems to be a modem improvement of empiricism.
VALENTINE GREATRAKS. Faithorne f.
ing a manis face; frontispiece to " A brief Act
[Mr. V. Greatraks, and of divers of the strange Cure
him performed ;" written by himself in a letter to R.'si
(Robert Boyle, esq.) 1668; Ato.
Valentine Greatraks. W. Richardson; 4to.
nous fm- curvn^ jeveraL
tie JtroaJc afln>!
OF ENGLAND. 233
Valentine Greatraks. Caulfield; 8vo.
Valentine Greatraks, an Irish gentleman^ had a strong impulse
upon his mind to attempt the cure of diseases, by touching or strok-
ing the parts affected. He first practised in his own family and
n^ghbpurhood ; and several persons were, in all appearance, cured
by him of different disorders. He afterward came into England,
where his reputation soon rose to a prodigious height ; but it de-
clined almost as fast, when the expectations of the multitudes that
resorted to him were not answered. Mr. Glanvill imputed his cures
to a sanative quality inherent in his constitution ; some to friction ;
and others to the force of imagination in his patients.* Of this
^ere were many instances ; one of which, if a fact, is related by
Mons. St. Evremond in a peculiar strain of pleasantry. It is cer-
tain that the great Mr. Boyle believed him to be an extraordinary
person, and that he has attested several of his cures. His manner
of touching some women, was said to be very different from his
Aisual method of operation.f
* * I was myself a witness of the powerfal woriLings of imagination in the populace. In 1751.
-^en the waters of Glastoobarj were • at the height of their reputation. The vvtiies
^ the spring f^cre, were suppoted t9 be supernatural ; and to have been discovered
.by a reveUtion made in a dream, to one Matthew Chancellor. The people did not
only expect to be cured of such, distempers as were in their natjore incurable, bpt
«ven to recover their lost eyes, and their mutilated limbs. llie following story,
'vHcli scarce exceeds what I observed upon the ^pot, i^as told me by a gentleman
of character. "Ah old woman in the workhouse at Yeovil, :who had t long beea a
cripple and made use of crutches, was strongly inclined to drink of the Glastonbury
^ters, which she was assured would cure her of her lameness. The master of the
workhoase procured her several bottles of water, whidb had such an effect, that she
w>on laid asid«; one crutch, and not long after, the other. This was Extolled as a
^BiRoultiis xsue. ;vjBut the n^ protested jlo hia friends, that he had impoAed u{lpn
^» and fetched the waters from an ordinary spring." I need not. inform the
Kader, that when the force of imagination- had spent itself, she relapsed into her
^Dfmer infirmity.
t In the reign of Charles I. an accusation was brought before the court of Star-
>f|MUB^ri and afterward before (he College of Phy4|d^P>.*£ft^»i one JohnJUavereitt,
f gwdien^r, who undertook tp cure, all diseases, but especially the king's eirily "l^J
way of touching, or stroking with the hand." He used to speak with great comtempt
cf the royal touch, ^d grossly imposed npon numbers. of credulous people. He
. asserted) that he w&s the seventh son of a seventh son j and profanely said, that " he
.fimnd virtue to go out of him ;'' so that he was more weakened by touching thirty or
(lorty in.a day, than if be had dug eight roods of^ound. He al^ affirmed^ that
if he touched a woman, he was much more w)sakened than if he had toi^c^d a
man.
TOL. y; 2 h
234 BIOGRAPHICAL HISTORY
SURGEONS.
JOHANNES BROWNE, Norvicensis, chirurgus,
JR. 35, 1677. H. Morland del R.White sc. 8vo.
Johannes Browne, regis roajestati chirurgus ordi-
narius, M. 36, 1678 ; 4to.
Johannes Browne, &c. ^t. 39, 1681. R. White
sc» h. sh.
Johannes Browne, JEt. 64, 1696. R. White sc.
John Browne, who, for his singular merit in his prbfession was
made surgeon to the king, was author of the following books.
1. "A Treatise of preternatural Tumours," 1678; 8vo. 2. '< A
Discourse of Wounds," 1678 ; 4to. 3. " A Treatise of the Mus-
cles,*' in folio, of which there have been several editions. His
portraits are .prefixed to these books. — He was also author of
*' Charisma Basilicon, or the Royal Gift of Healing Strumfes, or
King's Evil," 12mo. 1684 ; to which is prefixed the curious print of
King Cfharles II. touching for the evil, by R. White.
TBOUASmiVGlS, inasmalloval. T.Cross sc.
He is represented abovCy performing an operation on a
man's head : below is a chymical laboratory. The prints
He WHS, by the censors of the college, adjudged an impostor. See Dr. Charlef
•GoodaH*4 " Historical Account of the College's Proceedings against Empirics,"
p. 44T, &C.
Greatraks ' says, in his account of himself and his cures, that he ** met with
several instances which seemed to him to be possession by dumb devils, deaf deviii,
luid taXlting devils^ and that to his apprehension, and others present, several evil
spirits one after the other have been pursued out of a woman, and every one of tbete
have been like to choke her ^when it came up to her throat) before it went forth;
and when the last was gone she was perfeotly well, and so cootinaed.
n
OF ENGLAND. 235
which is anonymous, is prefia^ed to several editions of his
^^Vade Mecuniy or a Companion for a Chirurgeon,'^ the
5th of which was printed in l2mo. 1670.
POETS.
JOANNES MILTONUS, M. 62, 1670. GuL
Fait home ad vivum delin. et sc. Before his *' History
of Britain;' 1670; 4to.
Vertue looked upon this head as the truest representation of Mil-
ton.* The next print, and a great part of the following, especially
those done hy Vertue, are copied from Faithome.
Joannes Miltonus, &c. W. Dolle sc. small 8vo.
Before his ** Paradise Lost.'
»>
Joannes Milton, ^t. 62, 1670. Vertue sc. large
h. sh. One of the set of Poets, reckoned amojig the
capital works of this engraver.
Johannes Miltonus, Mt. 62, 1670. Vertue sc.
Greek inscription ; Ato.
Johannes Miltonus. Vertue sc. Under the head
» Dryden's epigram, " Three poets,'' 8gc. Before his
''Works," in 2 vols. Ato.
Milton ; oval; his name is in capitals at the top.
fertue sc. 8vo.
I * Mrs. Foster, his granddaughter, who kept a chandler's shop in Pelham-street,
^ I ^fiitaifields, told Dr. Ward, late professor of rhetoric at Gresham- College, " that
that were three pictures of her grandfather ; the first painted while he was a school-
ky, tben in the possession of Charles Stanhope, esq. ; the second, when he was
aboat twenty-five or twenty-six years of age; and the third, when he was pretty well
•dfmoed in years."
236^ BIOGRAPHICAL HISTORY
Milton ; betwixt Homer and VirgU. Veriue tc. 8«.
«
Milton- Vertue sc. small l2mo.
Milton ; in a small round, encompassed with a scT'
pent. Vertue sc.
Milton ; " Cui mens divinior,^' ^c. Vertue sc.
John Milton ; in the same plate with Chaucer^ ^»
Vertue sc. 8w.
Johannes Milton j ex Museo J. Richardson.
Ve^'tue sc. 1751 ; ornaments; large Ato.
John Milton. Richardson del. Vertue sc. a bust;\
h. sh.
ti
John Milton. R. White sc. epig. ^^ Three podSi
Sfc. Another with the same epigram; before the ninA
edition of his ^^ Paradise Lost,'' without the engraver's
name.
Giovanni Milton. Jn^. Vandergucht sc. h. sk
John Milton ; a square print, with a label uniff
the head. G. Vandergucht sc. neat.
Milton. J.R. (Jonathan Richardson )seff.f
an excellent portrait in cray(ms in his collection. J^^ij,
tispiece to * * Explanatory Notes and Remarks on Mn j
ton's Paradise Lost, by J. Richardson, father and son;
Svo. 1734.
John Milton ; an anonymous etching, in the rhaitu/^ ,
of Richardson ; h.sh.
OF ENGLAND^ 2S7
Jqhn. Milton. J. Cipriani f. From a portrait in
^rmfonsy now in the possession of Mess. Tonson^ book^
tellers;* h.sh.
John Milton; a profile. J. Richardson/. 1738^;
Milton ; a bust. J. Richardson f. three Latin
verses.
.This was done fxom a bust which belonged to the painter that
etched the print. The bust is said to have been done from a mould
taken from his face, and is indeed very like him.f
Milton ; 8vo. M. Bovi.
Milton ; 4to. P. v. Plus; G. Quinton; 1797.
Milton ; a bold etchings nearly front face ; Pondor
Michardson; small folio; scarce.
Milton. S. Cooper; Caroline Watson. From the
original in the collection of the late Sir Joshua Reynolds;
a beautifully executed prints but certainly no portrait of
Milton. It iSy I thinky the portrait of Selden.
Milton. Bartolozzi sc. In " Lives of the Poets'^
Jonnf Milton. J. Cipriani f From a bust in
plaister, modelled from the life ; now in the possession of
Thomas Hollisy F. R. and A.S.S.
* I hsTe heard that the original receipt for 152. paid to Milton for the copj of
Bis *' Paradise Lost," was preserved by the Tonson family, and that it is still in
ifdng.
t TbCi piisti of MIHoB by Richardsdfl tee iidt oottmon.
238 BIOGRAPHICAL HISTORY
Milton victorious over Salmasius. The head of the
former is on a term ; on the front of which is a small oval
head of the latter suspended on a palm-branch ; just above
which is a book, inscribed, " DEF. PRO POP. AN-
GLIC." various ornaments ; h. sh. This is the fifth of
the elegant prints of Milton drawn and etched by Cipri-
aniy at the ea^pense of the late Thomas Mollis , esq.
Johannes Miltonus. M. Rysbrachius marm, sc.
pro GuL BensonOy arm. G. Vandergucht sc. 1741 ; 4to.
Johannes Miltonus. Green, jun^ . del. Wood sc.
A small head in the title-page of Dobsons Latin trans-
lation of the " Paradise Lost J'
Engraved from a medallion, which was done after the head on
his monument by Rysbrack. The monument was erected, the me-
dallion struck, and the translation procured, at the expense of Wil-
liam Benson, esq. auditor of the imprests. Mr. Dobson had 1000/.
for the work.
Milton ; a head only ; a small etching, inscribed
F. P. (Francis Perry.)
Johannes Milton. Faber f 4to, mezz. Before
Peck's '' Memoirs of Milton;' 1740.
The print is much like the portrait from which it was taken ; but
it is evidently not genuine. It is in the possession of Mr. Peck's
widow.
This sublime genius, under the disadvantages of " poverty, blind-
ness, disgrace, and old age," was alone equal to a subject which
carried him beyond the bounds of the creation. His ^* Paradise
Lost" was overlooked in the reign of Charles II. an age as destitute
of the noble ideas of taste, as it was of those of virtue. Some of
the small poets who lived in the sunshine of the court, and now. and
OF ENGLAND. 239
4!hen produced a madrigal or a song, were much more regarded than
Milton .•
«t
The nightingale, if he should sing by day
When eveiy goose is cackling^ would be thought
No better a musician than the wren/'t — Shaksfxarb.
Ob. Nov. 1674.
See the two preceding reigns ; and the division of the Histo-
rians in the present.
JOHN DRYDEN, 1683, M. 52. John Riley p.
P. a Gunst sc. long and large wig.
It was from his wearing such a wig as this, that Swift compared
him to a lady in a lobster.^ The print is before the first volume of
bis " Virgil," in 8vo.
John Dryden. G. Kneller p. Coignard sc. 1702;
large foL
John Dryden. G. Kneller; N.Edelinck; la./oL
John Dryden. G. Kneller; J. Faber ; mezz. 4to.
* It should be observed, that the prejudice against his poetry was, in a great
measure, owing to his bigoted attachment to his parly. " There is a near relation,"
nys an eminent author, " between poetry and enthusiasm : somebody said well,
that a poet is an enthusiast in jest ; and an enthusiast a poet in good earnest. It
is remarkable, that poetry made Milton an enthusiast, and enthusiasm made Norria
ipoet."$
t Lauder has endeavoured to prove Milton a plagiary, not only by the grossest
iiraad and falsehood, but also by sucb rules as will prove every poet to be of thieU
character, who wrote after Homer; and every historian, from the age ..of Herpdoti|8«
to the present time. To tlunk the same thoughts, to use the same words, and even
to range them in the same, or a similar order, b not always plagiarism, but the
natural and the necessary result of ideal combination. Somebody, I forget whom,
eiciaims Ihns ; ^' Pereant, qui ante nos nostra dixeruht !"
X See " the Battle of the Books "
$ Dx. l/VarbuTton's note, to line Ml, part L oanto i. of Grey's '* Hud
*«
i*
240 BIOGRAPHICAL HI3T0RT
John Dryden. J. Closterman; W. Fmtharm^jm
rnezz. Ato.
John Dryden; «» a long wig. J.Clostemm;
W. Faithorne^jun.
John Dryden^ M. 62, 1693. Kneller; 7. GucUl
Svo.
John Dryden. Houbraken fecit. In BircKi
" Lives.''
John Dryden, with Wycherley^ Prior, and Popt.
Kytep. mezz.
John Dryden, M. 67, 1698. Kneller; DeLem..
Svo.
John Dryden ; in " Lives of the Poetsf J. Shet-y^
win; Svo.
John Dryden, with Garth, Vanbrugh, and Steck.
J. Simon sc. mezz.
John Dryden. G. Vertue. In the set of Poets;
half sheet.
John Dryden. G. Vertue; \2mo.
John Dryden. Kneller; G.White; mezz.
Dryden was the father of true English poetry^ and the most wu-
versal of all poets. This universality has been object^ to him tf t
fault; but it was the unhappy effect of penury and dependance.
He was not at liberty to pursue his own inclination; but was fre-
quently obliged to prostitute his pen to such persons and things tf
a man of his talents must have despised. . He was the great Iid-
prover of our language and versification. The chains of oar Eng-
lish bards were formerly heard to rattle only ; in the age of Waller
and Dryden, they became harmonious. He has failed in most of
•(
. OF. ENGLAND. 241
us dramatic wiitaigi,* of wMch the prologues, epilogues, and pre-
WceSy are g^enerall j more Taluable than the pieces to which they are
iflBxed. But eyen in this branch of poetry, he has written enough
to perpetuate Ins fome; as his '^ All for Love/' his *' Spanish
friar,** and ** Don S^MstBan," can never be forgotten. There was
ft native fire in this great poet, which poverty could not damp, nor
M. age exting^uish. On the contrary, he was still improving as a
^writer, while he was declining as a man ; and was far advanced in
'jears when he wrote his '^ Alexander s Feast,** v^hich is confessedly
ait the head of modem lyrics, and in the true spirit of the ancients.
^Ireat injury has been done him, in taking an estimate of his cha-
lacter from the meanest of his productions. It would be just as
HDcandid, to detemune the merit of Kneller, from the vilest of his
pamtmgs.
SAMUEL BUTLER ; after his portrait by Lely, in
the Picture Gallery at Oxford; h. sh. mezz. Another
in 4to. after the same original; mezz. The former was
probably done by Van Somer.
Samuel Butler; from a picture painted by Lely^
for the lord-chancellor Clarendon; Lens del. 1749.
^ixon sc. neat. Before a small edition of " Hudibras^^
from the original^ which was in the possession of Charles
Zjmgueville, esq.
Samuel Butler. Soestp. Vertue sc. small Ato.
Another y after the same painter , mezz.
Samuel Butler; oval; in the frontispiece to Ho-
garth's set of prints to " Hudibras.''
His portrait by Soest, or Zoust, is in the possession of Charles
Jennens, esq. in Ormond-street.f
* It should be remembered that he deserves a mnch severer oensare for the im«
morality in his plays, than for any defocts in their coropotitioo.
t This gentleman's collection of pictures is worth the noliee of the cnriouf •
VOL. V. 2 I
242 BIOGRAPHICAL HISTORY
Samuelis Butler. Veriue sc. large h. sh. Onet^ ^
the set of Poets.
Samuel Butler j e museo R. Mead^ 'Mf D. Vertuf =
]sc. 1744; large 8vo.
Samuel Butler ; in an oval. W. Hogarth; X
Tkane; 8i?o.
Samuel Butler. Cook sc. 1778 ; in Beit's ^^Poets,*
l2mo.
.1
Samuel Butler. Sir P. Lely; Ridley sc. InGrey^
" Hudibras/' 8vo. 1801. 1
I
Samuel Butler ; two small prints by Vertue; one
looking to the right y and the other to the left.
Samuel Butler; small; in the same plate with
Chaucer, 8fc. Vertue sc. %vo.
Samuel Butler ; before the curious translation of
his " Hudibras,'' in French verse,* printed with tk
original, Lond. 1757, 3 tomes, l2mo. with notes and
cuts.1[
A mezzoiinto print of Lord Grey has been altered to
Butler.
There is an undoubted original picture of Butier, in the ppsses-
sion of Thomas Hayter, esq. of Salisbury. This i» the portrait that
formerly belonged to Mr. Lon^ueville*
* I am very credibly informed that this translation was done by Mr. Townleji i
gentleman of fortune in Lancashire, who has been allowed by the Fr*neh to onder*
stand their. li^i^age w well a^ the natives themselves.
t The cuts are for tl^p ippst part copied from Hogarth. The ^pMt to Sidiopbel
is omitted, aj bA.v^i^ xio\ctfifiu^qp wMh t|i^ r^ ol tkfi po^in.
or ENGLAND. 245:
Buder stands without a rival in burlesque poetry. His *^ Hudi-
>ras'' iSy in its kind, almost as great an effort of genius as the
* Paradise Lost" itself. It abounds with uncommon learning, new
rhymes, and original thoughts. Its images are truly and naturally
rkuculous: we are never shocked with excessive distortion or
grimace ; nor is human nature degraded to that of monkeys and
yahoos. There are in it many strokes of temporary satire, and
MiBe characters and allusicms which cannot be discovered at this
distance of time. The character of Hudibras is, with good reason,
believed to have been intended for Sir Samuel Luke ;* and that of
"Whachum, but with much less probability, for Captain Gebrge
"Wharton. t Ob. Sept. 1680.^
ABRAHAMUS COULEIUS. W. Faithorne f. a
bust. Before his Latin Poems, 1668; 8vo.
Abraham Cowley. W. Faithorne sc. Before his
Works, fol. 1673. The head was first prefixed to this
<s£tion.
There are two plates ; the one withotU the date, 1687,
w the first, and in its original state was a fine portrait.
* X>^ Grey infonns as, that Sir Samuel Rosewell, of Ford Abbey., in Deyonshire,
vu by some tbooght to be the hero of Butler. We are told by the flame author,
fitat Sir Paul Neat, who constantly affirmed that Butler was not the antler dl
^ fiEbdibMs," baft, by some, been taken for the person characterized! undet the
BMe oif Sidrophei v^ but others, with much greater pwbabitity, believe that tb^
peftoB meant was Lilly the astrologer. The former " was the gentleman, who, I am
toldi" says Dr. Grey,. " made a great discovery of an €lep}ian% in, (h« fMon^ which
QlH>n examination, proved to be no other than a monse which had mistaken its
f»»y, and got mto his telescope." See Grey's " Hud.** ii. 388, &c. 105, 1st edit
- t Afterward Sr Oeorge Wbftfton. See *' Biographiak" Artie. 8»sRBpK«£t
% Thoagh it is said in his life, prefixed to some editioos of bis " Hudibras," that
be was neglected by Charles the Second, yet the very learned and ingenious com-
ixrantcator of this Tiote,$. was many years ago informed by a gentleman of nnqu^*;
Cbmtble reracity, that Mr. Lowndes, then belonging to the treaiaiy, and, in th«
^ti^ii of Xing William and Queen Anne, secnetary, of it, had deciaced. In hU
bearing, that by order of Charles, he had paid to Butler, a yearly pension of 1001.
^Ibetoe of his decease.
.iDr. Zi^haiy Fearce^ late bishop of Rochcgiter.
244 BIOGRAPHICAL HISTORY
Abraham Cowley. Godfrey sc. In the ^^ Antiqua-
rian Repertory,'' 4to.
Abraham Cowley. Hall sc. In Dr. Johnson's
" Poets.''
Abrahamus Couleius. Verttce sc. large h. sh.
One of the set of Poets.
Abraham Cowley. Vertue sc. Svo.
Abraham Cowley. Vertue sc. l2mo.
Abraham Cowley; small; in the same plate with
Chaucer, S^c. 8vo.
Abraham Cowley, &c. S. de Leeuwf
There is an excellent head of him, by Zinck, after Lely, in the
collection of miniatures at Strawberry-hill.
27iis has lately been well engraved, and prefixed to
his select works, published by Dr. Hurd.
Cowley, who helped to corrupt the taste of the age in which he
lived, and had himself been corrupted by it, was a remarkable in-
stance of true genius, seduced and perverted by false wit. But
this wit, false as it was, raised his reputation to a much higher
pitch than that of Milton. There is a want of elegance in his
words, and of harmony in his versification ; but this was more than
atoned for, by his greatest fault, the redundancy of his fancy.* His
Latin poems, which are esteemed the best of his works, are written
in the various measures of the ancients, and have much of their
tmaffected beauty. He was more successful in imitating the ease
and gaiety of Anacreon, than the bold and lofty flights of Pindar.
He had many humble imitators in his Pindarics, whose verses
differ as widely from his own, as the first and the last notes of a
* Drj^den and Cowley have been ranked in the first class of the prose writers of
their age. This reminds me of an observation of Bishop Atterbary : That be never
knew a man excel in prose, who jiad not at least a taste for poetry.
OF ENGLAND. 245
oultiplied echo.f His '' Burning-Glasses of Ice/' and other meta-
>bors, which are not only beyond, but contrary to, nature^ were
j^enerally admired in the reign of Charles II. The standard of true
taste was not then established. It was at length discovered, after a
revolution of many ages, that the justest rules and examples of
good writing are to be found in the works of ancient authors ; and
that there is neither dignity nor elegance of thought or expression,
without simplicity. Ob. 28 July, 1667, M. 49. t
EDMUNDUS WALLERUS, M. 76. Lelj/ p.
P. Vandrebanc sc. Svo. Before his Works. This has
been copied.
Edmund Waller, JEt. 76. Vertue sc. \2mo.
Edmund Waller. Kneller p. 1684. Vertue sc.
1727 ; large h. sh. One of the set of Poets,
Edmund Waller. Kneller p. Vertue sc. large Ato.
Before the fine edition of his Works.
Edmund Waller; small; in the same plate with
Chaucer J 8^c. Vertue sc. 8vo.
Ei?MUND Waller ; a small oval; in a head-piece,
to the quarto edition of his Works. G. Vandergucht sc.
Edmund Waller. Caldwall sc. In Johnson^s
'* Poets;' 8vo.
See an account of him in the reign of Charles L
* I bave fomewheie seen the Pindarics of these aatfaors compared to a giant and
^ dwarf dancing together ; and indeed, not unaptly ; tbe long verses appear heavy,
^Hd the short appear lame.
f It has been observed, to the honour of Cowley, that the Royal Society ** had its
k^^nning*' from his notion of a philosophical college.) It should be remembered
^ lus hooonr, that no great poet, scarce any great man, ever had fewer enemies. His
liaxim was, " never to reprehend any body but by the silent reproof of a better
^nurtke."
I Dr. Campbeirs *' Hcrmippus Redivivus/' p. 69, edjt f.
246 BIOGRAPHICAL HISTORY
SIR JOHN DENHAM. In Grammmi^ " 3f4j.
moirsr Le Goux sc. Ato.
Sir John Denham. Collyer sc. %vo.
Sir John Denham, the only son of Sir John Denham, of Littlfe
Horsley, in Essex, was born in Dublin, in the year 1615, where
his father was chief baron of the Exchequer, and one of the lords
justices of Ireland. He was early sent to Oxford for education,
hvit was more addicted to cards and dice than to study. He srfter-
ward removed to Lincoln's Inn, where he studied the oommon law
with sufficient appearance of application ; yet did not lose his
propensity for gambling ; and in consequence was veiy often
plundered by sharpers. After his father's decease he lost several
thousand pounds. He was made governor of Famham Castle for
.the king, which be soon resigned, and returned to Oxford, where,
in 1643, he published " Cooper's Hill." He was employed by
the royal family, and in 1648 conveyed James, duke of York, into
Ffance. At the restoration, he was made surveyor of the kiaig's
l)uildings, and dignified with the order of the Bath. Oh, 1668.
SIR WILLIAM DAVENANT, knt, GreenhiU p.
Fait home sc. Before his Works, 167S;Jol.
' Stti William Da VENANT, nat. 1606 ; 4fo.
/ Stt" William Dayenant, poet-Iaureat in the reigns of Charles I.
and IL was a man of great natural and improved talents, which be
unfortunately misapplied. He distinguished himself by a bold,
but unsuccessful attempt to enlarge the sphere of poetry. He
composed an heroic poem, called ** Gondibert," in five books, after i
the model of the drama ; applauded himself greatly upon this in«
vention ; and looked upon the followers of Homer as a timocomii
servile herd, that were afraid to leave the beaten track. This per-
Ibrmance, which is rather a string of epigrams than an epic poem^
was not without its admirers, among whom were Waller and Cow-
ley. But the success did not answer his expectation. When the
novelty of it was over, it presently sunk into contempt ; and he A
length found, that ¥rhen he strayed from Homer be deviated from
OF ENGLAND. 247
/ Wtate. Ob. 7 April, 1668, Xt. 63. See the leiga of Ciiables I.
I Ud the ISTEBREGN
THOMAS OTWAY. Lely p. Browne; fi.sk. viezz.
Thomas Otwav. M. Beak p. Houbrakensc. 1741.
In the possession of Gilbert West, esq. Ulust. Head.
Thomas Otway. L.du Guerniersc. 12nu). Before
his Works, 1712.
Thomas Otwa y . Ha/l sc. In Johnson's " Lives of
the Poets."
No poet has touched the passions with a more masterly hand
ttiM Otway. He was acquainted witli all the avenues to the
hunan heart, and knew and felt all its emotions. He could rouse
Ii ioto rage, and melt ua into pity and tenderness. His language
I that of nature, and consequently the simplest imaginable. He
ias equally avoided the rant of Lee, and the pomp of Drydep.'
Hence it was 'that his tragedies were received, not with loud ap-
plause,* but with tears of approbation. f He died in extreme po-
verty, April 14, 1685.
I * Tbe dutioction of JcvuJ applause aad Uars of aj^robation, vts veli hit in aa ex-
i^ellent epigram oa Gariick and Barrj- acting the pari of Leai, (he saioe tCBHiii in
t Opraj has chiefly canGued liiioself to Ihoae miierics of domealic life which
tScct the gcneialily of mankind, mure than the fate uf kings and heroes. Arlslotle
indeed tella us. (hn( tragedy thould haie what be calia the MtytiB:, or greoMm i/f
% 'irrii <v> Tpa/iilfii fii/tK-it flrpiJiB; mnaiaias tal nliU(, ^iyiStc ix"^' — Hi^
■vninr, cap. iv.
i TTiia tiagedj was ncvft printed.
248. BIOGRAPHICAL HISTORY
WILLIAM WYCHERLY, M. 28. Lelyp. Smith/.
1703; h. sh.
William Wycherly, JSf. 28. Lelyp. M. Vanr
dergtccht sc. Before his PlaySy \2mo.
William Wycherly; in the same plate with
Shakspeare, 8gc. Vertue sc. Before Jacob's " Lives of
the Dramatic Poets ;" 8vo.
William Wycherly ; small. G. Vandergucht sc.
a head-piece ; in Lord Lansdown's Poems.
The Earl of Hallifax had a portrait of him by Murray.
The comedies of Wycherly are conformable to his personal cha-
racter, which consisted of little virtue, much wit, and more liber-
tinism. These were, in the reign of Charles II. the first qualifica-
tions of a fine gentleman, and the strongest recommendation to thc|
favour of the court. The example of the wit and libertine on th^
throne was more or less copied by all the beaus and rakes in tba^^
kingdom. His ** Plain Dealer," and his ** Country Wife," arej
esteemed the best of his productions. The character of the Widow: j
Blackacre, in the former, is truly original, and the masterpiece ofj
this author.* If he had composed nothing but his poems, he would J
have been one of the most neglected writers in the English Ian- -
guage. Mr. Pope very generously undertook to correct them; but
his vanity was too great to submit to such castigations as were ne-' ^
cessary to do honour to his reputation. Ob, Dec. 1715. '
THOMAS KILLEGREW, groom of the bed-chamber to Charles
n. was more admired for his ready wit than his writings. He was
author of eleven plays, printed in one volume fol. 1664, with his.
portrait, by Faithorne, prefixed. Of these, " The Parson's Wed-i
* It has been supposed, with good reason, that the character of Manly, in tho^
** Plain Dealer," was intended for his own. If so, we may reasonably conclude, that
Mr. Wycherly. was much addicted to cursing and swearing ; as Manly d — ^ns both
his friends and foes. Be that as it will, this remark may serve as a ft^tnre of th«
age of Charles IL
OF ENGLAND. 249
f* met with the most general a(^[Nrobation. It is Temarkable»
no women appeared upon the stage before the restoration, and
this comedy was acted by women only/ See Class VIII. see
the Intenegnom, Class V.
SIR ASTON COCKAIN ; a laurelled bust, under
\ch are these lines, which Seem to have been written by
tmcis Kirkman, the bookseller, as^the sBle of his works,
okich it was the frontispiece,'\ was the Jirst thought
t occurred to the writer. It is certain that the print
r engraved at his expense.
^^ Come, reader, draw thy parse, and be a gaest
To our Parnassus ; ^ the Muses' feast.
The entertainment needs must be divine ;
Apollcfs th' host, where Cockahi's head's the s^."
•. Wood, speaking of this head, justly observes that it
10 genteel face. What was genteel in it seems to have
1 lost under the hand of an engraver, who could
Dr. Percy, io his " Reliqoes of ancient Poelry/'| informs as, that (in the reign
barles L) parts in plays were performed by " no English actress on the public
f, becanse Piynne speaks of it as an unosoal enomuty, that they had French
en acton in a play, not long since personated in Blackfriars plajhoose."
rate observed, with surprise, that women acted upon the stage at Venice.}
etti remarked, in the year 1760, that, in Clarendon's days, men*s characters were
1 by women in Spain.] Bat, in Sir Bachard Wyime's aeecunt of the journey of
ice Charleys servants into that country, in the year 1623, mention is made of a
sdy acted before the king and queen, at which the English were present The
edians consisted of men and women. " The men," says the author, ** are in-
tent actors ; but the women are very good, and become themselves far better
, any that I ever saw act those parts, and £u handsomer than any women I
"If
it is before the second edition of his works, or rather the first with a new title^
the additional tragedy of Ovid^ 1669, 8vo.
Vol. I. p. 140, 2d edit, notes.
" Crudities," p. 247.
« Travels," vol. iii. p. 23.
See this piece, subjoined to « Vita Ric. II." published by B
VOL. V. 2 K
262 BIOGRAPHICAL HISTORY
ANDREW MARVELL, esq. octagon. Before *i?
Poems, i^-c. 1681 ;/o/.
Andrew Marvell, esq. l2mo. copied frm tk
above.
Andrew Marvell was aa adiuicabk master of ridicule, nhidi lit
exerted wilh great freedom in the cauee of liberty and virtue. Be
never respected vice for being dig;nified, and dared in atta^ it
wherever he found it, though on the throne itself.* There nera
was a more honest satirist. His pen was always properly direcld,
and had some effect upon such as were under'no check or teslrainl
from any laws human ot divine. He haled conuption more tbsu
he dreaded poverty ; and was so far from being venal, that he could
not be bribed by the king into silence, when be scarce knew I
procure a dinner. His satires give us a higher idea of bis p*'
triotism, parti), and learning, than of his skill as a poet. His poem
entitled, " Flecno, the English priest at Rome," is remarkable foi
a humorous character of that poetaster. The name of iVlac-Flecoo
was afterward applied by Diyden to Shadwell. He died the I61I1
of August, 1678, His death was generally believed to have beei
occasioned by poison.
CHARLES COTTON, esq. Lelj/ p.
From an original painting, in the possession of Brooki
Boothby, of Ashburne-hall, esq. Before his "Lift"
prefixed to an elegant and curious edition of his " Co«ir
plete Angler" published together with Isaac Waltoii'i,
by Sir John Hawkins, 1670 ; Sro.
Charles Cotton, esq. in an oval. W. Richard
■ In some ot Ibc Slate Poems, Cbarles II. is ridiculed onder iliu ni>
Old Ronley, nbich vas an ill-favoaied stnlliOn kept in the Meuip,
remariBblc for getting fine colls.— Mrs. Holford. a joung lady niucli a
Chulei, was aittliig in lier apartment, and singing a nalirical ballad iij
Bowlej tlie King," wlien lie kuocked at her door. Upon bet asking
tlicrc^ he, wilb bis usual good buDiDOi, replied, " Old Bowlcy himscir, n
I
254 BIOGRAPHICAL HISTORY
" A acwiBQaolHCf wi^ftoa doit pwmp
To mt^ tramhtiom, and tnnshtofstoo
They b«t prewrrc the ailmv Hum the
True to bis sense, bot tncr to his bmtJ
His Terekm of tbe *^ Lnsiad'* is not so spirited a performance as
that of the " Pastor Fido/' See Class V.
A. BROME, 1661; motto, ''Carmna demnt^ A.
Hertochsf. Before his Songs and Poems, 1661 ; 8vo.
A. Brome. Logganf. two prints; one with a band,
the other with a neckcloth ; Qvo.
There is another, withotit the name of the engraver,
prefixed to the second edition of his Poems, 8m. 1664.
Alexander Brome, an attorney, in the lord mayor's court, was
aathor of songs^ madrigab, epigrams, and other little pieces of
poetry. His songs were mnch song by the cavaliers, and played
by every fiddler. The loyalty and the tone appear to have been
the chief recommendation of these compositions. His most con-
siderable performance is a tranalatioB of Horace. He died in Jane,
1666, to the great regret of all his firiends, who lost a rerj agree-
able companion.
THOMAS HOBBES ; a small head; in the en-
graved title to his translation of the Works of Homer,
1677; 12mo.
and pencmifiaition. In canto t. stnnaa ST, &c. &c. he has personiKd a dangerooi
promontory, which is described as a colossal figure of a num of a moat tremendoos
appearance. It b soppoaed to address itself, in a Toice like tfmnder, to tiie adren-
tureis, and to foretell the <iisasters that were to bcfidl any fotue fleet which sbonld
sail that way. Thb has been much admired. Bfr. Diyden veiy jnstly censores
him ficHT introdiidng Bacchus' and Christ into the same adrentaie in his £sble. (Pie-
fiice to the '* State of Innocence.*^ This cekhrated poet, who is the boast and
disgrace of his country, wm long bsnidkd fronft it, and &d miaenbly in a
Inepilal.
OF ENGLAND. 255
This celebrated person was author of a poem> " De Mirabilibus
cci," on the Wonders of the Peak, which is the best of his poetical
rformances. He has given us a translation of Homer, which
Qitains no more of the spirit of that great poet» thtm the old^
pidy Latin translation commonly afiSxed to his works* See more
him lower down in this Class.
JACOBUS ALBANUS GHIBBESIUS, &c. Before
^ Latin Poems, printed at Home^ 1668 ; 8vo. Under
e head is the following distich :
" Tot pro Ghibbesio certabunt regna, quot urbes
Civem Mseoniden asseruere suiim."
James Alban Ghibbes, or Gibbes, was son of William Gibbes,
lysician to Queen Henrietta Maria, and Mrs. Mary Stoner, of the
icient family of that name in Oxfordshire.* He was bem in
ranee, where he received the greatest part of his education. He
terward studied physic at Padua. In 1644 he settled at Rome,
here he was made physician to the Bishop of Frescati ; lecturer
'rhetoric, in the Sapienza; and canon of St. Celsus. In 1667,
le Emperor Leopold created him his poet-laureat, and at the
Line time sent him a gold chain and medal, which he sooti after
'esented to the university of Oxford, together with his poems.
e was, in return, created doctor of physic by diploma^. I}e died 1670.
I 1677, and was buried in the Pantheon. He wrote and pub-
shed an epithalamium upon the Duke of York and Dutchess of
ispruck, though the marriage was never concluded : it consisted
f some thousands of verses, together with an ample comment.
[r. Warton ranks him with Camillo Querno, the arch -poet. See
Wharton's " Life of Dr. Bathurst.*'t See also Wood's « Athenee,'
:c.
t»
* The estate belonging to this family, formerly extended from, Watlington, in
xfordshire, almost as far as bea^g, in Berkshire.
t This ingenious poet vrrote a piece of solemn irony in praise of Gibbes, of ivrhich
iball transcribe a specimen from the book last qaoted. *' Carmen in honor* viri
leberrimi, et prineipis poetarum, domini doctoru Gitibesii ; cum diploma a Caesarea
Restate nbi ex mento concessom, SBtemitati in'masarum templo Oxonii con-
crasset.
256 BIOGRAPHICAL HISTORV
THOMAS FLATMAN. HayU p. R. White sc.
Before his " Soiigs and Poems" 1682 ; 8w.
ThomHB Flatman was one of the unsuccessful imitators of Pindu,
or rather of Cowley, in a species of poetry which pleased mote fwm
its novelty, than its excellence, ' in that celebrated writer. He
composed Pindaric odes on the death of the Duke of Albemaile,
the Earl of Ossory, Prince Rupert, and Charles II. The Duke of
Onnond was so pleased with that on dte death of the Eari of
Ossory, his son, that he seat'ttie aotbor a ring, with a diamosd
in it, worth 100/. It i* no wondn tiM the heart of a Ma,
softened by the deatli of such a son, felt something in reading tlu
composition which au indifferent person cannot even imag^ ; aid
mistook the natural working of his own breast, for the art of the
poet. Flatman really excelled as an artist : a man must want can
' for harmony, that can admire his poetry, and even want eyes thai
can cease to admire his painting. It does our author some honoar,
that Mr. Pope has very closely copied several of his verses, in bis
ode of " The dying Christian to his Soul."* See the Claw o(
Artists.
JOHANNES OGILVIUS. Leli, p. LoinbaTl sc.
large h. sh. ■ .■' : -...• .■ . ■ '
Johannes Ogilvius. Lely p. Faithome sc. Be-
fore his translation of" Virgil;" folio. "
•• Oionium, gratare (ibi, nunc Isia theslri
Limina, Sheldomasque arces Gibbesius intrnt:
Ceme ut ApalliDea rcdlmilut tempoia tamo
Efiiadit Jubar, et Fhicbi patris ^mulus udet ;
Cerne rculdentea vultua, vatemque Brituinam
Cmsareo ratilaiileuD auio i non digniof unquani
In PloteoSj Bodt£ie, tuos acceascrat bospea.
Pande fores, nee enim tuid tibi barbara gaa,
Tlmauriqae ATobum fueiiat, non Lydiui aniab,
Auriferi non nada Tugi," He.
• See Ihe " AdTenlurer," No. 63.
TMOMAS FX-ATMA^.
■irkidat liuAaJi'rctl,0af/lgS4J^^^iuA^i!'t./M^Stri-iJ.'«vCrT Sq/t^rc.
li
li
■.\\
<■¥
•1
■'
! I
i.1i
'I
OF ENGLAND. 257
JOHN OGILBY; frontispiece to his '' Virgii;'
1649; 8w. W. Marshall.
. John Ogilby; prefixed to ** Fables of JEsop,'' %vo.
(Gaywood.)
Though Ogilby was one of the worst poets of his time, he was
without a rival in point of industry. This virtue alone, if he had
W no other merit, would entitle him to some respect. He began
to study at an age when men usually think of leaving off all literary
pursuits; and quickly made an astonishing progress. He could
scarce construe Virgil, when he entered upon a translation of that
poet ; and he was no less eager to translate Homer, thobgh he was
iar from being a competent master of English or Greek.* That he
had no Recess in these great attempts is not to be admired ; the
attempts themselves are matter of admiration. I shall pass over his
^ Esop's Fables,*' and several other folios which he published, to
mention his '^ Carolies^'^t an heroic poem in twelve books, in honour
of Charles I. on which he had been long labouring. This, which he
tells us, he had '* resolved to be the pride, divertisement, business,,
and sole comfort of his age,"t was burnt in the fire of London.
His fortune was reduced, by that conflagration, to 5/. only; but he,
in a few years retrieved his loss, by undertaking and finishing se-
veral voluminous works. His last and greatest undertaking was
bis *\ Atlas," which w^s alone a sufficient task for a man's life.
Three or four volumes, in folio, have been published of this work,
irhich he did not live to finish. It is well known that he was em-
ployed by Charles H. to take a survey of the roads of the kingdom ;
and I have been informed, that the posts were regulated according
to that survey. Oh. 4 Sept. 1676.
• Mr. Pope, when a child, read Ogilby*8 " Homer" with a pleasure that left the
moat lasting impression upon his mind. He could, even at that tender age, discern
much of the majesty of the Grecian poet, through the thick clouds with which he
was involved. What is truly great, or sublime, in painting or poetrj, cannot easily
be annihilated by a copy or a translation. If a common sign painter, were to copy
Raphael's celebrated picture of St Michael the archangel, there is no quesUon but
be would make a devil of him ; but we should still see some imperfect traces of the
angelic character.
t Wood, by mistake, calls it Carolics.
X Frehce to his " Africa :** where there is an entertaining account of his works by
himsielL He exults upon hb having published so many royal folios with beautiful cuts*
vol*. V. 2 L
258 BIOGRAPHICAL HISTORY
^ MATTHEW STEVENSON.
" The printer's profit, not my pride.
Hath this idea signify'd ;
Foi he pushed oiit the merie pay.
And Hr. Oaywood made it gay."
R, Gc^fwoodf,
Matthev Stkvewsow. W. JRichardson.
Hfttthew Sterensan w&i author Of tmo amtU books of poeiA*
daodecimo, the fint of which wa« atititle^, " Occahoh's ^
■PRIKB, or Poemi apon several Occadons," prtnKd in Ui>^
1645,withhispor»aitprefixed.. The othei is entidsd, " Po^
or, a MitcellRny of Sonnets, Satyn, Divttery, PancfiyBcl^ El^
ftc. at the inatanoe and reqnert of eeveral Friends, Time^
Ocoaiions compoaed ; and nOir at their command eollecteC=
eoiQinitted to the Press, by the authoi, M. StevenBOn, Lo ^
167S.''
SAMUEL SPEED. F.Van H(mf.l%nid.
WItat here ikm viemetl U the grd/oa^aiortti
A »ha^ of man', otify the oittmtrdfart, -
Pentte the b^, tha^morepiaiiJgjtni
Vera Effioixb BamueUb Svui>.
Samuel Speed studied ihe works of H«ri>ert and Quarles, «
hooks are represented in the lame print with his portrait. F
only inferior to the latter in point of copiousness. He waf, ^
Other tbin^i author of a toanual, m verse, entitled, " Prison -^
RICHARD HEAP, »itikig anS ^ttitig, with -
J before him,- and a fktyr holding a ch^ld'(tf laur~^
I . Aw Aearf.; Beneath "are ' sh.' veriesi'f^'^egloli^^
if study ^ ^c, signed J. F. Suo. . . . '..
Richard Head ; Svo. brfore his "Jests."
M ath e wS tcvenson
The printeri proJfA not ftiyfrili
hath thU ^aea-Jixyify 'd.
FvT kt Pu^ktout thtTaefriepdy
A^Ut**^ fy W ReAa>V*Bn Ouot sf Luatltr fiU^ ■
* ■
OF ENGLAND. 259
Richard Head; iw Cauljieldts ** Remarkable Per-
somP
Richard Head, an Irishman, was some time a member of the
university of Oxford, whence he was taken for want of a compe-
tent maintenance, and bound apprentice to a bookseller in Lon-
don. He was afterward partner m trade with Francis Kirkman, of
the same occupation ; but neglecting his business in pursuit of
pleasure, he, to avoid his creditors, returned to his native country,
where he wrote '^ Hie et ubique, or the Humours of Dublin, a
Comedy," which was privately acted in that city with applause, and
printed at London, 1663. He again entered into partnership with
Kirkman, and was sometimes assisted by him in writing books for
their mutual support ; particularly in '^ The English Rogue." His
next considerable work is his '* Proteus Redivivus, or the Art of
Wheedling or Insinuation." In 1674, he published " Jackson's
Recantation, or the Life and Death of the notorious Highwayman,
who was hanged in Chains at Hampsted;" and, in 1678, ^' Madam
Wheedle, or the fashionable Miss discovered," which are in 8vo.
He also published *^ Yenus's Cabinet unlocked," and " The floating
Island, or a Voyage from Lambethiana to Ramalia."* A book of
jests and novels, entitled, '' Nugce Venales," which would have
served for a general title to his works. Roguery, fornication, and
cuckoldom, were the standing topics of this author, who was per-
suaded that his books would sell in proportion to the prevalency of
these vices. He was of a lively genius, and had considerable know-
ledge in the scenes of low life and debauchery. Some of his pieces
will naturally remind the reader of " The London Spy," and the
** Trips'* of Ned Ward. He was cast away in his passage to the
Isle of Wight, in the year 1678.
FRANCIS KIRKMAN, M. 41, 1673; Svo.
Francis Kirkman, citizen of London, was a bookseller and author.
He twice entered into partnership with Richard Head, and was
assisted by him in writing and publishing plays, farces, and drolls.
He is said to have dealt as largely in drollery of various kinds, as
* From Lambeth to Ram Alley.
260 BIOGRAPHICAL HISTORY
Curl did in obscenity and scandal. He has given ns memoirs of his
own life, and probably led the way for John Dunton. He also
published ** The Wits, or Sports upon Sports," to which is pre-
fixed his head. The book consists of twenty drolls, chiefly selected
from the comic scenes in Shakspeare's plays, intended for fairs. A
list of them is in Baker's ^* Biographia Dramatica."
SIR HENRY OXENDEN DE BARHAM, (knt)
Glover sc. a small headj amu and crest^ motto, " Nm
est mortale quod opto,'^ 1647 .
Sir Henry Qxenden; W. Richardson.
I am informed, that this gentleipan was author of ** Religioms
Funus/' a Latiik poem, published ioi: 1664, with his print prefixed.
He wfb great-grandfather to Henry 02!CeDdeu,.«|pq. who was living in
1775, and with Mr. Thiirbame» waa: deejt^^r representative for
Sandwich in the conrentioii.i^arUament'tbl^/flvaembled in 1660.
In Alexander Ross's-^f Mtiiiif' Ix^tptp^ are two commends*
tory copies of verses, by Sir Henry yxftiidJ^f o Barham.
Great Alexandisr conquered only men,
With twords, and cruel weapmu used then,
Buttbon the M(in$t§n, which Parnassus l^iUf
Brought forth vast vanquishes only witl^thj quiil ;
He in his conquest sometimes suffered loss.
Thou none, my friendi Great Alexander ^oas.
POETESSES.
MRS. BEHN. R. White sc. 12mo. This has been
copied by Cole.
Aphara Behn, a celebrated wit, was daughter of Mr. Johnson, a
gentleman of Canterbury, who, in this reign, resided at Surinam, in
the quality of lieutenant-general of that place. Here she became
acquainted with the person and adventures of Oroonoko, whose
story is well told by herself, but more feelingly in Southeme*s cele-
Non en. mortale: qti'dd oplo
fMMSt'ulMh'^'-^-^'''^"'"'"™^
OF ENGLAND. 261
l^r«ted play/ She gave Charles II. so good an account of that
BDlony, that he sent her to Antwerp during the Dutch war.
she entered, with her usual spirit, into various intrigues of
jBuid politics. She penetrated the design of the Dutch to sail
'the Thames, and transmitted her intelligence to the king. But
slighted, and even laughed at. Her plays, which are nume-
ILbound with obscenity ; and her ngvels are little better. Mr.
speaks thus of her:
«
f>
The stage how loosely does Astnea tread.
Who fiuriy puts aU characters to bed !"
poet mean's behind the scenes. There is no doubt but she would
MLTe literally put them to bed before the spectators ; but here she
wlw restrained by the laws of the drama, not by her own delicacy,
or the manners of the age. Sir Richard Steele tells us, that she
^ nnclcratood the practic part of love better than the speculative.
Ofr. 16 April, 1689.
MARGARET, dutchess of Newcastle, without her
name, standing in a niche; a term of Mars on her right
hand, and another of Apollo on her left. Ahr. a Die-
/penbeke iklin. P. Van Schuppen sc. Before her " Plays^"^
Jbl. 1668.
i
Margaret, dutchess of Newcastle ; sitting at her
stwbf, under a canopy : she is attended by four Cupids,
f'ttpo of whom are crowning her with a wreath of laurel.
■ Sy the same painter and engraver as the former; h.
[ sheet.
* Margaret, dutchess of Newcastle, sitting with
fiofuoers in her lap, under a bust of Homer, over which
is the Judgment of Paris. Diepenbeke. Lombart ; folio.
* The tragedy of Oroonoko was republished, with alterations, in 1759, by Dr.
Hawkeswortb, without his name.
262 BIOGRAPHICAL HISTORY
Margaret, dutchess of Newcastle, sitting at kr
study, W. Richardson.
Dutchess of Newcastle. Bocquet sc. In^^Mc-
nwirs of Grammont,'' Svo. 1 809.
Margaret,^ dutchess of Newcastle, sittir^ in n
chair. In *' Noble Autho7*s,'' by Mr. Park, 1806.
There is a portrait of her at Welbeck, by Diepenbec (alias Die-
penbeke), in a theatrical habit, which she usually wore.
This lady was daughter of Thomas Lucas, esq. and sister of Sir
John, afterward the first lord Lucas,* and second wife of William
* There is a very scarce folio volume of '* Letters and Poems*" printed in 1678.
It consists of 182 pages, filled with the grossest and most fulsome panegyric on the
Duke and Dutchess of Newcastle, especially her grace.f I know no flattery, ancient
or modem, that is in any degree, comparable to it, except the deification of Aagas-
tus, and the erection of altars to him in his lifetime.^ Incense and adoration seem
to have been equally acceptable to the Roman god and Snglish goddess. This is
part of a letter of thanks sent to the dutchess by Anthony Tbysius^ rector of the
univer^ty of Leyden, upon the receipt of her works, which she sent to the public
library. ** Princeps fcemlnini sexus merito diceris. Abripitur faecunda tua erudi-
tio, per cqbIos, terras, roaria, et quicquid in natura vel civili vita, ullove scientianim
genere nobile occurrit. Ipsa Pallas academiae nostrs praeses ttbi assurgit, gratiasque
immensas pro vestro munere agit, et cum imaginem vestram aspicit, seipsam, veloti
in speculo, intueri videtur."
The followiug passages came from Cambridge. — ** Nondura (quod scimus), anna*
libus excid^re, neque certe per nos unquam excident, erudita nomina, Aspma Pt-
ridf'it Odenati Cenobiot Polla Lucani, Boethii Rustitiana ; qute tamen, si reviviscerent
hodie, adeo tecum (inclyta dux) de eruditionis palma non contenderent, at fams
tus potius ancillantes, solam Margaretam consummatissimam principem et agnos*
Cerent et potito genu certatim adorarent.j In anctiorem nominis vestri famam op-
tamus testatioresque virtutes tuas, ut tot tamque erudita opera, tali aliquando idio*
mate exeant, quali inter Romanes, Tullium et Maronem ; inter GraioSf Platonm ^
Demosthenenif legimus et miramur.\\ Omnem illam fortunae magnitudinem imroortalis
ingenii felicitate ita superas, ut quae versare solemus exemplaria Oracd Lattfuifi"
(
t 1 never saw this book but in the well-chosen and copious library of John Ii>ve-
day, of Cavershara, esq. and have therefore given the reader a large extract from it
t Fraesenti tibi maturos largimurhonores,
Jurandasque tuum per nomen ponimus aras.
Hon. Lib. IL Epist. I.
§ P. 3. II P. 9.
OF ENGLAND. ' 263
Cavendish, duke of Newcastle. If her merit as an author were to
be estimated from the quantity of her works, she would have the
precedence of all female writers, ancient or modern. There are no
less than thirteen folios of her writing; tea of which are vsk print:
they consist chiefly of poems and plays. The life of the duke her
husband, is the most estimable of her productions. This has been
translated into Latin. James Bristow^ of Corpus Christi College,
in Oxford, undertook to translate a volume of her philosophical
works into the same language ; but he was soon forced to delist
from the undertaking. Such was the obscurity and perplexity of
the subject, that he could hot find words where he had no ideas*
We are greatly surprised that a lady of her quality should have
written so much; and are little less surprised that one who loved
writing so well, has writ no better : but what is most to be won-
dered at, is, that she, who found so much time for writing,. could
acquit herself in the several duties and relations of life with so
much propriety. Oh, 1673.
missa jam facerci et toa anius sapientia contenti esse possiraus. Quoties enira in
pliil«8ophiai6 secedis, sola ' magistri nuUius in' verba juras/ sed in orani doctonim
famUia laborans, et sabtilitev expendis, et acute discernis, ct ad unguem castigas^
qnicqaid i^ut risit Vemocritut, ant flevit Heraclitiu, aut deliravit Epwurus, aut tacuit
Pffthagaras, aut intellexit AristoteUs, aut ignoravlt Arcesitas ; nee omittis siquid ma-
joram inventis addid^re novi homines, VertilamiuSf Harvaus, CartesitiSf Gali"
I shall finish the climax with another passage addressed on the same occasion^ to
her grace, from Oxford : ** We have a manuscript author in the Bod lie's library,
who endeavours to shew that women excel men : your excellency has proved what
he proposed, has done what he endeavoured, and given a demonstrative argument to
convince the othertoise unbelieving world**^f
However strange it may seem, yet nothing is more certain than that these mon-
stroas strains of panegyric relate chiefly to that wild philosophy which would have
puzzled the whole Royal Society, and on account of which she seems to have been
desifOQS of being admitted to one of their meetings.^
• P. 28, 29. t P. 69.
I She accordingly was admitted, as appears from Biit:h's " Hbtory of the Royal
Society." See vol. ii. p. 175, 176, 177. See also what Mr. £velyn says of her in
his " Numisnata," p. 265.
264 BIOGRAPHICAL HISTORY
MISCELLANEOUS AUTHORS.
WRITERS IN DIVINITY.
EDWARD LEIGH, esq. M. A. of Magdalen
Hall, in Oxford; M. 60, 1662. J. Chantry sc. h.sh.
See the Int£RR£GNum.
99
Edward Leigh, M. A. in the " Oxford Almanack^
1749.
SIR WILLIAM WALLER, knt. Ob. Sept. 19,
1669 ; N. Yeates sc. Sw.
Sir William Waller, the parliament general, was author of a.
book of '^ Divine Meditations/' which was published after his de-
cease, with his head prefixed. See the Class of Soldiers m the
reign of Charles I.
HISTORIANS.
EDWARD, earl of Clarendon, &c. M. Burghers sc.
Before his " History of the Rebellion ;" Svo.
Lord Clarendon had all that knowledge of his subject, that
strength of head, as well as integrity of heart, which are essential
to a good historian. He has been, in some instances, accused of
partiality ; but this proceeded from an amiable, perhaps an invin-
cible cause ; the warmth of his loyalty and friendship. He particu.
larly excels in characters, which, if drawn with precision and ele-
gance, are as difficult to the writersy as they are agreeable to the
readers of history. He is, in this particular, as unrivalled among
OF ENGLAND. 265
itxIeniB, M TtcitUB it among the ancients. They both saw
nice diBtiiicttoiu, and specific differences in human nature,
lick are Tisible only to the safacious. He painti himself, in
Lwing the portraits of others ; and we every where see the clear
exact comprehension, the uncommon learning;, the dignity
id equity of the lord -chau cell or, in his character as a writer. It
lFS from the memoirs of his own life, that he liad all the virtae
i and it is no less evident that he had something of his
and severity. His styie is rather careless than laboured.*
Is are long, and frequently embarrassed and perplexed
pareatheses. Hence it is, that he is one of the most difficult
all authors to bo read with an audible voice.f Ob, 9 Dec
^4,T See Class VI,
'"1 =
STRODUS WHITELOCK, &c. R. Gpywood
f 8wo.
"fiuLSTRODUs Whitelock, &c. HulsbcTgh sc. Svo.
'. 3iilHtradG Whitelock, who was equally eminent for capacity and
*e^Ey> deserveti a distinguished place among the Writers of £ng-
f Ustory. He had a ^eat share in those transactions of which
> given us an account; aud is, in point of impartiality, at
l^'HianijU Ten;, canoo of Chriat Church, then M.A. luperiDteaded ihe
in (his boolE was printed, and wa> • Itiing vitoesi of its being faithfully
_ D Lord ClarGDdaa'i M8S. Oldmiuni'i Calumn; ii abaDdantl; refuted
p Allcsrbur; and Doctor John Sarton.— Attarbarj aad Sm^ilridge had left
Mlieii Hic Ixiuk was piinted. The copj of thli book wu veiled in the nni-
|f Oxford, but not by tlie author's wiU.
tl of the biitoiies of tfaji age h»e ■ peculiar oieril, as the authon vers
n and soScrers^in Ibafe intcreitiog acene) which they have eihibiled la
B leeand Tolume of the " State Papers," of Lord -chancellor Clarendos,
' ~ ' "s a letter addreiwd to Dr. GUbert Sheldon, from Sir Edward
' in oil Ilie digoily of retirement in the itland of Jene;.|| Ue
Kihu friend, " Tbal jou ma; not Ibink I am idle, I haia lead over Ijvj and
HadbU, and almost Tally's norks ; and ha>e vritlen, aince I came into thi* blessed
ids, Dcai MO large ilieeti of paper in ibis delicate hand." Hii reading the chuslc
■athori wai evidently with a view of improving his alyle.
(1773.
266 BIOGRAPHICAL HISTORY
least equal, if not superior, to Lord Clarendon himself^ He was a
man of a clear and cool head, yet zealous in the cause which he
espoused : but he was very rarely misled by his affections, and wa»
never known to be transported to bigotry. Oldmixon, who stands
at the head of infamous historians, has drawn a comparison between
Whitelock and Clarendon * Ob. 28 July, 1675.+ See the Ihtm-
REGNUM, Class VI.
JOHN RUSHWORTH, esq. R. White sc. Befon
his ^* Historical Collections ;" folio.
John Rushworth was bred to the law, but neglected that pro-
fession, and appUed himself with great- assiduity to state afiain.
He was not only an eye and ear- witness, but a considerable agent
in some of the most important transactions during the civil war.
His ** Historical Collections" are a work of great labour: but he
did not only employ his industry to collect facts^ but also to con-
ceal and disguise them. His books are very useful to the readerSf
as well as writers of our history ; but they must be read with ex-
treme caution. It is an unhappy circumstance for a historian to
write under the influence of such as cannot bear the truth. Rush-
worth's compilation was carried on under the eye, and submitted
to the correction, of Cromwell. Hence it is, that he has onaitted
whatever could give offence, and inserted whatever would be
agreeable to his patron.^ Ob, 12 May, 1690.
* There is an anonymous pamphlet well worth the reader's notice, entitled,
" Clarendon and Whitelock farther compared.'' It was written by Mr. John Davjs,
sometime of Hart Hall, now Hartford College, in Oxford.
t It should be observed, that Whitelock's ** Memorials" are his Diary, and tbt
he occasionally entered /acts in it when they came to his knowledge ; but not always
on those days in which they were transacted. This has led his readers into some
anachronisms. The " Memorials'' would have been much more valuable, if bis ynk
]iad not burnt many of his papers.^
X It is said, that Rushworlh " supplied himself plentifully" from the grand coUec*
tion of pamphlets made by Tomlinsou the bookseller, which commenced from the
latter end of the year 1640, and was carried down to the restoration. They wen
uniformly bound in upwards of 2000 volumes, of different sizes, and consisted of
about 50,000 tracts. Tomlinson is said to have refused 4000/. for this collectioD.
William Prynne had by far the greatest hand in these pamphlets, having writteD
above 160 of them himself. Near 100 were written by and concerning John
■ ■ ■ ■■(_«'>. . ■ - —
§ Sec Echa«P» " Hbtory of England," p. 922.
OF ENGLAND. 267
SIR PHIUP WARWICK, kn*. P.Lelyp. R.White
sc. Before his ^^ Memoirs " 1701 ; 8vo.
Sir Philip Warwick ; a small oval, in the *^ Gen-
tleman's Magazine,'' 1790; from a miniature in the
possession of Edmund Tumor, esq.
Sir Philip Warwick was son of Thomas Warwick, organist of
St. Peter's, Westminster, of which church the former was some
time a chorister. He was educated at Eton school, and finished
his studies at Geneva, under the care of Diodati, well known for
his Commentaries on the Scriptures. He had much the same ad-
vantages of knowledge, and was witness of many of the same
facts, with the historians before-mentioned ; and ^yields to none of
them in candour and integrity. He served the worthy Earl of
Southampton in the office of secretary to the treasury ; an employ-
ment which he had enjoyed in the former reign. He acquitted
himself in this office with such abilities as did honour to them both :
bot the Carl's enemies insinuated, that all the honour was due to the
secretary, and usually called him, " Sir Philip the Treasurer."^
The most considerable of his works is his " Memoirs, or Reflecr
turns upon the Reign of King Charles I.'' This book was pub-
lished by Dr. Thomas Smith,* the learned writer concerning the
Greek church. But the doctor's preface, of some pages, having
been not altogether pleasing to the administration at that time, it
has been suffered to stand in very few copies. He died the 15th
of January, 1682.
Iilbiime.t More scurrility, cant, and falsehood, were published at this period,
Aan in any other of the same duration, in any age or country; so that the whole
eollectlon, if now in being, would be but of small value4 The writings of liU
Iiiiroe» as well as those of many other dealers in politics, and pamphleteers of the
day, have been long since totally forgotten. It hath been observed, that civil
heat» like drought, brings to light a multitude of noisy, troublesome, and pe-
rishable insects.
* This publication is not mentioned in Dr. Smith's article, in the " Biographia
Britmnnica."
f See ** Phoenix Britannicus," 4to. p. 566, 567.
% I imagine that it was this collection which was purchased by King George III.
and given to the British Museum. — Lord Orforo.
268 BIOGBAPHlCAt HISTORY
JOHN MILTON was author of " The History at BAtmf a
book written in a republican spirit, in a nervous stylei and with
much strength of reason : but we are disappointed in not meeting
with any of that elegance in it which it is natural to expect from
the author of the ^* Paradise Lost." It was printed in 4to. 1670,
and is reprinted in Kenneths ^* Complete History/' See the din«
sion of the Poets, &c.
PAUL RYCAUT, esq. late consul of Smyrna, aod
fellow of the Royal Society. Leli/ p. R. White tc
Before his translation of ** The Spanish Critick^ hy
Gratian, 1681, 8 w.
SiB Paul Rycaut. Lelj/. R. Whife; folio; y^
fixed to his " History of the Turks, "" 1680-
Paul Ricauty or Rycaut, was a gentleman of good parts aal
leamingi and particularly distinguished by his travels^ his negotifr-
tionSy and his writings. He composed his ** Present State of tke
Ottoman Empire'^ during his residence at Constant inople, wher^h
was secretary to Heneage Finch, earl of Winchelsea, ambassador to
the Ottoman Porte. He was about eleven years consul for tb
English natioQr at Smyrna, where he wrote his '^ Present State of
the Greek and Armenian Churches." But his capital performaotf
is his '< Continuation of Richard KnoUes's excellent History of tke
Turks." He was, from his great knowledge of the Turkish affisurSr
better qualified than any other person for this work ; but he is in-
ferior to KnoUes in historic merit. He also wrote a " Continuation
of Platina's Lives of the Popes," in folio, which was published in tbe
reign of James II. by whom he was knighted. He also translated
Garcillasso de la Vega's ** Commentaries of Peru." He was, bj
King William, sent resident to Hamburgh, where he lived ten
years.* In 1700, he returned to England, and died in November
the same year. See more of him in " State Letters of Hen. Earl
of Clarendon." See also the next reign.
* Mr. Cambridge ha» a portrait of him, painted at Hamburgh, in I691i b/
Rundt.
^^■nr"
OF ENGLAND. 269
JOHANNES MARSHAM, eques auratus, et baro-
'^M. 80. R. White k. h. »h. Before his " Canon
KHNEs Mahshau, eques, &c. fF. Richardson.
y Lcaraed hiatomn WM mthor of " Diatriba Chronolo-
^L e. A Chronological lUiBerta^bn, wheniD be examines iiw-
iXj the principal Difficulties that occur in the Chronology of
1 Testament :" Lond. 1649 ; 4to. But hit piincipal woik,
bis at once a proof ofhU great erudition, pnftiond judgment,
ibdefati gable iuduBtry, ■■ hia " Canon Cfannuns fgyptiaciu,
:, Gr^ciis," &c. The first edition of it mi printed at
Idon, in folio, 1672 ; it wa^ reprinted at LeifMic, in 4to. 1676;
" t Praneker. in 4to. 1696. This book soon rendered the
ne famous throughout Europe.* It ia well known that
/plians, like the Chinese, pretended to incredible uitiquity;
Itad, in the list of their dynaaties, extended thdr dironologj
Ii25 years. ThcGe dynaaties had been long rqected as fabu-
b: hut Sir John Marsham has reduced them to Scripture cbro-
', by proving them to be not tuecetthe bnt^ coliateral. The
nied Dr. Shuckford telU ns, that " no tolerable scheme can be
1 of the Egyptian history that is not, in tke main, agreeing
Some things adraoced by onr author have bMit con-
ted, if not confuted, by men of leanung. But it ia no.irMuleff
Wtme travelling In the darkness of aniiqaity, u he did, diovld
his way. Ob. 25 May, 1686.
ROGER L'ESTRANGE. esq. M. jBft, 1684-
5. Knellcrp. R.frhitetc. Be/ore his'**. Etsp-sFMetf"-
■ ■' ';^^
'■ ChioniCHm danon^ni .^'gjptiuio Joannit Manhami, Angli.qid nnmio Aicdfa
■ntiqnitato JEgyptuu coltcgii, van ■unirralun (neHprii in compendia Oaliico;"
"Hi»<oriBUi>i»eiMlis, lircdlebeiriiiiiij epiicopui Meldeniii."} Theie «ie Iha aordi
of John Le Clerc, in bis unclf , David Le Clerc'., ■' QupntionM Sacm," p. 149, 150.
t Sec " Sacnrft and Piofane Hiitor; of tLe World connected," vol. iii. edil. 17t7,
p. 269, S70.
t BiMtuet, bithop of Meuii.
270 BIOGRAPHICAL HISTORY
Roger L'Estrange, &c. oval ; mezz. He is flood
here as a translator of History.
Roger L'Estrangc, who was at the head of the writers by pro- 1
fession, in this reign, was author of a g^eat pumber of polhidi I
pamphlets and periodical papers. That which made the gresM
noise was his " Observator/' in which he went as greiett lengdiito
vindicate the measures of the court, as were ever gone by any
mercenary journalist.* This paper was swelled to three ▼olumes in
foHo. He translated Cicero's '* Offices/' Seneca*8 " Morali,"
Erasmus's '* Colloquies,^ and Quevedo's '^ Visions." His Esop'i
** Fables'' was more a new work than a translation. The moit
valuable of his books is his translation of Josephus, which ^ though
in a better style than most of his writings, has been very juitlj
censured.t He was one of the great corrupters of our luignage,
by excluding vowels and other letters not commonly pronounced,
and introducing pert and a£Pected phrases.J He was licenser of
the press to Charles and James II. $ 06. 11 Dec 1704, Mt, 88.
WILLIAM WINSTANLEY, M. 39, 1667 ; in an
oval composed of vines and barley ; large ^vo.
* See the " Life of Baxter/* fol. part iii. p. 187.
t 8ec Dr. Fclton's " Dissertation on the Classics/' &o. p. 15S, edit 1715. Thit
author mentions one of his phrases as a specimen of many othen ; speaking of
Herod, he says, that he was one, " tliat would keep touch, neither with God nor
man." Sec Bathos, &c. c. 12.
X See the ** Trial of the letter Y, alias Y,'' in the last cdit^ of «' The Canons of
Criticism.*'
$ His being a representative for Winchester in the parliament that assembled
upon the accession of James, when he had a transitory gleam of good fortune, is not
mentioned in the " Biographia Britaunica," where wc arc told,|| that Queen Marj
made this anagram on his name :
Roger L'Estraiige,
Lying strange Roger.
This naturally introduces thi; distich made by Lee, who by \'ears was so strangely
altered, as scarce to be recollected by his old friend :
Faces may alter, names can't change ;
1 am strange Lee altered ; you arc still J-f'strangc.
II P. 2927.
iTiiJuia ^ oiff.^ Qt-ape, and Sar^y nc niH pfay^.
T^rjf^ni ih f^-^ ^t/uir aJl-atngu Wr^ Juice.
Soii^ar of/ne/e iia-irw and naturr. ne t^/pUt
TTum.cini^ Ihi Jfer-iii'ir cKoiet, Irta/urea me t/ct^r-aee
OF ENGLAND. 271
:iAM WiNSTANLEY, M. 39, 1667. W. Rich-
1 Winstanley, originally a barber,* was author of " The
the Poets;" of " Select Lives of England's Worthies,
stantine the Great to Prince Rupert;" " The Loyal Mar-
' " Historical Rarities ;" and one or two single Lives, all
He is a fantastical writer, and of the lowest class of our
rs : but we are obliged to him for many notices of persons
s, which are recorded only in his works. See the next reign.
OINE HAMILTON, ne en Irelande, mort a
nain en Lay, le 21 Avril, 1720, Age d'Environ
; A.B.p. Rossard sc. \2mo.
ompte Antoine Hamilton. J. Hall sc. en-
for the elegant edition of his '' MemoirSy'' lately
at Strawberry Hill.
. Antoine Hamilton. fF. N. Gardiner sc.
"emoirs of Grammont,'' 8vo. 1809.
Hamilton, a native of Ireland, settled in France, was
the '^ Memoires de Grammont," in which he, with an easy
isite pencil, has painted the chief characters of the court
s the Second, as they were, with great truth and spirit,
to him by Grammont himself,
'* Who caught the manners living as thej rose.**
or has in his work displayed a happiness as well as accu-
ch have deservedly placed him in the first rank of the
Titers of memoirs. He was brother-in-law. to the count,
se histbry he hath entertained and delighted the public.
;e ** Athea Oxon." ii. 1118. His name is omitted in the Index.
272 BIOGRAPHICAL HISTORY
ANTIQUARIES.
JOHN AUBREY, esq. F.R.S. M. Vandergucht s6
Before his '^ Natural History and Antiquities of Surrey ^
8vo.
His portrait in Indian ink^ by Loggan, is in the Ashmoleali'
Museum.
John Aubrey, esq. from Loggan's drawing. /.
Caulfield exc.
John Aubrey. Bartolozzi sc.
.J
John Aubrey. T. Cook so. In MalcolnCs '^ Liv^
of Topographers.''
0
•I
John Aubrey, who was esteemed an able and indastrious anti^
quary, was acquainted with most of the virtuosi in the reign t4{
Charles II. He is said to have supplied Anthony Wood with §
great part 9f the materials for both his books, and composed severait
curious and useful treatises himself, some of which remain utti
printed in Ashmole*s Museum. The most considerable of his ma-
nuscripts are his '< Monumenta Britannica, or a Discourse con-
cerning Stonehenge, and Roll Rich Stones, in Oxfordshire ;" afia
his '' Architectonica Sacra, or a Discourse concerning the Manner
of our Church Buildings in England." His '* Perambulation of tha
County of Surrey," which was begun in 1673, arid iended in 16SlS^
waft published with large additions and improvements, by I>r. Raw-?
linson, in 1719, in five volumes octavo. His collections for a tH^
tuFftl history and antiquities of Wiltshire^ in which he made lii
great progress, are in the above mentioned repository. He had i
(Stronger tincture of superstition than is commonly found in men bl
his parts and learning. In his '^ Miscellanies," among which an
some things well worth the reader's notice, is a receipt against ai
OF ENGLAND. 273
il tongaey* which wm foiBieil| thonght ommIi wone tbui an erfl
e. Ob. circ. 1700. A. Wood, whom he efteemed his friend,
eaks of hkn as a pretender to antiqnltie*, and as Tain, aedolons,
id whimsical ; he adds, that he was expensive to sndi a degree,
\ to be forced to sell his estate of lOQL a year, and aftmrard to
pcome a dependant on hb friends for sobsistenoe-f There seems
ft be a tincture of gall in this censure of the Oxford antiqoarj.
Ir. Gough, who mentions him with respect and honour, says,
lat he '* first brought us acquainted with the earliest monuments
pthje fiu^e of the country, the remains of Druidism, and of Roman,
«xon, and Danish fortifications.";
RICHARD ATKYNS, esq. W. Sherwin sc. Prefixed
0 his " History of Printing,'' 1664.
Richard Atkyns was author of *^ The Original and Growth of
Unting, 5 collected out of History and the Records of this King^
j^m,^ 1664; 4to. This is an imperfect work, of which we have
Bine account in the ^ Memoirs of Psalmanazar.^H Meerman has
Moved, that the author grossly imposed on several persons, parti-
the Earl of Pembroke, by fabe title-pages. There is an-
book on this isubject, entitled, ^' The General History of
ing, and particularly in England, by Samuel Fafaner,''. 1733 ;
Ames's ** Typographical Antiquities,'' which is a valuable
is limited to the three kingdoms.
If '
•^P. 111. edit 1696.
^ See Wood's '< life," onder August, 1667. Bat see abo Hearae*s more candid
■HioD of biro, in " An Acconnt of some Antiquities in and aboat Oxford," at the
' of-tbe second volame of Leland's " Itinerary."
^ JDntrod. to the " Arcbaeologia" of the Antiquarian Society, p. xziiL
ft We baye very different accounts of the origin of printing, which, like other
^«fM iuTentions, seems to have been merely caAial. It is extremely probable
h% the person, who conceiTed the jfirst idea of it was an utter stranger to its im-
r%aiioe. The friar, who found the wonderful effect of saltpetre, sulphur, and
k«eoel, littie thought that he had hit upon a composition that would be the death
V&illions, and entirely change the art of war. The man who, in playing with some
|« of g^aas in a watch-.roakqr'f shop, took the first hint for the telescope, did not
a«ai that he was leading mankind to a ditcovery of new woildii and opening to
ftir view the most asUmishing part of the creation.
^ P. f 84, &c.
274 BIOGRAPHICAL HISTORY
WILLIELMUSPETYT, armiger; interioris Templi
socius, et custos rotuloram ac archivorum in Turrf;
Londinensi remanentium. R. White ad vivum del. etsc.
h. sh. I
William Petyt, esq. student of the Middle Temple, bencher and
treasurer of the Inner Temple, and keeper of the records in tbei
Tower, was born near Skipton, in Craven, Yorkshire. This' gentle-
man, who is an author of character, and well known for his valuab^
manuscripts, now lodged in the Inner Temple library,* made a coI-|
lection of parliamentary tracts, of above eighty volumes, relative tOj
the Interregnum. They were of singular use to the compilers o^
the " Parliamentary History," in twenty-four volumes, 8vo. He,
was author of '' The ancient Rights of the Commons asserted,*^.
8vo. 1680; of " A Summary Review of the Kings and Govenh
ment of England," Svo. and of *' Jus Parliamentarium, or thi^
ancient Power and Rights of Parliament," fol. He #as, upon hit
resignation of his place of keeper of the records in .the Towe^ij
succeeded, the 12th of March, 1707-8, by Richard Topham, es<{^
member of parliament for Windsor; whose valuable collection dl
drawings is in the library at Eton College. A list of the records
in the Tower, drawn upby Petyt, is in the " Cat. MSS. Angli»y1
torn. ii. p. 183. He died at Chelsea, the 3d of October, 1707^
aged 71 years.
EDWARDUS WATERHOUSE, armiger, 1663
^. 44. D. Loggan ad vivum sc. Be/ore his " Com-
mentary on Fortescue De Laudibus Legum Anglia"
1663, fol.
Edwardus Waterhouse^ aniiig. A. Hertochsf
Edward Waterhouse was, according to Mr. Wood and Mr. Ni«j
cokon^t author of the following books : "A DisGOurgje and Defeno^
♦ BUhop Bamet, Mr. Strype, arid thie LordHHianceHor Wttt of IreJaad, in
« Ihquiiy into the Manner of creating Peers/* hare «Tailed themselves of
Daanuscriptfl.
t Afterward bishop of Carlisle.
OF ENGLAND.
275
|Ai'ilt«utdAnnoi7,*'1660; Svo. "TheSphereofGentryidedurcd
tfn tba Princifdei of Nature ; in hiitoncal and genealogical Work
|,,Akins and Blazon, in four boolu," i661; fbl.* " Fortescutus
IwtraCu*, 01 a CommentoTf on Forteacue de lAudibue Legum
hgUee," 1663 ; &].t The book to which his head is prefixed is
Btitled, " Tha Oentlen»n'i Monitor, or a sober Inspection into
Virtues, Vices, and ordinary Heani of the Rise and Decay of
DJlies," 1665 1 Svo. This is not mentioned by either of the
ve uited authors. The latter informs us, that he published an
HsiwxH Narre^Te of the Fire of London," in 16664 Mr.
lod, 'who speaks with great contempt of his " Sphere of Gentry,"
■S us, " tliat he was a cock-brained man; that he took holy
lets Ufion him, nnd became a fantastical preacher." Lloyd styles
n "tbe learned, industrious, and ingenious Edward Waterhoute,
of Sion College ;" and acknowledges himself beholden to him
! the RCCOUDt of Sir Edward Waterhouse, printed in bis " State
«dbs." Oh. Id70. See more of him in Birch's " Hist, of the
ml'^frciet^," vol. ii. p. 460; where a mistake of Wood's is cor-
tM
^
SIR HENRY BLOUNT. D. Loggan ad vivum del.
sc. 1679; h. ah. scarce.
Sj:b Henrt Blount; 4/0. W.Richardson.
Kr Henry Blount was third son of Sir Thomas Pope Blount, of
k«l1ianger, in Hertfordshire. He diRtinguished himself in the
%f. part of his life, l>y his tntvels into the Levant. In this
Syage be passed above six thousand miles, the greater part of
Uch he went by land. This gained him the epithet of " The .
Feat Traveller." His quick and lively parts recommended him to
lea I. who is said to have committed the young princes to his
just before the battle of Edge-hill. He was one of the com-
ing appointed in November, 1655, to consider of proper
Inrp tD/ii means to improve the trade and navigation of the com-
^"— ^-"'■^ Hia " Travels to the Levant," which have been irans-
I Nicolsoa'i " 1
t Ibid. p. 19.
276 BIOGRAPHICAL HISTORY ,
I
I
lated inta French and Dutch,* were published in 4to. 1636; Tlie
author of the Introductory Discourse prefixed to Churchiirs " Col- ,.
lection of Voyages," gives but an indifferent character of this book,
ai( to style and matter. He was author of several pieces of less note,
and is supposed to have had the principal hand in the '^ Anima
Mundi," published by his son Charles, the well-known author of the "-|
" Oracles of Reason/' The former of these books contains much
the same kind of philosophy with that of Spinoza. Sir Thomas
Pope Blount, another of his sous, who compiled the '' Censura
celebriorum authorum/' is a writer much more worthy of our notice.
Ob. 9 Oct. 1682. ^'
GEORGE ALSOP, &c. M. 28; si:v English
verses.
i
u*
George Alsop, &c. W. Richardson. UU
' ipp<
George Alsop was author of " A Character of the Province of i^x
Maryland/' 1666 ; 12mo. to which his head is prefixed. \\-%
\
MATHEMATICIANS, &c.
JONAS MOORE, matheseos professor, MAi
1660. Before his " Arithmetic;'' Svo. See the Inte:
regnum.
.5
•1
GULIELMUS LEYBOURN, philom. M. 2
oval; ^to.
GuLiELMus Leybourn, jEt. 30. Gaywoodf. \2n^^^'
Before his " Arithmetic.'' See the reign of CHARir^^^
the Second.
* So Mr. Wood was informed.
OF ENGLAND. 277
William Leybourn, M. 64, 1690. R. White;
'prefixed to his " Cursus Mathemr foL
. William Leybourn, effigies authoris; almost a
"VBlhole lengthy sitting. Before his book of ^^ Dialling T
Ato. 1669.
GuLiELMUs Leybourn, JK. 48, 1674. R. White
sc. 4to.
William Leybourn, JEt. 52, 1678; l2mo.
William Leybpurn, who was originally a printer in London, was
instrumental in preserving and publishing several of the mathema-
tical works of Mr. Samuel Foster, astronomy professor in Gresham
College.* He became afterward an eminent author himself; and it
appears from his books, that he was one of the most universal ma-
thematicians of his time.f Many treatises of practical mathematics
V^ere publishied by him in this reign^ In the reign of William III.
Came forth his ** Cursus Mathematicus" in folio, which was
Esteemed the best system of the kind extant. His ** Panarithmo-
Jogia, or the Trader's sure Guide," contains tables ready cast up,
^nd adapted to the use of almost all tradesmen and mechanics. It
Xvas formed upon an excellent plan of his own, which has been
adopted by Mons. Bareme, in France. The seventh edition was
printed in 12mo. 1741.
VINCENTIUS WING, Luffenhamiensis, in com.
Rutlandise ; natus anno 1619, die 9 Aprilis. Before
his ^^ Astronomia Britannicdy' 1652; foL
The name of Wing, though he has been dead for at least a cen-
tury, continues as fresh as ever at the head of our sheet almanacks. t
* See Mr. Ward's " Dves of the Professors of Gresham College."
' t See Clavei*B <* Calalogae of the Books printed since the Fire of London;"
folio»
f I have found nothing in chronology so problematical and perplexing as assign-
ing the date of the death of an almanaclL-maker. Francis Moore has, acoording to
278 BIOOEA^PHICAL HtSTORY
He was i^uthor of. '* The celestial Hannony of the visible World,"
1651, folio ; of •* An Ephemeris for thirty Years;" a " Computatip
Catholica ;" and several other astrological and mathematical pieces.
His great work in Latin, entitled, *' Astronomia Britannica,'' has
been much commended : he proceeds upon Bullialdus's pnnciples,
and gives clear and just ex^mpl^ of a\\ the precepts of prat^
astronomy. His life was written by Gadbury, who informs us t)^at
he died the 20th of Sept. 1668.
JOSEPH MOXON, born at Wakefield, August the
8th, 1627. On a lable near the heady is inscribed tk
title of one of his books, viz. '* Ductor ad Astrononiim
et Geographianiy vel Ustis Ghbij^ Sgc. Sgc. Ato.
Joseph Moxon, &c. F. H. Van Hove sc. 12nio.
Joseph Moxon, hydrographer to Charles 11. was an excellent
practical mathematician. He composed, translated, and published,
a great vaijety of books relative to the sciences. He particularly
excelled iu geography, and was a great improver of maps, spheres,
and globes, the last of which he carried to a higher degree of per-
his own confession, amused and alarmed the world with his predictions and his hie-
roglyphics for the space of 75 years.* John Partridge has been dead and boned
more than once, if the printed accounts of him may be credited. But his almanack,
like his ghost, " magni nominis umbra,** continued to appear as usual after his de*
cease. Vincent Wing is said to be now living, at Pick worth, in Rutlandshire, and
I am referred to a book-almanack for a proof of it. This seminds me of what I
have seen in one of Partridge's almanacks, in which lie very gravely afllrms, that be
is now living, and was alive when Bickerstaff published the account of his deatb.
It is, with due deference, proposed to Mr. Vincent Wing, to aiBx this motto, for tbe
future, to his almanack, after his name :
Ilium aget Penna metuente solvi
Fama superstes. — Hon.
\
* Before his Almanack for 1771, is a letter, which begins thus :
"Kind Reader,
'* This being the 73d year since my Almanack first appeared to the world, aod
having for several years presented you with observations that have come to passip
the admiration of many, I have likewise presented you with several Uciogiv*
phicSy^Stc. - ' ..
I
V OF FNGLAND. 279
fectioii;di&i -aoy Englishtnan had' done before hiM** Besides his
tceatiaes of Geography, Astronomy, Navigation, &?c. he published
a book ci " Mechanic Exercises, or the Doctrines of Handy-
Wor|p3," drc. This book, which is in two vi)iumes quarto, is un-
common. Dr. Johnson often quotes him ih his Dictionary » as the
best authority for the common terms of mechanic arts. There is a
pack of astronomical playing-cards invented by him, " teaching
any ordinary capacity, by them, to be acquainted with all the stars
in heaven, to know their place, colour, nature, bigness : as also
the poetical reasons for every constellation." — He was living at the
sign of the Atlas, in Warwick-lane, 1692.t
LORD BROUNKER ; a small head, in the frontis-
piece to Sprafs " History of the Royal Society'' Hol-
lar f
William, lord Brounker. Harding.
William, viscount Brounker; in " Noble Au^
thors;' by Mr. Park, 1806.
There is a portrait of him at Hagley, by Lely . And another, a
whole length, at Lord Bathurst*s, at Cirencester.
William, lord Brounkei^ whom Bishop Burnet calls a profound
mathematician^ was chancellor to Queen Catherine, keeper of her
great seal, and one of the commissioners for executing the OiEce of
lord high-admiral. Few of his writings are extant. His ** Expe-
' riments of the recoiling of Guns," and his algebraical paper on the
squaring of the hyperbola, are well known. He was the first pre-
sident of the Royal Society ; a body of men, who, since their incor-
poration, have made a much greater progress in true natural know-
* William Saunders, a fishmonger, made considerable improvements iii tins art
before Moxon. It was afterward much improved by Rowley and Senex. See the
advertisement for Rowley's globes, in the " Spectator/' No. 553.
t In the reign of Charles II. a project was set on foot for uniting the Thames and
tb'e Severn; by catting a channel of above forty milei id letigth; and a bill was,
with that view, brought into the House of Commons. Moxon drew a map for
Mr. Matthews, to demonstrate that the scheme was praoticable. See particulars in
Yarranton's " England's Improvements," p. 64.
/
280 BIOGRAPHTCAL HISTORY
ledge, than had before been made firom the beginning of the worid.
They have carried their researches into every part of the creation,
and have still discovered new wonders. Their minute inquiries
have been sometimes the- subject of ridicule. But the seeders
should consider, that the wings of the butterfly were painted by
the same almighty hand that made the sun. Ob. 5 April, 1684,
JOHN KERSEY, bom at Bodicot, near Banbury,
in the county of Oxford, 1616. Zoust p. 1672. Fai-
thome sc. jinely engraved. Before his " Algebra ;"
folio; 1673.
r
John Kersey, teacher of the mathematics, was author of ^* The
Elements of mathematical Art, commonly called Algebra ;*' folio.
This book was allowed, by all judges of its merit, to be the clearest,
and most comprehensive system of the kind, extant in any language.
Very honourable mention is made of it in the " Philosophical
Transactions."* The work was very much encouraged by Mr. John
Collins, commonly called attorney-general to the mathematics.f
Our author. Kersey, published an improved edition of Wingate's
*' Arithmetic,'* and I think an English Dictionary. Qusere.
CAPTAIN SAMUEL STURM Y, M. 36, 1669 ;
h. sk.
The following book, by this author, was, at least, twice printed,
in the reign of Charles II. " The Mariner's Magazine, stored with
these Mathematical Arts ; Navigation, Geometry, the making and
use of divers mathematical Instruments, the Doctrine of Triangles,
sailing by the Plain Chart, Mercator's Chart, and the Arch of the
great Circle. The Arts of Surveying, Gauging, Measuring, Gun-
ner3[. Astronomy, Dialling, &c, also Tables of Logarithms, and of
the Sun's Declination, Latitude, Longitude of Places ; with an
Abridgement of the Laws relating to the Custotns, and Navigation,
and a Compend. of Fortification : by Captain Samuel Sturmy, the
• Vol. viii. p. 6073, 6074.
t See his article in the sappleiiient to the *' Biographia." .
OF ENGLAND. 281
second edition, revised and corrected by John Colson," 1678,
folio; with the author*s. head prefixed. The " Mathesis enucleata,"
and the " Mathesis juvenilis," both in 8vo. were written by one of
the same name. These I have not seen.
In Goldsmith's " History of the Earth,'* vol. i. p. (56, is an ac-
count of Captain Sturmy's descent into a cavern. Pen- park HolCi
in Gloucestershire. He died soon after of a fever caught there.
MR. PERKINS. Drapentier sc.
Mr. Perkins was a schoolmaster in Christ's Hospital, where he
tanght the mathematics. He was author of a book of navigation,
entitled, '* The Seaman's Guide," 1682; 8vo. published by his
brother, to which the portrait is prefixed.
VENTERUS MANDEY, JSf. 37, (1682). R.White
sc. 8w.
This person, who was an eminent schoolmaster, was author of
" The Marrow of Measuring ;" " A Treatise of the Mechanic
Powers ;" and " A Universal Mathematical Synopsis." The first
of these, before which is his portrait, has been oftener printed than
any of his works.
MARTINUS MASTER, Philom. Cantuariensis,
Mt. 53. Gaywoodf. 1660, \2mo.
The measuring- wheel,, engraved with the head, denotes Master to
bave been a land-surveyor.
GULIELMUS HUNT, natus est civitate Londini,
1645, &c. j^. 28. Compasses and sliding-rule be-
neath.
William Hunt was an officer in the excise, and author of a book
of gauging, which, under different shapes, has been several times
VOL. V, 2 o
/
282 BIOGRAPHICAL. HISTORY
reprinted. Everard and Coggeshal have adapted the sliding-n
to the purposes of gauging, with greater success than Hunt.
" HENRICUS GREENHILL, civitatis Sarum;
mercaturae et mathematicarum artium disciplinistan
supra aetatem progressus fecit, ut semulis invidia
omnibus admirationem reliquerit. Cujus effigies ]
fratrem ejus seniorem Johannem Greenhill, ad viv
delineata^ aerique cila (incisa) spectanda hie propc
tur ; anno setatis praefat. Henrici vicesimo, annp<
Domini 1667." A sphere before him; h. sk.
He was brother to Greenhill the painter, of whom there is f
account in the next Class.
NATURALISTS, &c.
ROBERTUS BOYLE, Armiger. Faithormadvh
del. et fecit, h. sh.Jine. There is a copy of this by 1
dati, 4to.
The honourable Robert Boyle. R. W. (White
Before his " Sei^aphic Love;'' 9^vo.
The honourable Robert Boyle ; copied from
former. M. Vander Gucht sc. Before the " Epit
of his Philosophical Works" by Bolton.
Robert Boyle. R. A. 8vo.
Robert Boyle. Kerseboom; B. Baron.
Robert Boyle. Du Chesne.
OF ENGLAND. 283
«
Robert Boyle ; mezz. Faber.
Robert Boyle ; mezz. Miller.
Robert Boyle ; mezz. Kerseboom ; J. Smithy 1689.
Robert Boyle. G. Vertm sc. In Birch's
^ Lives:'
Robert Boyle. Kerseboom; G.Vertue; 4to.
Robert Boyle; Ato. Kerseboqm; Schenck exc.
Robert Boyle, who was born the same year in which Lord
Bacon died, seems to have inherited the penetrating and inquisitive
genius of that illustrious philosopher. We are at a loss which to
admire most, his extensive knowledge, or his exalted piety. These
excellences kept pace with each other : but the former never car-
ried him to vanity, nor the latter to enthusiasm. He was himself
The Christian virtuoso which he ha? described.* Religion never sat
more easy upon a man, nor added greater dignity to a character.
He particularly applied himself to chymistry ; and made such dis-
coveries in that branch of science, as can scarce be credited upon
less authority than his own. His doctrine of the weight and spring
of the air, a fluid on which our health and our very being depend,
gained him all the reputation he deserved. He founded the theo-
logical lecture which bears his name. Some of the preachers of 'it
have outdone themselves, in striving to do justice to the piety of
the founder.t Ob. 30 Pec. 1691, M. 65.
ROBERT PLOT, LL. D. a whole length. In the
'* Oxford Almanack for 1749;" in which there is a view of
Magdalen Hall ; the figure is the last of the right hand
* See bis book under that title.
t As personal weight seems to have, at least, as powerful an effect upon man-
Lind, in matters of religion, as the weight of reason and argument ; I would ask this
hort question : How many of the Freethinkers are required to outweigh a Bacon,
i Bojle, and a Newton 3 . and how many of their books, the Boyleian lectures ?
284 BIOGRAPHICAL HISTORY
group y next to Edward Leigh y esq. who is represented
writing. The print was engraved by Vertue.
Robert Plot, professor of chymistry, and chief keeper of the
Ashmolean Museum, in the university of Oxford, secretary of the
Royal Society, Mowbray herald extraordinary, and register of the
court of honours, was one of the most learned and eminent philo-
sophers and antiquaries of his age. He is best known to the world
as author of the ** Natural Histories of Oxfordshire and Stafford-
shire;" the first of which was published in 1677, and the latter in
1686. Whatever is visible in the heavens, earth, and waters;
whatever is dug out of the ground, whatever is natural or vmui-
tural; and whatever is observable in art or science; were the ob-
jects of his speculation and inquiry. Various and dissimilar as
his matter is, it is in general well connected ; and his transitions tn
are easy. His books, indeed, deserve to be called the naturd id
and artificial histories of these counties. He, in the eagerness and
rapidity of his various pursuits, took upon trust, and committed
to writing, some things, which, upon mature consideration, he ,
must have rejected. Pliny, who wrpte what he believed to be true,
though too, often assumed upon the credit of others, has been called
a liar, because he knew nothing of experimental philosophy ; and
Dr. Plot, because he did not know enough of it. Besides the two
capital works above mentioned, he published ** Tentamen Philoso-
phicum de Origine Fontium,*' 1685, 8vo. and several pieces in the
'* Philosophical Transactions." He died the 30tb of April, 1696.
SIR KENELM DIGBY, knight, chancellor to the
queen-mother, aged 62. Near th^ heady on a shelf,
are jive books ^ with the following titles: ^^ Plants;'
*^ Sympathetic Powder;'' " Receipts in Cooker fy
'' Receipts in Physic ;' Sgc. '' Sir K. Digby of Bodies:
T* Cross sc, 12mo, See the reign of Charles I.
G
fi
JOHN EVELYN, esq'. " Meliora retinete;' ^c,
R. Nanteuil del. et sc. large cloak with buttons. With-
i*
OF ENGLAND. 285
t his name. It is called i?i the French catalogues of
intSj '^ Le petit Miloi^d Anglois ;"* This has been
pied twice at least : the copy, by Worlidge, is prefixed
the third edition of his " Sculptura ;" in 9>vo. 1759,
JOHN EVELYN, esq. Gay wood ad vivum del. etf.
554.
John Evelyn. Caldwall^ 1800. In Dr. Thorntoris
Sexual System'*
John Evelyn, the English Peiresc, was a gentleman of as uni-
rsal knowledge as any of his time ; and no man was more open
id benevolent in the communication of it. He was particularly
illed in gardening, painting, engraving, architecture, and medals;
K)n all which he has published treatises. His book on the last
these sciences, is deservedly in esteem ; but is inferior to that
' Mr. Obadiah Walker on the same subject. His translation of
An Idea of the Perfection of Painting," written in French by
oland Freart, and printed in 12mo. 1668, is become very scarce,
is " Sculptura, or the History and Art of Chalcography, and en-
•aving in Copper," was composed at the particular request of his
lend, Mr. Robert Boyle, to whom it is dedicated.f But his great
ork, is his <* Sylva; or a Discourse of Forest-Trees, and the Pro-
* Evelyn was seriously offended, as appears from his Sculpiurat at this title in
renchywhich signifies nothing more bat " An English Gentleman in little ;'* it ought
Dt to have given any offence. — Lord Hailes.
t It were to be wished, that we had an improved edition of this book, and that
le several accounts ojf prints were ranged according to the different schools of the
ainters.f Such an arrangement of the works of various engravers, would be of the
ame use in leading the curious to the knowledge of other branches of painting, as
collection of heads is in introducing them to th^t of portrait. — As there is a
bong party on the side. of dissipation, ignorance, and folly, we should call in
•uxiliaries of every kind to the aid of science ) and those are not the roost contemp-
ible that mix pleasure with instruction, by feeding the eye, and informing the
oind at the same time. I have already pointed out a method of ranging such
■ X See an account of the schools in De Piles's " Lives of the Painters,*' or before
*»« ** JEdcs WalpoliansB."
286 BIOGRAPHICAL HISTORY
pagation of Timber/* &c. which was the first book that was pab-
lished by order of the Royal Society.* He tells us, in the second
edition of that valuable work, that it had been the occasion of
planting two millions of timber trees. The author, who resided
chiefly at Says Court, near Deptford, had one of the finest gardens
in the kingdom, and was one of the best and happiest men in it
prints as may serve to illustrate the topography and history of oar conntiy.t I
shall here add a few more hints, which may be of us^ to 9och as make geneitl
collections ; and first.
Concerning English Heads.
The collector should have a considerable number of portfolios, or vdomes of
blank paper, of the imperial size, bound with guards or slips betwixt each leaf, to
give room. From the time of Mary, he may allot a volame at least to each reigii4
and place one or more heads in a leaf. It is osoal to cut off the borders of the
prints as far as the plate goes. The manuscript additions to the ioscriptions raaj
be written on the portfolios, or on pieces of paper cut to the size of each print If
the heads are placed loose in the portfolios, in order to be occasionally slufted, it
will be convenient to fasten the lids with strings before, and at each end.
A Method of ranging a general Collection of Natural History.
Class I. Quadrupeds ; and at the head of these the horse.} To this class may be
subjoined prints of hunting, and such dead game as properly belong to it.
Clai»s II. Birds ; and at the bead of them the eagle. These may be followed by
prints of fowling, and dead game.
Class III. Fishes ; and at the head of them the whale.
Class IV. Serpents ; and at the head of them the cockatrice.
Class V. Insects ; and at the head of them the scorpion.||
Class VI. Vegetables ; to which may be added fruit and flower pieces.
Class VII. Shells, and- other inanimate marine productions.^
Class VIII. Fossils and minerals — Such as are of an anomalous kind, are re-
ducible to their kindred species.**
Iloroan antiquities may be ranged according to the method of Montfaucon ; and
mixed subjects may be disposed alphabetically.
• " Letters of Abraham Hill," &c. p. 108.
t See the reign of James I. Class X. article Hoefnaole.
J Some reigns, if the collection be large, will require several volumes.
§ According to Aldrovandus.
II Some place the scorpion among the insects, and others among the serpents. See
Dr. Newton's '• Milton," 4to. vol. ii. p. 253, notes.
f Corals and corallines should be placed in the class of vegetables, according lo
Touruefort, &c. but Mft Ellis has written an essay to prove, that the latter are pro-
duced and inhabited by the marine polypes.
•* This method was projected by the author before he knew any thing of Lmnseos,
tu whose works the reader is referred for the best arrangement of every kind of
natural productions.
H^i^:,^^
y^,L
/"-"
c>«/.
;.„- 1
JU'&s&^l;^
' \VR.Aa.
r^™ ].d.y /
VfOO Y»fkHi
luiiWai
Strn.^^
OF ENGLAND. 287
He lived to a good, but not a useless old age, and long enjoyed
the shade of those flourUhiog trees which himself had planted.
0&. 27 Feb. 1705-6, £l. 86. See Class X.
SACOB BOBART, the elder. D. Loggan del. M,
■ghers sc. The print, which is a quarto of the
■gest size, is Iwtter engraved than ani/ portrait by
hers that I have sceti. It is extremely scarce.
leath the head, which is dated 1675, is this distich:
** Thou German prince of plants, each year to thee
.I'housands of subjects grant a subsidy."
klACOB BoBART; in fl garden, whole length; goat,
'',^c. 4iv.
I Jacob Bobart; in an oval; 4to. W. Richardson.
Jacob Bobart, a German, whom Dr. Plot styles an cicellent gar-
I iaier and botanist, was, by the Earl of Dauby, founder of the pbysio
n at Oxford, appointed the first keeper of it. He was autboc
I of '.'Catalogus Plantarum Hortl Medici OxonieuMs, scil. Latino-
' Anglicus et Anglico-Latinus," Oxon. 1648; 8to. One singularity
I have hoard of him from a gentleman of unquestionable veracity,
fliat, on rejoicing days, he used to have his beard tagged with silver.
The same gentleman informed me, that there is a portrait of him in
Ae possession of one of the corporation at Woodstock. He died
Ae 4th of February, 1679, in the Slst year of his age. He had
two sons, Tillemant and Jacob, who both belonged to the physic-
garden. It appears that the latter succeeded him in his office,*
. * X}r. ^cbaiy Giej, io liii notes upon " Hudibraa," vol. i. p. l^H, gives u> (be
g Htecdote of Jacob Bobart, tbe ion. He mjb: "Mr. Smith, of Bedford,
• (o me, on tbe ootd dnigon, ■■ followi. Mr. Jacob Ilobirt, liolanj pru.
irt cf Oifoid, (iid, about fan; ;«an ago, fiod ■ dead lal in the pbysic-garden,
i vlaeb lie made to rewmble tbe common pictnre of dragons, b; allciing its bead aud
it I mucb question hU being botaoj-pTofesior, which office has somelime! been
^mfbonded with that of tbe deeper of the phjsic-garden. See Wood's " Fasti."
Ip. 109. 178-
288 BIOGRAPHICAL HISTORY
ROBERT TURNER, &c. 8vo.
RoBERTUS Turner, nat. Holshott, &c. a head in
a small round; underneath are two men, who seem to be
setting the collar-bone of a third. The print is before
his translation of Friar Moultron's *' Complete Bom'
setter''
This person was author of an Herbal, written much in the same
manner with that of Culpeper, and published in octavo, 1664. It
is entitled, " BOTANOAOriA, the British Physician, or the Na-;
ture and Virtue of English Plants." He calls himself in the title,
Botanolog. Stud. His head is prefixed to this book. Robert
Lovell was contemporary with Turner, and a botanist of superior
note. He was author of " llAMBOTANOAOriA, sive Enchiri-
dion Botanicum, or a Complete Herbal." The second edition of it
was printed in 12roo. 1665.* Morison, Plukenet, and Ray, were
very eminent for botany in this reign.
SAMUEL GILBERT, florist. R. White sc. (1682.)
12mo.
Samuel Gilbert was author of " The Florist's Vade Mecum, be-
ing a choice Compendium of whatever is worthy of Notice thathatR
been extant for the propagation, raising, planting, increasing, and
preserving, the rarest Flowers and Plants/* &c. the third edition of
which was printed in the reign of Anne. He was son-in-law to
Rea, the publisher, or rather author, of the " Flora." This part of
gardening has been greatly improved since Gilbert's lime. MilleTi
in his " Gardener's Dictionary," and Dr. Hill, in his " Eden," have
tail, and thrusting in taper sharp sticks, \rhich distended the skin on each side tiU
it mimicked wings. He let it dry as hard as possible. The learned immediately
pronounced it a dragon ; and one of them sent an accurate description of it to
Dr. Magliabechi, librarian to the grand Duke of Tuscany ; several fine copies of
verses were wrote on so rare a subject; but at last Mr. Bobart owned the cheat y
however, it was looked upon as a masterpiece of art ; and, as such, deposited in the
museum, or anatomy-school, where I saw it some years after."
* At page 514 is an index, iwhich may be useful to such as would know the b^^
of botany at this time.
OF ENGLAND. 26d
itten copioasly on the cultivation of flowers. Bradley hat also
itten on this subject.
JOHANNES PETTUS, eques auratus: "Hie ta-
!ii8y illic scribens; alibi loquens, agens, patiens:
5. 57. W. Sherwin sc. h. sh.
»»
Sir John Pettus, of Suffolk, kn*. oue of the de-
aly-govemors of the mines-royal, &c. JEi. 70, 1681.
I. White sc. k. sh.
There is a portrait of him at Lord Sandys's, at Ombersley, in
'^orcestershire.
Sir John Pettus, of Chestou-hall, in Suffolk, was member of par-
iment for Dunwicb, in that county, in the reign of Charles IL He
as author of " Fodinse Regales ; or the History, Laws, and Places
" the chief Mines and Mineral Works in England and Wales, and
le English Pale in Ireland ; and also of the Mint and Money ;
ith a Clavis, explaining some difficult Words relating to Mines,**
c. Lond. 1670 ; fol. He wa^ also author of ^* England's Inde-
sndency on the Papal Power/' &c. Lond. 1674 ; 4to« ** Volatiles
cm the History of Adam and Eve," printed at London the same
sar; 8vo. << Of the Constitution of Parliaments," Lond. 1680;
ro. and of " Fleta Minor, or the Laws of Art and Nature, in know-
ig, judging, assaying, fining, refining, and enlarging the bodies of
Dnfined Metals ; in two Parts ; translated from the German of La-
ims Ereckens, Assay-master-general of the Empire of Germany,"
683 ; fol. He gave it the title of '< Fleta Minor," because he
"anslated it in the Fleet. His head is prefixed to this book.
MISCELLANEOUS AUTHORS.
THOMAS HOBBES, nobilu Anglus.
t
Thomas Hobbes, Malmsburiensis ; three verses
rom Juvenal ; %vo.
▼ox. V. 2 p
290 BIOGRAPHICAL HISTORY -
Thomas Hobbes ; a small oval, in the title to his
''Homer;'' 1677.
Thomas Hobbes, JEf. 76. Faithorne sc. Round the
Gval are these words^ " En quam modice habitat " PAi-
losophia /' Ato. I have seen this before his Latin worh^
in Svo.
Thomas Hobbes, JEt. 76. Clarke sc. copied from
Faithorne.
Thomas Hobbes, JEt. 92.* Bapt. Caspar pin.viL
Hollar f h. sh.'\
9f
There is a head of him before his '* Memorable Sayings.'
His portrait, said to have been painted by Dobson, is at the
Grange^ in Hampshire.
Soon after the restoration. Cooper, the celebrated limner, is said
to have been employed to draw his portrait for the king, who kept
it in his closet. But Sorbiere tells us, that '* his majesty shewed
him a copper cut of his picture, in his closet of natural and mecha*
nical curiosities, and asked him if he knew the face V*X The print
here spoken of was doubtless that engraved by Faithorne, as that
by Hollar was done several years after the death of Sorbiere. The
other heads of him appear to be copies from these two. Mr. Wood
informs us, that his picture was in such esteem in France, that the
virtuosi of that country came as it were on pilgrimages to see it,
Thomas Hobbes, a man of much learning, more thinking, and
not a little knowledge of the world, was one of the most celebrated,
and admired authors of his age. His style is incomparably better
* This date was afterward added. Hobbes was not so old when the plate was
engraved.
t Hollar, in a letter addressed to Mr. Aubrej, which is now in Ashmole's Museum,
tells him, '*that he shewed this print to some of his acquaintance, who said it was
Terj like ; but Stent, says he, has deceived me, and maketh demur to have it of roe,
as that at tliis present my labour seemelh to be lost ; for it lieth by me.'^ This ap-
pdtfs to bafie been with a view of beating down the price. Stent was a printscllcr,
and is well known to have greatly underrakied the labours oCHoUar.
t Sorbierfc's ** Voyage to England," p. 39.
OF ENGLAND. 991
hwn that of an]^ other writer in the reign of Charles L and was, for
H uncommon strength and purity, scarcely equalled in the suor
ceding reign. He has, in translation, done Thucydides as much
nitice as he has done injury to Homer : but he looked upon him-
wlf as bom for much greater things than treading in the foot^
rteps of his predecessors. He was for striking out new paths in
Kience, government, and religion ; and for removing the land-
narks of former ages. His ethics have a strong tendency to cor-
aiptour morals, and his politics to destroy that liberty which is the
birthright of every human creature. He is commonly represented
U a sceptic in religion, and a dogmatist in philosophy ; but he was
a dogmatist in both. The main principles of his '[ Leviathan'* are
H little founded in moral or evangelical truth, as the rules he laid
down for squaring the circle are in mathematical demonstration.
Big book on human nature is esteemed the best of his works. Ob,
<Jkc.l679,JEt.92*
SIR WILLIAM TEMPLE. P. Lely p. J. Hou-
^aken sc. In the collection of John Temple^ esj.
^bat. Head.
The three Graces are represented in the ornaments belonging to
**• portrait.f
"few authors have been more read, or more justly admired, than
r William Temple. He displays his great knowledge of books
^d men in an elegant, easy, and negligent style, much like the lan-
t^e of genteel conversation. His vanity often prompts him to
>Qak of himself; but he and Montaigne are never more pleasing
lan when they dwell on that difficult subject. It is a happy cir-
ttnstance for his readers, that so polite and learned a writer was-
^ It is well known tbat Hobbes was macb pleased with the foUoni^og epitaph,
^ich was made for him a considerable time befora his death : .
This is t^e FHiLOSorHER's Stonx.
^• FtiUer, who was a punster, woald doubtless have been pleased with the next :
Here lies Fuller's Earth.
ikt this was made after his decease. Both are so much in the same style as <6
Kider it prpbable that they were bj the same hand.
t " He was (says Mr. Melmoth) the first of our prose aoUiors Vrho inUodoced a
^ceful manner into our language.
2f92i' BIOGRAPHICAL HISTORY
also a vain one : they are great gainers by this foible. He is s
times inaccuratif; but hb inaccuracies escape us unseen, or are
little attended to. We can easily forgive a little incorrectnc
drawing in the paintings of a Correggio, when there is so i
beauty and grace to atone for it.* Ob, Jan. 1698, JEt. 70.
Class V.
ALGERNOON SIDNEY or (Sydney), in arm
looking to the right ; 4to. mezz.
Algernoon Sidney, esq. J. Smith exc. Ato.
Algernoon Sidney, in ai^mour ; oval,
Algernoon Sidney, with his motto.
a
Manus heec inimica tyrannis
Ense petit placida sub Ubertate quieteni.''
fief ore his " Discourses on Government ^ folio^
Algernoon Sidney. Picart sculp, dir. 1724;
Algernoon Sidney ; beheaded 1683. Savagi
In the same plate with seven others ; large h. sh.
Algernon Sidney, esq. M. 70 (61), 1682 (16$
oval; mourning achievement ; h. sh.
Algernon Sidney, who saw and deplored the abuses of i
power, w^ote much, and, as some think, much to the purpose
republican government. He did not only write from his judgn
he also wrote fi'om his heart ; and has informed his reader of '
* As we are apt implicitly to adopt, and tenaciously to retain the errors of
authors, it should be observed here, that Sir William Temple, at p. 249 of his
troduction to the History of England," speaks of the abolition of the trial ofc
fight, or duel, by William the Conqueror. This is a great mistake; for he ii
duced it, as appears in the glossary to Kennet's " Parochial Antiquities," undei
article Bbllum DuELLUM. See what Nicolson, in his " English Historical
brary," says of Temple's introduction to our national history.
OF ENGLAND. 298
le feltf as "well as what he knew. He was so far from thinking
feastance unlawful, that he actually entered into babals for restraih-
uig the exorbitances of the crown. He was tried and condemned
for conspiring the death of the king, by a packed jury and an in-
ftmous judge.* Only one witness appeared against him, but his
papers on government were deemed equivalent to another. He had
in these asserted, that power is delegated from the people to the
prince, and that he is accountable to them for the abuse of it. This
was not only looked upon as treason,but blasphemy against vicegeren^^
of the great Governor of the world. Though he was haughty and
overbearing in his behaviour, perhaps none in this reign died more
lamented, except the good and popular Lord Russel. He was
regarded as the second martyr to patriotism. He was executed
Dec. 7, 168.3, See the Interregnum, Class V.
MARTIN CLIFFORD. M. Vandergucht sc. In the
octavo edition of Cowley^ s Works.
Martin Clifford, master of the Charter-house, was educated at
Westminster School, and thence elected to Trinity College, Cam-
bridge, 1640. He was a man of parts and a polite scholar, and
lived in great intimacy with most of the wits of this reign. Dr. Sprat
bas dedicated to him his " Life of Cowley," who was their common
friend. He was author of a " Treatise on Human Reason,"! and
Was one of those who were said to have a hand in " The Rehearsal,"
to which these verses in the " Session of the Poets" allude :
'* Intelligence was brought, the court being sat.
That a play tripartite was very near made.
Where malicious Matt. Clifford, and spiritual Sprat,
Were join'd with their duke, a peer of the trade.'
11
• Jefferies*
t This treatise, which occasioned the publication of several pamphlets, came forth
in May, 1674. " It happened that Dr. B. Laney, bishop of Ely, dined with many
persons of quality, in October following, in the Charter-house ; and whether he then
knew that Mart. Clifford, the master, was author of.it, is uncertain. However, he
being then asked what he thought of that book, answered, that *twai no matter if all
tht eopiei wern-^mt, and the author with them ; knowing by what he had read in
the book, that the autlior makes every man's private fancy judge of religion, which
the Roman Catholics have for these hundred years cast upon protestantism. (
X-
X ** Atlien. Oxon. ii. col. 521. It wasreprinted in the " Plioenix j" 8vo. No. XXX.
294 BIOGRAPHICAL HISTORY
He is here and elsewkere called Matt. Cliffiofd ; but his iiame wis
undoubtedly Martin.*
HADRIANUS BEVERLANDUS, M. 26. J. D.
Voisp. J.V. Munnikhuifse sc. h. sh.
Adrian Beverland and his wife (or
C. D. Vols Lugd. p. Becket exc. h. sh. mezz.
Hadrianus Beverland ; inscribed, " Viro peril-
lustri Hadriano Beverlando, numismatum, insectarum,
cochlearum, picturanim rariorum, vindici, statori.
Hanc tab. a Sim. du Bois delin. L. M. Q. C." J. Becket
f. monuments^ statues, pyramids^ «§•(:. large h. sh.
Adrian Beverland and his mistress; inscribed,
" Peccatum Originale ;" h. sh. mezz.
I have seen the name of John, earl of Rochester, on this print
MoNS^ Beverland, J. U. Q. D. " Jugez du reste."
Muyckpinx. W. Sherwinfec. mezz. in an ornamented
border ; large 4to.
There is a portrait of Beverland, by Kneller, in the picture
gallery at Oxford.
Mr. Wood mentions this author, but none of his works ; which,
together with his name, deserve to sink into oblivion. He was a
native of Zealand, and is said to have been banished from his
country for publishing obscene and profane books. His style was
so good, that what was said of Petronius has been applied to him;
" that he is 5cri/?^or purissimce impuritatis" He was author of the
following pieces : " De Peccato Originali : in Horto Hesperidum,
Typis Adami et Evoe, Terrae Fil." 1670; 8vo. This has been
reprinted. ''Problema Paradoxum, de Spiritu Sancto;'' 1678;
• See Wood, vol. ii. col. 804.
OF ENGLAND. 295
ro. ^' De stolatea Virginitatis Jure ;" L. Bat. 1680 ; 8yo. «« De
ornicatione cavenda, Admonitio ;" 1698 ; 8vo. ** De Prostibulis
etenim/' His books are uncommon : several of them were sold
Dr. Mead's sale.* See more of him in ** Dissertatio de Libris
»mbustis/' in " Schelhornii Ameenitates Literarise," Francof. et
ips. 1727 ; 8vo. torn. vii. p. 168 ; and in John Albert Fabricius's
Centuria Plagiarionim," at p. 84 of his ^* Opuscula."
JOHN NORTON; a youths or rather boy, in a
mnd cap or bonnet. Under the prints which is the
*ontispiece to his book, is a Latin and English distich,
^. Sherwin sc. Svo.
John Norton published a book, entitled, " The Scholar's Vade
iecum, or tlie serious Student's solid and silent Tutor ; being a
ranslation of Marcus Antoninus Flaminius out of Latin intoEng-
ihj with some few Alterations therein, by Vaie of Essay. As
80 certain idiomatologic and philologic Annotations on the said
utbor/' 1674; 8vo. He, at the end of his Latin dedication ,t
yles himself Johanniculus Nortonulus, orta Londinensis. His
'incipal aim in this work was to introduce a new mode of spelling,
•unded upon derivation, of which the following words are a speci-
en; aer for air; aql, rather than eagle, from aquila; deie, deis,
aily, from dies ; feith for faith, from fides ; pather for father, from
iter ; paur for poor, from pauper ; inimie for enemy, from inimi-
IS ; hoi for whole, from oXoc ; nome for name, from nomen. It
ppears from this short specimen, that Norton, though enterprising
ad ingenious,^ had not attained that maturity of judgment and
Dmpetency of learning which is necessary for the reformation of a
mguage ; an attempt which is far above a boy, and has ever been
wught a work of too arduous and delicate a nature for any one
uui.§
• Vide «* Bibliotheca Meadiana/' p. 5.
t P. 130.
t Several copies of verses, which are prefixed to his boois, were sent him upon
^ occasion.
i Sheridan, at p. 373 of his "British Education," published in 1756, says, '* We
ive stronger reasons than ever, at this very juncture, to take care that our language
- not wholly destroyed. One arises from a new-fangled custom, introduced by
296 BIOGRAPHICAL HISTORY
CAREW REYNELL, esq. Faithome sc. h. sh.
This gentleman was author of the following book, which gained
him a very considerable reputation : '' The true English Interest;
or an Account of the chief national Improvements, in some political
Observations, demonstrating an infallible Advance of this Nation
to infinite Wealth and Greatness, Trade and Populacy; with Em-
ployment and Preferment for all Persons;" 8vo. 1674. See a more
particular account of this work in the " Philosophical Transactions/'
vol. ix.*
ANDREW SNAPE; inscribed, '' Effigies Author is
M. 38, 1682." R. White del. et sc. h. sh.
Andrew Snape was seijeant-farrier to Charles II. and author of
*' The Anatomy of a Horse," &c. which has been several times
printed in folio, with a considerable number of copper-plates. His
portrait is prefixed to this book. He was father to Dr. Andrew
Snape, principal master of Eton School, who distinguished himseir
in the Bangorian controversy. I find, from a manuscript note
under this head in ^he Pepysian Collection, that one of the family
of Snape has been Serjeant- farrier to the king for three- hundred
years past.
some late authors, of spelling words differently from their wiser predecessors, andi
out of a poor ambition of shewing their learning, omitting and changing several
letters, under pretence of pointing out their derivation. But these gentlemen da
not consider that most of these letters, which seem useless to them upon paper, or
improper, are of the utmost consequence to point out and ascertain tlie pronuncia*
tion of words, which is already in too precarious a state ; so that if this custom
should continue to increase, according to the caprice of every new writer, for a cen*
tury more, the best authors we have, will by that time appear as obsolete, and as
difficult to be read arid understood, as Chaucer is at this day." The same author
proceeds next to censure the *' peniicipus custom," as he calls it, of '* throwing the
accent as far back in our polysyllables as possible.'* He next speaks in very high
and just terms of Dr. Johnson's " Dictionary.'*
* Andrew Yarranton, who had been bred a mercer, and was some time a soldier
in the civil war, published a book on a similar subject wilh this of ReynelJ. It is
entitled, " £ngland*s Improvement by Sea and Land," &c. 1677 ; 4to. It contains
several things well worth the reader's notice. The author, who has given some ac-
count of himself at p. 193, was a very noted projector, and met with great encou-
ragement from 'several persons of dbtinction. Roger Coke, esq. was author of
*' A Discourse of Trade," which'is much commended by Yarranton. J. -Gee's book
on Trade and Navigation is in good esteem.
OF ENGLAND. 297
Before " The complete Horseman and expert Farrier j^
y THOMAS DE GREY, esq. 1670; is an anonymous
juestrian jigure^ which was probably intended for his
ortrait,
STEPHANUS MONTEAGE, mercator Londini,
675. E. le Davis/. Ato.
Stephen Monteage helped greatly to bring into use the excellent
ethod of keeping; accounts by way of debtor and creditor ; by
hich a man clearly sees what he gets or loses by every article of
ade in which he is concerned. His head is prefixed to his '' Debtor
id Creditor made easy/' 1675 ; 4to.
JOHANNES MAYNE, philo. accompt M. Mar-
m? sc.
John Mayne, with long hair, and divided on the
irehead. The plate was afterward altered; the hair
ver the right shoulder shortened, and made more bushy
*i the forehead, &;c.
This person was author of a book entitled^ ^' ClavisComipercia-
i/* 1674; Svb. before which is his portrait. He was also author
'a " Treatise of Arithmetic," 1675; 8vo. in which he tells the
ader, that the part which treats of the measuring of solids, namely,
le.prismoid, the cylindroid. Sec. is wholly new, and never before
tade public. The author, who taught school in Southwark, whe^^
VbT he were the inventor, which he seems to have been, or only the
iprover of this branch of the mathematics, deserves to be rescued
Ml oblivion.
NOAH BRIDGES ; four English verses, inscribed
5. W. (George Wither) ; neatly engraved by Faithome.
Noah Bridges was author of '^ Lux Mercatoria : Arithmetic na«
■ndand decimal, digested into a more easy and exact Method for
Vol. v. 2 Q
298 BIOGRAPHICAL HISTORY
resolving. the most practical and usefbl Questions, than have been
yet published;'' Lond. 1661. His head is before this book* See
the division of the Writingmasters in the Interregnum.
JAMES HODDER, writingmaster. Gaywood f.
sir verses; l2mo. in an oval of leaves and ornaments.
*' He that more of thine excellence would know/' &c.
James Hobder ; square^ 12mo. sijc verses as above.
Gaywood fecit.
James Hodder was author of two treatises of arithmetic ; the one
vulgar, and the other decimal. The former of these was in so easy
a metbody that, in a few years, it became the most general book of
the kind ever published. The twelfth edition, revised by More, who
was usher and successor to Hodder, was printed in 1678. He was
author of the " Penman's Recreation;" 12mo. 1659 ; to which his
head is prefixed.
• r
ROBERT CHAMBERLAINE ; holding a pen;
shoulder-knot; 8vo.
" Ingenuous* Chamberlaine, brave soul, see here
In his effigies. He makes appear.
That can't withstand his wisdom, pains, €md skill,.
Which puzzled ages past. Numbers now will
Triumph in their fam'd patron Chamberlaine,
Whose art 'yond all, makes things abstruse most plain."
W. Binneman sc. 8vo.
The r/tyme under this head is so very wicked, that I could not
transcribe it with a safe conscience. It is inserted, because I have,
no other, account of the person. He seems to have been author of
a book of arithmetic, to which the print was a frontispiece. Printed
for John Clark, at Mercers'-chapel, Cheapside, 1679; and dedi-
cated to Lord Kilmurray and Thomas Shaw, esq. He appears to
have published " The Accomptant's Guide, or Merchant's Book-
• ' ' ' . . ■ •' ' ■
♦SicOrig.
OF ENGLAND. 2d9
eeper/' with tables of various kinds ; printed for the same person,
ee Granger's ** Letters/' p. 170.
SIR WILUAM WOOD, M. 82. R. Clamp. In
iardings '^Biographical Mirrour ;" from the original
t the Toxopholite Societrfs room.
SiE William Wood, marshal to the regiment of
rchers ; long beard; Ato. metz.
I never saw this print but in Mr. Pepys's collection. Maitland
Us us, in his " History of London/* that the title of 5ir was given
• William Wood as a compliment of his brethren archers by way
' pre-eminence for his dexterity in shooting. He was author of a
K>k with the following title : " The Bowman's Glory ; or Archery
mved, giving an Account of the many signal Favours vouch-
ifed to Archers and Archery, by King Henry VIIL James, and
harles L &c. by William Wood." 1682.» He lies buried in the
lurch of St. James, Clerkenwell. This is part of his epitaph :
««
Sir William Wood lies very near this stone,
In's time, of archery excelled by none :
Few were hisjeqaals ; and this noble art
Hath suffered now in the most tender part/' &c.
Ob, Sep. 4, 1691, JEt. 82. See Harding's " Biographical Mir
aur."
ASTROLOGERS, &c.
WILLIAM LILLY, student in astrology. T. Cross
X. small. The head now before me is in the title to his
ilmanackfor the year 1678.
. Lilly's Aiinanack, which maintained its reputation for a long
'Qurse of years, seems to have been one of those books which were
lK>ught necessary for aU families, I can easily imagine that the
Athor scarce evei; went into the house of a mechanic where he did
'ot see it lying upon the same shelf with "The Practice of
'iety," and " The Whole Duty of Man.*'
* The reader ma^ see more coiicerning archery in Afcham'f " Toxopliilus."
302 BIOGRAPHICAL HISTORY
Henry Coley ; an anonymous head, in a plain
neckcloth with the signs of the zodiac about it. I tab
this heady which is well engraved, to be the same whkl
is mentioned by Mr. Walpole, at p. 108 of his " Caior
iogtie of Engravers,'" second edit, under the artkk of
Robert White. There is an octavo print of hi%
different from this, with Whitens name to it.
Henry Coley, ^^ teacher of mathematicks f i»
an oval.
Mr. Wood informs us, that Coley was a tailor by trade, and tbei
dopted son of Lilly,* who made him a present of the thirty-sixth
impression of his " Ephemeris." This was continued by the
for many years :
— *' Sequiturqae patrem non passibus aequis."
His principal work is his '* Key to the whole Art of Astrology,"
which there is an improved edition, called " A Key to the whc
Art of Astrology new filed." He took care to inform the worW
that he lived in Baldwin's-court, Gray's-Inn-lane, over against]
the Hole in the Wall, where he was much resorted to as an astro-j
loger, a fortune-teller, and a caster of urine.
JOHANNES MIDDLETON, Philomath ; a hmi
in an octagon frame, over which are the sun, moon)^
and stars.
This mean-looking figure appears more like a country felM
who comes to have his fortune told, than an astrologer and fortu
teller. He was, however, the author of a book of astrology, p
lished in 1679, 8vo. to which is prefixed his head.
RICHARDUS SAUNDERS, student in pliysi
* The custom of adopting sons had long obtanied among astrologers and chvDBH
It has been mentioned before, under the article of Blacrave.
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-''■-m^^: : .- ,.. -■■■ ■•■ ^*^:%-
• .VJ:V?:^=^> >■■■ •.;^:>. .;. -.. .:■■%
:T? a.-. - ■ ; •■■*r?". i-ru: ■ ■.-■■'■ -^^
''• . -?«.Xj: ..•",■ .-J i- ■ . ■■ ■ "s ft.-y
V.««« (, WA'../.^rf...N-jy)^^^J
OF ENGLAND. 303
ology, 1677; a book in his right hand; his
celestial globe. .
iRD Saunders. T. Cross. Prefixed to his
gnomy^ fol.
LED Saunders ; fol. sia? verses.
Sannders was author of *' The Astrological Jodgment
36 of Physicky deduced from the Position of the Heavens
anbitaire of the sick Person: wherein the fundamental
bereof are most clearly displayed and laid open : shew-
umtersal method^ not only the Cause, but the' Cure and
manner of Diseases incident to human Bodies, d^. being
feaiis Practice and Experience of Richard Saunders, Stu-
ysick and Astrology;*' 1677 ; 4to. His portrait is before
. He was also author of a folio on physiognomy, chiro-
iles, dreams, &c. of which various extracts and abridg-
:e been made, and sold by the hawkers. Physiognomy
oancy were more respected in the reign of Charles XL
have been since : they were then regarded as next in
their sbter Astrology.*
VNNES HEYDON, eques, &c. Nat. 1629.
9C. Before his " Holy Guide;' 1662 ; 12mo.
thorhad ho right to the title of eques,
KN£s RBYBoif^.&c. Sherwin so. l2mo.
NNES Heydon ; a small bt$stj with ornaments,
ngraved ; over the head is this inscription^ in a
'el jn has, in his " Numismata/' given ns a long chapter upon physiog-
: first book of chiromancy ever printed in England was published by
arton, in 1652, octavo, and dedicated to Mr. Asbmole. It is a traosla-
e Latin of John Rothraan, M. D.
304 BIOGRAPHICAL HISTORY
label ; " Heydon's* Way to Happiness, in Nature,
Reason, and Philosophy f Svo.
John Heydon, with arms, 8gc. W. Richardson.
John Heydon, who sometimes assumed the name of Eugenius
Theodictatusy was a great pretender to skill in the Rosicrucian
philosophy and the celestial. sciences. There is something truly
original in his books ; and he appears to have far out-canted all
the rest of his brethren. His chymical and astrological works are
numerous : but I shall pass oyer that in which he bas made '' A
Discovery of the true Coelum Terr," and that which contains " The
occult Power of the Angels of Astronomy in the Telesmaticalt
Sculptures of the Persians and £g3rptians ;** and several others
equally extraordinary; and transcribe only two of their titles, name-
ly, ** The English Physician's Guide, or the holy Guide ; leading
the Way to know all Things past, present, and to come; to resolve
all manner of Questions,cure all Diseases; leading the Way to Virtue,
Art, and Nature, and to the golden Treasures of Nature by Transmu-
tation; witb the Rosie Cross uncovered, and the Places, Temples^
holy Houses,Castles, and invisible Mountains of the Brethren dis-
covered and communicated to the World, for the full Satisfaction of
Philosophers, Alchymists, &c. all in six Books, with a small Chy-
mical Dictionary ;'' Lond. 1662 ; 8vo. ^' Hammeguleb Hampan-
neah ; or the Rosie Crucian Crown,t set with seven Angels, seven
Planets, seven Genii, twelve Signs, twelve Ideas, sixteen Figures; and
their occult Powers upon the seven Metals, and their miraculous
Virtues in Medicines ; with the perfect and full Discovery of the
Pantarva and Elexirs of Metals, prepared to cure Diseases : where-
unto is added Eihauareuna presorio, Regio Lucis et Psonthon ;''
Lond. 1665 ; 8vo. — ^The author, who has given us the outlines of
his character, in the title-pages of his books, was much resorted to
by the Duke of Buckingham ; who, like the godless regent mention-
ed by Mr. Pope, was much infatuated with judicial astrology. He
employed Heydon to calculate the king's and his own nativity ; and
was assured that his stars had promised him great things. He was
also employed by the duke in some treasonable and seditious prac-
* His name was sometimes written Haydon.
t Hejdon, if he meant any thing by this word, meant tdHsmamcalm
X This title is taken from the second book.
*
OF ENGLAND. 305
ices, for whieh he was sent to the Tower, where he was more
^onoutably lodged than he had ever been before.* He lost much
*f his former reputation, by tellmg Richard Cromwell andThurloe,
^ho went to him disguised like cavaliers, that Oliver would infalli-
•ly be hanged by a certain time, which he outlived several years.
le married the widow of Nicholas Culpeper, and succeeded to
aUch of his business.
JOViNy commonlt/ called JACK ADAMS ;t i^ ^
^antastic dresSy with a tobacco-pipe at his girdle, stand-
ng at a table, on which lie a horn-book and Poor Ro-
unds Almanack. On one shelf is a single row of books ;
vnd on another several boys' play-things, particularly
lops, marbles, and a small drum. Before him is a man
genteelly dressed, presenting five pieces ; from his mouth
proceeds a label thus inscribed : " Is she a Princess?''
This is meant for Carleton, who married the pretended
German princess. Behind him is a ragged slatternly
\ooman, who has also a label at her mouth with these
cords: " Sir, can you tell my fortune T' At the bottom
s a satirical inscription in barbarous Latin, or rather
English with Latin terminations, addressed to Adams,
"yjko is styled " Jacko Cumiingmanissimo,'' Sgc. ^c.
W. Sherwin) 8w. rare.
This curious print is copied by Caulfield and Thane,
Jack Adams, professor of the celestial sciences at ClerkenwelU
Teen, was a blind buzzard that pretended to have the eyes of an
agle. He was chiefly employed in horary questions, relative to
^ve and marriage; and knew, upon proper occasions^ how to
obthe the passions and flatter the expectations of those who con-
* " There was a poor fellow, says Lord Clarendon, who had a poorer lodging,
bout Tower-hill, and professed skill in horoscopes ; to whom the duke often re-
^t^ in disguise, &c." Tliis poor fellow, as appears from Carte's ** Life of the
^ke of Orniond,*' was Hey don. See the ** Cuntin. of Lord Clarendon's Life."
t This print may be placed here, or in the twelfth class.
Or. V. 2 R
If
306 BIOGRAPHICAL HISTORY
suited liim ; as a hian might Lave had much better Tortune from
him for five g:uincas tban foe the same number of shillings. He
affected a singular dress, and cast his horoscopes with great bo-
lemnity. When he fiiiled in his predictions, he declared that the
stars did not absolutely force, but powerfully incline; and threw
the blarae upon wayward and perverse fate: be maiatained that
their teodency was iutrinsically right, when they iatimated such
things ae were never verified ; and that they were only wrong, as
the hand of a clock made by a skilful workman, when it is moved
forward or backvrard by any external and superior force. He as-
sumed the character of a learned and cunning man ; but was no
otherwise cunning, tban as he knew how to over-reach those cre-
dulous mortals, who were as willing to be cheated as he was to
cheat them, and who relied implicitly upon his art.*
JAMES JULL, astrologer; l2mo.
The mercurialists, physiognomist a, c hi romancers, astrologers,
philomaths, and well-wishers to the mathematics, were more nu-
merous in this reign than they have been at any other period.
There was a large collection of iheir works in the Harleian Library.t
■ Aslrologcts ire cmpit
the credulity of tht peopi
which there was not a calci
by the generalilj of the t
planetary iirfluence »a. .
eipecially iii love affairs.
e at this pt
jlatotofna
ulgar, eslee
lupposed ti
T h»ve he
ing. « a,. ,
r Noi>e
science, as quacks
liviiies, and a caller
J be of Ifao greatei
ard of a -oioan wh
ipoiogy for her ill ci
; can prevent
are in physic. Such dib
of Drine. Some, la theii
,pfcj;«««-,dc«Wog3,-a.,
Id a mert phyiician; and
,t efficacy in hnman life,
.0 nianied verj foolishly,
" r"J "" "" '
.nduc.
It ivai currently repotted among ihe people who beat knew the wifi:, Ibat " tb*
stars also intendtd that the poor husband should be a cucknid." I have said more
than I should ollier»ise have dune on this subject, as I ha»e now before me a
athenie of a nativily, drann up, for aught I know to the eontrary. by Jack Adams.
This alone would scrte for a satire upon astrology.
1 There appeared, in the reign of Chajles II. an almanack under Ibe name of
" Poor Robin, a Well-wisher to the Malhematics." which has been continued for
aboat a century. The author hit the tatte of the common people, wbo were much
delighted «Jth a wit of (heir own leye). Thl. occasioned the publication of a book
of juU under the same name, and in Ihe ttmt relgo.
OF ENi&LANt). 807
THOMAS STAVELEY, Proprsetor Leicestrise. Ob.
Anno 1683, JEtatis sua 67. In Nichols's " History of
Leicestershire.^^
Thomfts Staveley, esq. was bom at East Langton in 1626, atid
after baVing completed his academical education at Peter-house,
Cambridge, was admitted of the Inner Temple, July 2, 1647, and
caHed to the bar June 12, 1654. He married, Dec. 31, 1656^
|[aTy,^e youngest daughter of John Onebye, esq. of Hinckley;
^^ in 1662, succeeded his father-^in-law as steward of the recordu
It Leicester. When he was called to the bar, he practised the law,
and Hved for the greatest part of his tim^ at Belgrave, in the par-
sonage-house there; where, on the 12th of October, 1669, he lost
his lady. In 1674, when the court espoused the (sause of popery,
and the presumptive heir of the crown openly professed himself a
Catholic, he displayed the enormous exactions of the court of
Rome, by publishmg the '^ Romish Horseleech." About six or seven
years before his death he removed to Leicester, and lived in the
great house at the corner of the Friers-lane, near the iSouth-gate,
where he died, Jan. 2d, 1663-4, in his 57th year, and was buried
ib St. Mary's church, in a very solemn manner, the mayor, with the rest
of the twenty-four aldermen and their wives, i5rc. attending his funeral.
Having passed the latter part of his life in the study of English his-
tory, he acquired a melancholy habit ; but was esteemed a diligent,
judicious, and faithful antiquary. Mr« Carte, in a letter to Mr.
Bridges, in May 1722, says, *' The character which I have re-
ceived of Mr. Staveley is, that he was of a middle stflture and thin
body ; that he was given to no vice, was strictly just, abhorred all
manner of fraud or bribery in his practice of the law, was very
rarely observed to be in a passion, being of singular patience under
the highest provocations, and the greatest pains which very severe
fits of the gout exercised with him. He was of a mild, inoffensive
disposition, so that all that knew him had a respect for him : and
as he was very early made a justice of the peace, and of the quorum,
for the county of Leicestershire ; so, notwithstanding the several
changes in t^ reign of Charles the Second, he continued till his
death. The report which you have heard of bis being a Papist
is false, having no otber ground but {hat one dP hil sons did b^
come such : but lis for himself, the only book which he published
in his lifetime might have secured him from such an imputatUHii
viz. * The Eomish Horseleech,' which was i^erlaii^y his, although
308 BIOGRAPRICAL HISTORY
bis name be not set to iU Sereral years after, bis youngest sod,
wbo was rector of Medboom in tbis co«inty, poblished a smaA
treatise, by his fatber, under tbe title of ' Tbree Historical Essays r .
▼iz. 1 . Proves the title of tbe kings of England to tbe crown ofFrance;
and Tacates tbe law saliqoe. 2. Delineates tbe tides o€ tbe bones
of Yfuk and T«ancaster to tbe crown of England ; with tbe gmt*
miscbiefe and chief reasons of tbe alternate successes of &oaa'
titles. 3. Derires tbe title of King Hairy the Serentb, w^ Wr
pedigree and issue. Tbe union of tbe two bouses in bim ; widi&a^
union of tbe two kingdoms in King James ; bow far be proceeded
therein to tbe farther uniting of diem ; and bow far it was prosecuted,
in King Charies tbe Second's time. Written some years since fay.
Thomas Stareky, esq. 1703.' He left also m MS. a ' Histivy of
CbnrcbeSy* which was puUisbed in 1712; and a collection relating
to tbe antiqaides and history of Leicester, of which I bad some dis-.
course with you ; and if you desire an account of die heads of it, I will
draw out one, and send it you. One of his daughters, Mrs. Bra*
dm^ Irres now at Market-Harborougb^ from whom I bad most of
&e particulars above mentioned : and ako die informs me, that
ba £aher was unde and guar£an to tbe late locd-kecper Wrigfate,
and as such bad &e care of his education; wbidi trust be dis-
dmged widi boBour and
AN AUTHORESS.
HANNAH WOOLLEY. Faiikarm f. Svo. The
^ni imprtmms kmm ike mok cf&armk GiUm.
Haxxah Woolltt ; u» tie tiik to ^ The Accom-
pBske^ La£es Hick Closei of Xariiksr
AH WoouLXT ; imam m«/^
s Closet opcsedT u
iMii «D4 km^ bMs puWdied^ w^en
lik» Ctose^-^ wbidh was pieievded t» be
Ae ftnaer. Mis. Waolfey wiofee "^ A
KkftCI(MWI; firatildeoferajTIii^'* Her
OF ENGLAND. 309
Preservingi;"'&c. has been several times printed. It appears
Q * Clavel's Catalogue, that this was published about the same'
e /with ." Digby's Closet opened.'' . Mrs, WooUey was also au-
r^ of ** The Gentlewoman's Companion, or a Guide to the Fe-
evSex ; containing Directions of Behaviour in all Places,. Com-
ies^" &e. This was reprinted in 1674. The above account,
€sh is . taken from Clavel, may be true : but it is not very im-
Uatble that neither the portrait nor the books belonging to Mrs.
iOHey; :and such as are acquainted with the frauds of modem
Icsellers. might be inclined, to think that no such person ever
Bted. — I have heard an old lady, who was very learned in
ikery and its appendant branches of science, say, tliat the au-
ITS who wrote on these subjects generally stole from each other.
A SCOTCH AUTHOR.
THOMAS BINNING, Scotus. R. White sc. Svo,
'< Effigiem spectas ; preestat spectare laborem :
Ingenio pollet ; omnibus arte prsit."
This person, who was a sea-captain, was author of a book of
annery; Lond. 1676; 4t6.
CLASS X.
ARTISTS, &c.
PAINTERS OF HISTORY, &c.
.ROBERT &TBEATER* ipse p. Bannerman sc.
'^ the ^^ Anecdotes of Painting r Ato.
• In "England's RecoVcry, being the History of the Army under tlic conduct of
' Thomas Fairfax," fol. 1647, is an etching by him of the battle of Naseby, in
f> sheets. He has there spelt lib name Streeter.
310 BIOGRAPHICAL HISTORY
Robert Streeter, seijeant-painter to the king, was one dih
most universal of our English artists. He painted history, portfilt,
landscape, and still-life. If he had confined bis talent to ciif
branch only, he would doubtless have arrived at much greator lei^'
cellence tktn he did. Some of his fruit-pieces were deservad^
admired. He painted several ceilings at Whitehall, whicli mri*
destroyed by the fire ; the battle of the giants at Sir Rdlwrf ;
Clayton's; and the chapel at All Souls College, at Oxford. W
principal work is at the theatre in that universityi a perforoMiBoe
altogether unworthy of the architect Ob, 1680, Jii, 66,
VERRIO. Bannerman sc. In the ^^ Anecdotes (>j
Painting;'" Ato.
Antonio Verrio, a Neapolitan, was an artist of more inventioaj
than taste, and of greater expedition than correctness. His pompons,
staircases and his ceilings are popularly esteemed the greatest or-
naments of our villas and palaces. He excelled in painting marble
steps and columns, which he took care to introduce upon every
occasion. He has painted himself at Windsor, in a long periwig,
among the spectators of Christ healing the sick. Oh, 1707.
REMBRANDT VAN RHYN, painter and en-
graver ; natus 1606, ob. 1674.
This print is copied, probably by Worlidge, from the double por-
trait of Rembrandt and his wife. It is prefixed to the catalogue
and description of his etchings, printed for T. Jefferys; 1752;
12mo. See an account of many more portraits of him in that cata-
logue. His head is placed here upon the authority of Vertae,
who informs us that he paiiited at Hull in this reign.* — His portrait,
by himself, is at Bulstrode.
Though Rembrandt excelled as a painter of history and portrait,
and especially in the latter, he is much better known as an engraver.
Some of his prints are deservedly famous for the excellence of the
dare ohscurcy as it is seen in a supposed, or accidental light; othen
are remarkable for the extravagance of that principle. He copied
nature with all its defects, as he saw it in his own country; and
* See the ** Anecdotes of Painting."
OF ENGLAND. 311
1 this he sometimes debased, but seldom rose above it. There
vein of good sense running through most of his works.* His
it of Christ healing the sick, esteemed the most capital of his
iiQgs, sold, some years since, for thirty guineas : his portrait of
Burgomaster Six^ has sold for more. I have been credibly in-
Qed that Mr. Grose, a jeweller, who lived lately at Richmond,
k 130L for five only of his prints, and that they sold for much
«, at the sale of his collection soon after his decease.
liere are upwards of twenty portraits of Rembrandt, etched by
iself.
PORTRAIT PAINTERS.
PETRUS LELY, pictor Caroli II. Magnse Bri-
rniae regis. P. Lely delin. A. de Jode sc, large
ih^ or an ordinary sheet.
Peteus Lelii (Lely), eques, &c. P. Lely p.
Becketf. h. ah. mezz.
PETRtrs Lely, &c. A. sh. mezz. sold hy Smith.
Petrus Lely, &c. Lely p. oval; mezz. h. sh. sold
Browne.
Some of them are extremely capricious ; but we frequently see much more
fw« in the QoIlcGtdrs of bis prints, than In the character of the artist« It is in-
ilble what sums of monej have been paid by connoisseurs for some of the rao&t
Meal of faia performances. These gentlemen are sometimes misled by preju-
e. They have been so accostomcd to use spectacles, as to have kMt the natural
' of their eyes. Men of good sense, though absolutely ignorant of the principles
kMei |)«qaieutly jndge. better ffom the efftett o( the productions of the fine arts,
B others do from rule and custom. The seeds of taste are implanted in mankind
nature. I have seen a country fellow, influenced by mere natural sensibility, as
A struck with the sight of a wooden bust in a hatter's shop-window, as a judge
tfrtmrj would be at the sight of the Belvedere Apollo, or the Venus of Medicis.
^ Miiibilityy corrected tod matured by judgment and exp^ience, is what con*
Nes tnie taste* Sacfa as are void of sentiment, i^iempt in vain to acquire it.
how comparatively mean is that confined taste, which is limited to the rarities
rt only, to that more diffusive one, which has the variety of nature for its object,
Can view, with emotion^ the wonders of the cieatioB 1
312 BIOGRAPHICAL HISTORY
Petrus Lelt, &c. Leljif. G. Valckf. Ato. fnezz.
Sir Peter Lely ; se ipse p. Barmerman sc. copied
from A. de Jode. In the " Anecdotes of Painting T 4to»
Petrus Lely. JFtcquet sc. In Des Campcs '^Pdn-
tres.''
Mr. Methuen has Sir Peter Lely and his family painted m oil by
himself. His head in Crayons, by himself, is at Strawberry-hill.
Sir Peter Lely, who painted history and landscape when he first
came into England, appUed himself afterward to portrait, in emula-
tion of Vandyck. He copied the works of that admirable master
with great success ; but could not arrive at his excellence in copj-
ing nature. Vandy^ painted what he saw before him ; Leiy '
painted his own ideas. In Vandyck's pictures we instantly see the '
person represented ; in Leiy's we see the paintar. The langonhiDg '
air, the sleepy eye, the cast of draperies, shew him to hare been i
an excessiTC mannerist : but they shew him, at the same time, to
liaTC been an excellent artbt. The ladies were desiroiis of bong
drawn by his hand, as he knew how to bestow beauty where nature
had been sparing. It has been justly said of him, that ^ he painted
many fine pictures, but few good portraits.^ O^. 30 November,
1680, J£L 63. He left an estate of 900/. per anmim; and his ju-
dicious collection of paintings, prints, and drawings, sold for
26,00W.
GODFRIDUS KNELLER, Germ, missus it Gsrolo
II. ad depingendum LudoTicum Magnum, &c. 1685.^
Knetkrp. J. Beckeif large k. sk. mczt
Godfrey Kndler, a n^ve of Lnbeck, cwae to^ &giMwi by die
way of Hamburgh, and was empfeyed to paint a portrait of Charles
IL at the same time with Sir Peter Lely, who candidly bestowed
great praise upon hb performance. This success Sxcd irifc<>H<»r at
the English court, where he painted seT«a sovereigiH^ besides
^bree foetgm ones^ Hb pmeqpal pakroa w» WiOimm III. who
« TW kins «t4 Mhi» Ws itiHnLai^
OF ENGLAND. 313
conferred on him the honour of knighthood, and engaged Jiim to
paint the Hampton-court beauties. He died very rich, in 1723.
JOHN HOSKINS ; from a miniature 'painted by
himself in the collection of W. Sotheby, esq. S. Hard-
ing exc. .
For the life of this valuable master (says Lord Orford), fewer
materials than of almost any man in the list, who arrived to so
much excellence, can be found. Vertue knew no more of him
than what was contained in Graham's/' English School,*' where we
are only told, " that he was bred a face-painter in oil ; but after-
ward taking to miniature, far exceeded what he did before ; th^t
he drew King Charles, his queen, and most of the court, and had
two considerable disciples, Alexander and Samuel Cooper, his
nephews ; " the latter of whom became much the more eminent
limner."
Hoskins, though surpassed by his scholar, the younger Cooper,
was a very good painter: there is great truth and nature in his
heads ; but the carnations are too bricky, and want a gradation and
variety of tints. There is a head of Serjeant Maynard, by him^ at
Strawberry-hill, boldly painted, and in a manly style, though not
without these faults;* and another good one of Lord Falkland,
more descriptive of his patriot melancholy than the common |)rintS':
it was in the collection of Dr. Meade. There is indeed one work
of Hoskins's that may be called perfect : it is the head of a man,
rather young, in the gown of a master of arts, and a red satin
waistcoat; the clearness of the colouring is equal to'eitiier of the
Olivers ; the dishevelled hair touched with exquisite freedom.; -It
is in the possession of Mr. Fanshaw, but hot known whose por-
trait. Hoskins died in February, 1664, and wjas buried in Covent-
gard^ church the 22d of the same month.
* From this miaiature an engraving .was made, a few jears ago, which may, be found
inLjson's " Environs of London/' vol.ii. p. 235. At Burleigh is a portrait of David
Ceaiy son of John, foarth Earl of Exeter, by Frances, daughter of the Earl ^f
Rotland ; it u dated 1644 : and another of Sir Edward Cecil, afterward Viscount
VVimUedbn. At the Earl of Dysart's, at Ham-house, is a portrait of a lady by
Um, painted in a superior style.
VOL, V. 2 S
314 BIOGRrAPHiCAI^ HiSTORY
SAMUEL COOPER ; ipse p. Chambars sc. In
the ^^ Anecdotes of Painting ;" 4io.
Samuel Cooper was a disciple of his uncle Hoskins, who, though
one of the best painters of his age in miniature, woff fareiu*eeded
by his n(;phew. He is called The Vandydc in little^ and is well
known to have carried his art to a greater height of perfection than
any of his predecessors. His excellence was limited to k head.
He died in 1672, in the 6dd year of hi^ age. His wife was sister
to Mrs. Eadith Pope, mother to our celebrated poet.*
THOMAS FLATMAN, holding a drawing of
Charles II. in his left hand; en medailk; proof;
h. sh. mezz.
Thomas Fl A TMAN. Ha^lsp.Waikersc. In the
" Anecdotes of Painting ;" 4to.
Thomas Flatman; ipsepinxit^ 1601. Godefriysi.
From a capital miniature^ ^c.
Thomas Flatm an, by /. T. Wedgwood^ frQm a
dratping by Sir Peter Lely, in the possession of C afd
H. Baldwyn^ booksellers, formerly in the coUection of
Marl Godolphin.
Thomas FUttnaA was bred ta the law»t but neglected that
4ry and laborious study, to pursue his itKelinatica to painting
and poetry. S<»ne of his tasteless conteo^oraries thought him
tqjially excellent in both ; but o^e of his heads la worths &. ream of
his Pindarics; I had almost said all the Pindarics Amtii^ bi this
reign. His works are extremely scarce. Vertue saw a limning
by him in the collection of Edward, earl of Oxford, which was so
Anely- executed, that he has placed him upon the same level with
Hoskiire, , and next to Cooper. 06. 8 Dec. 1688, Xt. circ. 53.
§ee Class IX.
:V* "-Anecdotes of Paintipg."
OF ENGLAND. 315
OERRARD ZOUST, or (SoBst). Bannerman $c.
In the *' Anecdotes of Painting f' Ato. This head is in
the same plate with that of old Griffier and Edema.
'. Ger^d Zoast, a GertnaD, was deservedly famous for painting
dtoen's portraits, in whicb he had much more success than in wo-
men's. He was indeed too faithful a copier of nature to be mudi
ift vog^t ^moiig the ladiite. The low price which h6 recei?ed for
jNunting a head, which was but 3/. shews that his reputation was
fiu* below his merit. Riley was educated under hiro. His own
portrait, by himself, is at Houghton. Its admissioti into the col-
lection there is a sufficient proof of its excellence. Ob. 1681.
■
GULIELMUS WISSING, inter pictores sui seculi
celeberrimos, nulU secundus ; artis suse noo exiguum
decus et omamentum. Ob. Sept. 10, An. iEt. 31,
D-M687. ^ammodicisbrevisestiEtas." W.Wissingp.
J. Smith f. f 1687); h. sh. mez$.
i William Wisstng, who WttB a disciple of Dodsiens, a history
painter at the Hague, was, for some tim^, employed under Sir
Peter Lely, whose manner he imitated. Upon the death of that
~ artist, he became the paintef in togue, 68f>ecially among the ladies.
*Heis said to have alwayi caught the beautiful likeness; and if
-any of liie sex wbo sat to him had too much paleness in her coun-
tenano^, which is frequently thef efFifect of long sitting, he took her
by the hand, and daneed her about the room, to add Kfe and Spirit
^' to her beauty. He painted the portraits of the royal family.
MR. GIBSON, in the same plate with his wife.
Walker so. In the *' Anecdotes of Painting ^ 4/o.
Richard Gibson, commonly called iltc Dwairf^ to distinguish him
irom bis nephew, William Gibson, was a disciple of De Cleyn,
master of the tapestry works to Charles I. He was page of the
back-stairs to that prince, and so much in his favour, that he did
him the honour to give him his little wife in marriage. He im-
proved himself in his art under Sir Peter Lely, whose manner he
316 BIOGRAPHICAL HISTORY
■/
succeMfulIy imitated. The priiice«8es^ Mary and Anne, wha became
afterward queens of Great Britain, were taught to draw by b'tm.:
be went over to Holland on purpose to instruct the former, ife
sometimes painted historic pieces, but applied himself chiefly to
portraits, ^e did that of Cromwell several times. Ob. 23» July
1690. See Mrs. Gibsok, in the next Class. >
NICOLAUS DE LARGILLIERE ; ipse p. Cherem
sc. sh. There are also prints of him by Depuis and
Desrochers.
N. DE Largilliere, his wife and two children;
ipse p. Becketf.mezz. large h. sh.
NicoLAus DE Lar,gilli£R£. N. LargHUere; Pi
Dtevet. •'
NicoLAus DE Lahgilliere. Wille. sc. 8tw>.
Largiliiere» a Frenchman/ was a portrait painter of eminence in
this, and the next reign. He was persuaded by Le Brun to settle
at Paris, though much inclined to fix at London. He was an in-
timate friend of Rigaud, who is said to have been his competitor as
a painter. He died at Paris, in 1746, aged about ninety. He was
opployed by Sir John Warner, and several other persons, some of
whom were of the first distinction.* Mr. Walpole mentions the
original from which the family-piece above described is taken.
The print is very scarce*
CLAUDE LE FEVRE. Chambars sc. In the
" Anecdotes of Painting.'
n
Claude Le Fevre, who was was also a Frenchman, studied
under Le Sueur and Le Brun. His genius led him chiefly to
portrait, in which branch of painting he was eminent in his own
country. He seems to have been but a short time in England.
* .The. prints of James II. and his queen after Largilliere are we,I^ known.
* :^
fi
OF ENOLANto. 317
^OHN HAYLS. Hoskiris p. a small oval; in the
saine plate with Le Fei)re.
Tbough tbe name or the works of Hayk are. very little known,
heis siaid to have been a rival of Sir Peter Lely. His greatest
^tcellence was in copying Viindyek. Ob. 1679.
JOHN GREENHILL ; ipse p. Bannerman so. Ato.
John Greenhill was one of the most promising disciples of Sir
Peter Lely, under whom he made so sudden and great a profi-
piency, that lie regarded him as a very formidable rival. He was
snatched away in the midst of his career by death, which was im-*
puted to his too free living. Mrs. Behn, who was a greater ad-
nirer of his handsome person, than of his excellence as a painter,
and was supposed to have had a tender attachment to him, wrote
wot degy on his death. General Cholmondeley has a half length-
portrait of him, in which a judicious eye might discern the different
styles of Vandyck and Lely. He did a t)ortrait of Bishop Wardy
which is now in the town-hall at Salisbury. He etched the head
of his brother, an ingenious young man, of whom mention has
been made in the preceding class.* Oh, 19 May, 1676.
JOHN BAPTIST GASPARS; a small head; in
the same plate with Greenhill.
f X
This artist was employed by Lely, Riley, and Kneller, to paint
their postures. He drew some good designs for tapestry, and
paibted several portraits. 06.1691.
SIR RALPH COLE, bart. Leli/ p. F. Place f.
K sh. mezz.
There is a small head of him in the '' Anecdotes of Painting.*'
This gentleman painted a portrait of Thomas Wyndham, esq.
from which a -mezzotinto print has been engraved. — It appears
• See the " Anecdotes of Puinting.*'
318 BIOGRAPHICAL HISTORY
&om a manuftcript letter of the reverend and learned Tbomaa
Baker, B. D. of St. John's College, Cambridge, to Mr. Hearae,
that " Sir Ralph Cole, when very young, was taught to paiiithy
Vandyok ; and that he had ako a strange genius for mechanical
arts." I am credibly informed, that he retained several ItaUan
painters in his service, at the expense of 500/, a year ; and that
he spent his fortune by his rage for painting.
PAINTERS IN VARIOUS BRANCHES.
GERARD EDEMA ; in the same plate with Zaust,
S^, In the " Anecdotes of Painting^' Ato.
. Gerard Edema, a native of Amsterdam, came into EngiancI
about the year 1670. He was famous for painting landscapes, m
whidi he exhibited a great variety of horrid and umenHfrltteil
scenes ; such as rocks, mountains, precipices, cascades, cataraet%
^Bd other wiklnesses of savage nature^ He went to Norway aad
l^ewfouadlaiid on purpose to collect subjects* Oh eirc. 1700.
ADRIAN VAN DIEST; small; in the same ptate
with Le Piper.
Adrian Van Diest, a Dutchman, was a landscape painter of cob-
siderable note. He came into England in this reign, where lie
Qpent the greatest part of his life. He drew many views on the
sea-coasts, and in the western parts of the kingdom^ His clouds
and distances are generally well painted. As he met with less
encouragement than he deserved, he slighted some of his pieces.
Several of them have uncommon merit. Ob. 1704, ^t. 49. This
head may be placed in either of the following reigns*
WILLIAM VANDE VELDE, Senr. G. Knelkr
pinx. Sibelius sculp.
William Vande Velde, called the old, to distinguish him ff-om hid
son, named after him, was a painter born at Leyden, in 1610. He
excelled in marine subjects, and. on settling in London, received
. OF BHOLAND. 31d
fprion firmft Qiarles It. V«ideVekle» liowerer^ gamed no
dit by conductiDg the English fleet to the coast of Holland,
ere the town of Scheveling was destroyed. He took sketches of
ifpneat fight between the IHrice of York and the Dutch admiral
dam, when the latter was^ bl«wn ap with all his erew. On this
sasfOD, Van de Velde sailed between the hostile ieets, in a
bt skiffy to mark their positions and observe their operations*
s died at London in 1693» and was bnried in St James's church;
WILLIAM VANDE VELDE, Junr. Knelkr p.
\ Chambars sc. 4to.
William Vande Vblde; a sea-piece in right
md; mezz. Kneller; Smithy 1707.
tWUiiaflii Vande Yelde, fhther and son, were classic artists in
riating every thmg that has any relation to the sea. The fadief
is mgsfei rivalled but by his son;^ f^e son b without a rival in
ny age or nation^ They were both retamed in the service of
liarles II. who understood and sufficiently valued their admirable
'orks. The elder Vande Velde was employed in subjects worthy
l^his hand. He has perpetuated Ae most lively representation
f sereral of the sea-fights in this reign, which are scarce to be
araHeled in the history of mankmd. The younger was at sea what
Sliliide liOrrain was at land ; but his pencil was incomparably lUor^
IMnbus and diversified. There is a well chosen collection of his
•iiitings in the possession of Mr. Skinner, in Clifibrd-street, Bui-
i\gton-g%rdens. See the reign of Jame$ II.
ABRAHAMUS HONDIUS, pictor; ipse p. Smith
. large 4to. mezz.
Abraham Hondius; ipse p. Chambars ^c. In the
' Anecdotes of Painting ^ 4to.
^*
* At Bulstrode u an exc«Ueiit ^ea-piece io oil, bj the elder Vande Velde : it it
E the manner of a drawiD|.wiili Indian ink. He waa seTen^«fou years of aga
lies he dfd It.
320 BIOGRAPHICAL HfSTORY
a
Abraham Hondius. I^cquet sc. In Des Campa j^
« Pdntret."
Abraham Hondius, a native of Rotterdaniy is very justly cele-^'
brated for painting of animals. He was excelled by Ruhjou aaii-
Snyders, who stand alone in this branch of their art: but. his belt
pieces are very little inferior to the style of these capital mtsteik
He also painted history, landscape, candle-lights, and huntn^
pieces. Mr. Walpole informs us, that his finest picture is a dog-
market, sold at Mr. Halsted's aaction, 1726. Ob, 1695.
THOMAS WYCK ; in the same plate with John
Wyck, his Mn. Barmerman sc. 4 to.
Thomas Wyck, who was bom at Haerlem, in Holland, followed
the manner of Peter Van Laer, commonly called .Bambocdo. He fi
painted landscape, sea-ports, and other views; and partieulaily
excelled in chymical laboratories* I saw lately, in B^rk^hirejao
excellent view of London on fire, by the hand of this artist 0&. «
1682.
John Wyck, son of the former, excelled in landscapes and hant-
ing-pieces, and was deservedly celebrated for his dogs and horses;
in which branches of painting Wootton, his disciple, was also ex-
cellent. There are some good pieces by the latter in. the ball at
Longleat. Ob. 1702.
GRIFFIER ; in the same plate with Z(nist^ S;c. Ban-
nerman sc.
John Griffier, commonly called Old Griffier^ was better knows
abroad by the appellation of the Gentleman of Utrecht, though a
native of Amsterdam. He was a good painter of perspective views,
and, noted for his landscapes, which he enriched with buildings and
figures. His colouring was uncommonly neat. He excelled in
copying the works of Flemish and Italian masters. He etched
several prints of birds and beasts, after the designs of Francis
Barlow. He died in 1718, at upwards of 72 years of age.
- OF ENGLAND. 321
EGBERT HEMSKIRK; sniaH; m the same plate
^th Riley. In the " Anecdotes of Painting.'*
Egbert Hemskihk ; in a hat; tnezi. J. Oliver; Ato.
\ l^;bert Hemskirk was a noted painter of drunken revels, vrakes,
fiursy Quakers meetings, and waggish subjects. Some are much
dl^ghted with his paintings ; but they are generally such as would
prefer Martial to Virgil. In Bourne's Poems is a copy of verses
on his picture of two Dutchmen looking with a sorrowful coun-
tenance into an empty pot; and also on that of the players at put,
which was engraved by Smith. Ob. 1704,
<
DANIEL BOON, playing on the violin ; mezz.
This man was also a buffoon painter, and much of the Mine cha*
neter with Hemskirk. He died in 1700.
PETER ROESTRATEN; a pipe in his right hand,
and a rummer^glass of liquor in his left. A. Bannef^-
tnansc. In the *' Anecdotes of Painting;'' Ato.
Peter Roestraten; mezz. J. Smith esc. 4to.
Peter Roestraten. P. Roestraten; A. Bloote-
ling; fol. mezz.
. Peter Roestraten, a Dutchman, was a disciple of Francis Hals.
He pcunted little besides still-life, in which he excelled. There is
em excellent picture by him at Belvoir Castlci the seat of this Duke
of Rutland. It exhibits a watch, a book^ a tankard, and several
other things. The tankard is finely executed.
VAN SON. Bannerman sc. In the " Anecdotes of
Painting;'' Ato.
Van Son, or Vanzon, who waa bred under his father, a flower
)ainter at Antwerp, was a copious painter of stiU-life. His pictures
VOL. V. 2 T
322 BJOGRAPHICAL HISTORY
are composed of oranges, lemons, damask curtains, plate, and a
great variety of other objects. Pieces of this kind were more va-
lued in the reign of Charles II. than they are at present. 06. 1700.
ALEXANDER BROWNE. J.Huysmansp. A.de
Jode sc. h. sh.
Alexander Browne was author of '< Ars Pictoria, or an Academy,
treating of Drawing, Painting, Limning, and Etching,^ 1669, folio;
to which is prefixed his head. He, in the title, styles himself TrtK-
titioner in the Art of Limning. It appears from the encomium of
Payne Fisher, before this treatise, that he engraved the thirty plates
at the end of it.* Some of them are taken from Bloemarfs fine
drawing-book, and they are well copied. Many of our old mexzo-
tintos have this inscription, ** Sold by Alexander Browne, at the
Blew Balcony in Little Queen-street." As there is seldom the
name of any engraver to the prints said to be sold by him, it is ?eiy
probable that some of them were done by his own hand^f
FRANCOIS LE PIPRE (or Le Piper) ; collar
unbuttoned.
Francis Le Piper; in the same plate with VanDiest.
In the " Anecdotes of Painting.''
Francis Le Piper, the son of a gentleman in Kent, was designed
for merchandise ; but was of too mercurial a disposition, and too
great a lover of pleasure, to fix to any profession. He was a sin-
gular humorist, and was remarkable for rambling over the greatest
part of Europe on foot. When he had a mind to take a tour to the
Netherlands, France, Spain, or Italy, he very abruptly left the king-
dom, without the privity of his friends. He had an excellent te-
* These verses are part of the encomium :
«' Debentur tum Brnunte tuis quot serta capillis ?
Qui tot semineces artes in lurainis auras
Duxisti, propriaque manu coelata norasti
Artificum simulacra senum."
t Alex. Browne fecit, is ihscribed on a mezzotinto of Charles II.
OF ENGLAND.
325
* ''wgtt, vbo had been bred k bhcktmilb, wm m
**'»^ the Rputed Mihot of a book of henldry, enthled,
'^°f Gentry." Mr.WoodinforniiuB.froiii Ihewdiori^
~*" I^ugdale, that it was compoKd by Edward Witer-
"■ ^ the article of WATEaHousE, among the Anti-
Sf^'ofGent
PAINTRESSES.
BBALE and her son CHARLES. Maiy
^ Chambars sc. In the " Atucdota of Paint-
T Beale, daughter of Mr. Cndock, minirter of WaJtoa*
h was instructed id ihe art of painting by Kir Peter
> a professed admirer of her genius, and wai thought
'er regard for her person. She painted portrwti to
■ra, sad CTSyons; and aoqitired a good deal of tl*e
>j copyix^g the woriu of emintot mastcn tjf liut
psinted naaore portnits of the dignified cltrgy tban
mpor^r^r artist*. Her price «h 51. forabcsd, aod
tiffth- Mix^ than Oati^ firM wife of Benjaun.
raociia ■aa.r, «u a lebdar of Mn. Bede m4 Wr
324 BIOGRAPHICAL HISTORY
GASPAft ^Netbcher. GeiUard^. In Desomtpi
^' JJva of Painters.-'
Of Oasper Nettcher there is some difference of opinion as to the
place and time of his birth : D*Argenville says at Prague, in 1639;
Descamps and Houbraken, at Heidelberg, in 1639. His father
was a sculptor and engineer in the Polbh service, and died leaving
three children ; of which Qasper was the youngest, and about two
years of ag6. Hie mother experiencing great distress, Mr. Tulle-
kens, an opulent physician, took the young Netscher, and educated
him for his own profession, but the genius of his protegS strongly
inclined him to the art of painting. He became a disciple of Ter-
burg, whose style and beauty of pencil was congenial to his own
taste and conception. Netscher excelled in domestic subjects, and
conversations, which he touched with a spirit and delicacy un-
rivalled; particularly in satin, silk, ermine, &c. He visited Eng-
land at the invitation of Sir William Temple, but did not remain
here long. Among other persons of distinction whose portraits he
painted, while in England, were those of Lord Berkeley, of Stratton,
and his lady, with the date 1676. He died at the Hague, 1684.
SAMUEL BUTLER ; a small head, without the en-
graver's name ; before his ^^Hudibrasf' l'2mo.
" The Hogarth of poetry (says Mr. Walpole) was a painter too.*'
He did but few things ; yet there is no question but the genius of
painting was greatly assisting to the comic muse. It is observable,
that H(^arth's first public specimen of his talent for humorous
pieces, was a set of prints which he designed for a new edition of
" Hudibras." This was his best method of studying that admirable
burlesque poem.*
SYLVANUS MORGAN, M.41; fatting band.
* Metbinks a pretty emblem might be contrived, oi the aids which the arts and
sciences receive from eacli other; in which the principal figures should be painting
and yostry^ with this motto,
" Petimusque damusque vidssim.**
OF ENGLAND. 325
Sylvanus Morgan, wbo had been bred a blacksmith, was an
rms painter, and the reputed author of a book of heraldry, entitled.
The Sphere of Gentry.'* Mr. Wood informs us, from the authority
f Sir William Dugdale, that it was composed by Edward Water-
ouse, esq. See the article of Waterhouse, among the Anti-
oaries.
PAINTRESSES.
MRS. BEALE and her son CHARLES. Mary
Beak p. T. Chavibars sc. In the " Anecdotes of Paint-
\ngr 4to,
Mrs. Mary Beale, daughter of Mr. Cradock, minister of Walton-
npon-ThameSy was instructed in the art of painting by Sir Peter
Lely, who was a professed admirer of her genius, and was thought
to have a tender regard for her person. She painted portraits in
oil, water-colours, and crayons ; and acquired a good deal of the
Italian style, by copying the works of eminent masters of that
country. She painted more portraits of the dignified clergy than
any of her contemporary artists. Her price was 5L for ahead, and
1(U. for a half-length. Mrs. Diana Curtis, first wife of Benjamin,
bte bishop of Winchester, was a scholar of Mrs. Beale and her
ion .• The former died the 28th of Dec. 1697, in the 65th year of
fcr age.
Charles Beale painted in oil and water-colours : but a weakness
V his eyes occasioned his quitting his profession, after he had fol-
lowed it four or five years.
MRS. ANNE KILLIGREW. A. Killigrcwp. A.
^looteling sc. h. sh. mezz. very scarce.
Mrs. Anne Killigrew; /^aiWfrf by herself. J.
^ecketf large Ato.mezz. Before her Poems ^ 1686.
* Mrs. Uoadly , widow of the bishop of Winchester, had several portraits of her
Piinting, which do her much honour.
326 BIOGRAPHICAL HISTORY
Mrs. Anne Killigrew ; ipta^. Chambars sc. Co-
pied from the foi^mer. In the **, Anecdotes of PdfA-
ing;'' 4to.
Anne, daughter of Dr. Killigrew, master of the Savoy, was maid
of honour to the Dutchess of York. She was a lady of fine accom-
plishments both of body and mind, and celebrated by Mr. Dryden
for her painting and poetry. Her wit was deserredly admired ; but
it received part of its currency from her beauty. She painted
landscape, portrait, and history.* This shews the fertility of her
genius, which had not time to rise to maturity, as she died at the
age of twenty-five. The print before her poems is evidently in die
style of Sir Peter Lely. It appears, from Mr. Dryden's ode to her
memory, that she drew the pictures of the Duke and Dutchess of
York. Ob. 1685.
1
SCULPTORS.
GIBBER, A. Bannerman sc. Ato. In the " Anec-
dotes of Painting''
Caius Gabriel Gibber, an artist of merit, came into England a
little before the restoration. He, in a few years, became so emineot,
that he was appointed statuary and carver to the king's closel.
Most of the statues of the kings in the Royal Exchange are of bis
hand ; but these are not by far so well executed as the figures of
Melancholy and Raving Madness before the hospital of Bedlam,
which are his capital performances. They were probably taken
from the h'fe. He did two of the bas-reliefs on the pedestal of the
monument, and several good pieces of sculpture at Chatsworth. He ^
built the Danish church in London, where he lies buried with bk ^
second wife, descended from the family of Colley, in Rutlandshire.
This lady, who brought her husband a fortune of 6000/. was mother
of our late laureat. The monument for Caius Gibber and his wife
was erected in 1696.
• Sec Dryden's ode, in his '• Miscell." V. p. 212. Sec also " Auecdiitao'
Painting."
OF ENGLAHD. 327
HILLIAM EMMET, vfao
Iptor to ChirWi IL bcinre the cdchnted GiiboML IWre
y
3tFkiil*scaikcdaL
ARCHITECTS.
IIR CHRISTOPHER WREX bnlt &e i^vcb of St. Sttplm,
ilbiooky m Ab reigpi, vliich v»s wilKfiiar to cstabGsh his lepa-
JBD •» «a jfitiiigil. He BKTn&er be sad to bare extended bk
ic bj boildiDg Sc FuTf* das to bsve niaed k to a s;icater
gfaC Mr. EveKn, vbo vas penaaaDr aeqaaialed vidi bin, bat
mna a put idea, of bis great aad rarioas laleats m the kXkmm^
M^e, wbidi I sbaD tnnsctibe firoai the Epistle to tbe Reader,
fore bis trassbtioD of Freast's "Idea of tbe P^xfectioo of Paint-
er a book b«t little koovB, aad vcnr rarelT to be oaet witb.
leakiB^of the £wobs Bf fiai, be i^s,'" S^'wnmf
m repcfttad to bave baSt a tbeatie at Home, far tbe
bteof be not onlr oK dbe fcves aad inialed &e sceaes, bat
f play, and cmiqHmtd tbe ansie, vbicb vas all ia recitatiro;
im persoaded tbtt all tbis is bo( jet, br €v, so ancb as tbat
Side of ov age aul ctHDttrj, Dr. abnsto|)ber Wica, vcne able
rare so disposed, aad so eaeoaraged ; becaaaebe
<ifs9anB]radflMfaLleadfvila^csbeTOiid tbea.** Seetbe
book. Hispanntbdoii^ totbercigBof
RR BALTHASAR GERBIER, of vboas aoaie accnnt baa
SB girea in tbe iciga of Cbarles L vas fiiaiMifd, as be Idls as
■■elfj tbe plaee af aannefar-^eafnl of tbe wadks, i^poa tbe de-
^oflaica fif f Aib»tfe dcatb of Cbadca, be was Tcsy at-
tmto tbe li Hilar If af bis aeadeaij, abidt be bad encled at
pMl-gRCB ''km Ibfd^ laagaaigVi, aad aH aoUe sdae» aad
BWsea.** Baikr k» fidicakd tbis acadonr, ia bis fictitioas
0
^m Vkm^
I -^
328 BIOGRAPHICAL HISTORY
"^ WUl of Philip, earl of Pembroke ;"• who bequeallis "« all his olfaer
speeches, of what kind soever, to the academy, to help Sir fialthi-
8ar*8 art of well spealda^." As this project did act aaswer liis ex-
pectation, he went to Sarinam in the time of the usurpation, and ii
supposed to have returned to England with Charles II. as he is taid
to have designed the triumphal arches erected for the reception of
that prince. In 1663, he published a small treatise, entitled, ** Coib-
sel and Advice to all Builders :*' to which he has prefixed no leu
than forty dedications. He died at Hempsted Marshal, the seat of
Lord Craven, of which he drew the plan, and lies buried in tbe
chancel of the church. See the reign of Charles I. Class V. anicIL
See also the " Anecdotes of Painting.*' A print has lately Been
engpraved by Walker, from the picture of his family^ mentioned ia
the former reign.
A MODELLER.
ABRAHAMUS SYMONDS (Simon). P. Lelyp.
Blooteling /. large beard ; Ato. mezz. This has bm
copied.
Abraham Simon. Vertue so. a small oval; «»•
graved in the same plate with his brother's heady befirt
mentioned.
Abraham Symonds ; three heads^ in different atti-
tudes, on an eagle's wings ; an etching.
Abraham Simon, a celebrated modeller in wax, was brother l»
Thomas Simon, the medalist, and was of singular service to tW
artist in some of his admirable works, of which there is an elegtft
volume engraved by Vertue. Abraham, who was bred to \tMf%^
was intended for the church ; but he chose to pursue the bent of w
genius. He was some time retained in the service of Christina,
1
I
%
k
In
* Thift, though attrihiited to Butler, iwas profaalily .wiitten by Sir John BiA^i
head. I ^
OF ENGLAND. 329
fsedi of Sweden, ^ho presented him with a gold chain and medal*
Ciiarlea II. Who intended to create an order of knighthood, in com-
niefa>oratioit of his escape after the battle of Worcester, under the
appellatioh of The Order of the Royal Oak, employed Abraham Simon
to make for that purpose a model in wax of a medal, which was to
have been executed in gold. The king, who approved of his per-^
formance, rewarded him with a hundred broad pieces. He was
employed by the Duke of York to make another model of his own
head ; but being informed that he intended to give him only fifty
{HeceSy he, with indignation, crushed the figure betwixt both his
hands, and entirely defaced it. This was injurious to his reputa-
1i6n. He afterward lived in obscurity ; but still retained his pride
with his poverty. His whimsical attachment to the garb which he
wore in his youth is remarkable. He adhered to the same mode of
wearing his hair, beard, cloak, boots, and spurs, which prevailed in
the reiffn of Charles the First. He died soon after the revolution.
SIR ROBERT PEAKE; from an or^iginal drawing
in the collection of R. Bull, esq. E. Harding sc. 4to.
. Sir Robert Peake was a printseller and dealer in pictures on
Holborn-bridge, and had the honour of being Faithome's master.-
In a catalogue of English painters, prefixed to De Piles's '^ Art of
Painting,^ he is called Prince Rupert's painter.
. The earliest mention of him that appears, is in the books of Lord
Harrington, treasurer of the chambers to James I. containing ac-'
coants of money received and paid by him. '^liem. Paid to Robert
Peake, picture-maker, by warrant from the council, dated the 4th of
October, 1612, for three several pictures made by him, at the com-
mandment of the Duke of York, his officers, and given away and>
disposed of by the duke's grace, 20/."
. It does not appear whether these pictures were in oil or water
oolours ; but it is probable that they were portraits of King Charles
Ihe First, then Duke of York. But that Peake did pi(int in oil is
ascertained by Peacham^ in his book of limning, where he expressly *
celebrates his |^pod friend Mr. Peake for oil colours.
When the civil war broke out between Charles I. and the parlia-
ment, Peake took up arms in behalf of his sovereign, and received
the honour of knighthood at Oxford, the 28th of March, 1645. He
was made a lieutenant-colonel, ^nd had a command in Basing-
VOL. V. 2 u
330 BIOGRAPHICAL HISTORY
bouse, at the time it was besieged by Cromwell ;. and where hin*
self, with his scholar Faithome (whom he had persuaded to enliit
under him), together with Winceslaus Hollar, who had been ia his
employ, were taken prisoners. Peake died in July, 1667, and vai
buried in St. Sepulchre's, London, with great military pomp, to
whkh parish he had been a considerable benefactor.
ENGRAVERS.
GULIELMUS FAITHORNE, sculptor. Faithome
p. Johannes Fillian sc. h.sh.
William FAiTHORy^; neatly etched; 8vo.
William Faithorne; ipse p. Bannerman sc,
copied from thejirst. In Mr. Walpoles '^ Catalogue of
Engravers.''
■ There is a softness and delicacy, as well as strength and beauty,
in the best works of Faithorne, which are not to be found in those
of any other English engraver. Nothing is more common than far
people not to see what is before their eyes : the merit of this admi-
rable artist was not attended to, before it was pointed out by Mr.
Walpole. The portraits of Sir William Paston, John, viscount
Mordaunt, Frances Bridges, countess of Exeter, Margaret Smith,
Thomas Stanley, and John La Motte, esquires, are among his best
performances. The historical prints in Westley's " Life of Christ"
are said, in the title of that book, to be done " by the excellent
hand of William Faithorne :** but the generality, at least, are alto-
gether unworthy of him. I have been informed, that most of them
were done for a mass-book in the reign of James IL William
Faithorne the son, who performed chiefly in mezzotinto, has been
often confounded with his father. Walter Dolle was a scholar of
the latter, but he was a workman of a much lower cla§s.* Faithorne
theelder died 1691.
* He is sl^^lcd servant to Faitbome, in the " Account of the Cures wrought bv
Valentine Greatraks the Stroker."
OF ENGLAND. 331
WINCESLAUS HOLLAR; small; ipse/.
WiNC£SLAus Hoi^LAK ; obut Lond. 1677 ; jEt. 70.
ffi the title to the *^ Description of his Works,'' together
oith his ^* ii/e," by G. Vertue ; (first edit.) 1745 ; Ato.
See the reign of Charles I.
PETER VANDREBANC (or Vandeiibank), en-
graver ; own hair; neckcloth.
Peter Vanderbank ; in the same plate with Vail-
lantj Place, and Lodge. In Mr. Walpole's " Catalogue
9f Engravers'^
Peter Vanderbank ; mezz. G. White.
Peter Vandrebanc, a native of Paris, came into England about
the year 1674. He was deservedly admired for the softness of his
prints, some of which are of an uncommon size; These, though
they helped to increase his reputation, helped also to ruin him, as
fte profit of the sale was by no means answerable to the time and
eipetose be bestowed upon them. Charles II. James 11. and his
faeeiiy Sir Edmund Bury Godfrey, &c. are on large sheets, and
finely executed. The head of John Smith, a writing-master, done
from an original by Faithorne, is one of his best portraits. He
etched the ceiling by Verrio, in the drawing-room at Windsor.
But the most valuable of his works is his excellent print of Christ
praying^in the garden, after Sebastian Bourdon. The account of
blm in the " Anecdotes of Painting," was communicated to Mr.
Vertue by his youngest son, a poor labourer.
*
ROBERT WHITE. Bannerman sc. In Mr. Wal-
pole's '' Catalogue of Engravers ;" 4to. There are se-
veral other heads in the same plate.
Robert White, a disciple of Loggan, is supposed to have en-
graved more frontispieces to books than any other artist. Many of
332 BIOGRAPHICAlc HISTORY
his portraits are deficient in pomt of neatness ; but that is more rtian
compensated by the truth of his drawing, in which he was never
exceeded. I have transcribed the following singular epcomium of
him, from " The Life and Errors of John Dunton," bqokseller, p. 346,
Ivritten by himself: " Mr. White exceeds all I ever met with, in
taking the air of a face. He drew for me the picture of Mr. Doo-
little, and he gained much reputation by it; but his masterpiece
may be reckoned the seven bishops. He takes faces so much to the
life, that the real person may be said to be wherever you see a face
of his doing. Herein imitating the famous Zeuxis, who died of a fit
of laughter, at the sight of a comical old woman's picture which h^
had drawn, to his thinking, as if she had been really alive : so that
if none but Apelles was permitted to paint Alexander, I think, Mr.
White merits the same honour with respect to the greatest king or
queen upon earth. Zeuxis would never sell any picture, because h»
thought them above any price; and therefore only made presents
of them to kings and queens. I am ready to think, would Mr.
White present, rather than sell, his original pictures ^ the English
generosity would advance Mr. White to a coach and six, and exceed
that which enriched Zeuxis." Ob, 1704.
PAUL VANSOMER ; in the same plate with Robert
White.
Vansomer did a considerable number of plates after Sir Peter
Lely. His works, which are in no great esteem^ except for the
rarity of some of them, consist of etchings, mezzotintos, and en-
gravings. He was living in 1690. Richard Tomson, who sold
some of his prints, has been mistaken for the engraver.
ISAAC BECKET; in the same plate with Robert
White.
Becket, who was bred a calico-printer, learned the art of mez-
zotinto from Vansomer. He had the honour of instructing the
fomous John Smith. There is a print of him, when young, en-
graved by that excellent master.*
• This print was done by Smith in 1689, and is, b^ some, supposed to represent
GDC of Becket's family, and not that artist himself. Jn Mr. Mac Ardell*8 Catalogue,
quoted before, it ia called " Immhc Becket, Smith's master."
OF ENGI.A.ND. 333
WILLIAM ELDER; in the same flaU toitk Robert
White.
WiLMAM Elder; in a fur cap. W. Faithorne;
J: Nutting sc. Stw.-
William Elder ; in a wig. Nutting.
William Elder, a Scotsman, engraved several heads in Sir Pj^iU
Rycaut's " History of the Turks,'* His portrait of Ben Johnson,
prefixed to one of the folio editions of his works, is his best per-
fonnance. .
ARTHUR SOLY was much employed by Robert White, who
ditew his head in black lead. In 1683, a print was engraved from
tbis drawing. Soly did prints of Richard Baxter and Tobias Crisps
See the *' Catalogue of Engravers," 2d edit. p. 110.
PRINCE RUPERT is celebrated for the invention of mezzotinto,
of which he is said to have taken the hint from a soldier scraping
his rusty fusil. It is also said that the first print of this kind ever
published was done by his highness ; it may be seen in the first
edition of Evelyn's " Sculptura."* The secret is said to have been
soon after discovered by Sherwin the engraver, who made use of
a loaded file for laying the ground. The prince, upon sight of one
of his prints, suspected that his servant had lent him his tool,
which was a channelled roller; but upon receiving full satisfaction
to the contrary, he made him a present of it. The roller was af-
terward laid aside, and an instrument with a crenelled edge, in
shape like a shoemaker's cutting knife, was used instead of it.t
* A good impression of this print is valuable.
t It diould not be forgotten, that Sir Christopher Wren is said to have been the
inventor of mezzotinto. It is certain that tliere is a black-a-moor's head by him,
in a different manner, from that of Prince Rupert. Vertne, in a manuscript in my
possession, mentions ** A large head, something like mezzotinto: some tender parts/*
says be, " are done with several chasing and friezing tools. Some of the darkest.
jpmrtB ate grounded like mezzotinto, and scraped. It is thus inscribed : * Araelta
ElJsabetba, D. G* Hassias, &c* Landgrav. Comitissa Hanqpv. Ad vivom a se
primom depictam, novoque jam sculpturse modo expressam, dicat consecratque
L — n S. iinno 1643.'" He refers to Sandrart's " lives of the Painters/' whdre,
he sajrs, " there is an account of this man's being the inventor of mezzotinto." He
adds, " In Lord Harley's collectiou of heads, is one of this lady," says Mr. Wanley ;
*' there is also a head of the Comes Hassc, by the same hand, who was the person
that taught Prince Ru()Grt/'
334 BIOGRAPHICAL HISTORY
«
The glass drops invented by him are well known. He also in-
vented a metal called by his name, in which guns were cast; a&d ^
contrived an excellent method of boring them, for which purpose f i
a water-mill was erected at Hackney Marsh, to the great detriment
of the undertaker, as the secret died with the illustrious inventor.
He communicated to Christopher Kirby, from whom' the present
Christopher Kirby* is descended, the secret of tempering the best
fish-hooks made in England. See Class L and VII. in this reign,
and also Class I. in the preceding.
W. VAILLANT. W. Vaillant f. Ato. mezz.
W. Vaillant; in the same plate with Vandrebanc^
iigc. In Mr. Walpoles " Catalogue of Engravers;' 4^<?.
■
W. Vaillant; mezz. with his hat on; Ato. '
Warner, or Wallerant, Vaillant, a painter, was of singular service i
to Prince Rupert in putting his new invention of mezzotinto in
practice, came into England with him, soon after the restoration.
He also made considerable improvements upon this invention, as
appears from his own, and his wife's portrait, a curious print of
their family, and a head of Frobenius the printer, after Hans
Holbein. . He sometimes painted in black and white. He died io
Holland.
FRANCIS PLACE ; in the same plate with Van-
drebanCy 8^c.
Francis Place was a gentleman of Yorkshire, who painted, de-
signed, and etched for his diversion. He also did several portraits
in mezzotinto; particularly that of Richard Sterne, archbishop of
York; and Henry Gyles, a glass-painter of the same city. He had
an estcellent hand at etching, as appears from his prints after
Barlow. I have a set of twelve etchings, executed from designs
of that painter, now lying before me : seven of them were done by
Mr. Place, and the rest by old Griffier.. They are dedicated to
• Now living in Crowdcr's Well-alley, near Aldengate.
OF ENGLAND. 335
Uchard, lord Maitland, eldest son of the Earl of Lauderdale,
vbom he styles the Meecenas of painting. His prints, especially
iis portraits, are very uncommon^ Ob. 1728.
WILLIAM LODGE; in the same plate with Van-
irebanc.
William Lodge; mezz. in a fur cap, neckcloth,
Sgc. (F. Place) anonymous.
William Lodge was a gentleman who engraved, and sometimes
painted, for his amusement. He drew and etched various views
in Italy and England. He also etched the heads in Giacomo
Barri's " Viaggio Pittoresco," which he translated ; some prospects
of. the clothing towns in Yorkshire for Thoresby's " Ducatus
Leodiensis/' and several places of natural history for Dr. Martin
Lister. Ob. 1689.
JOHN EVELYN, esq. A. Banner man sc. In Mr.
Walpole^s ^* Catalogue of Engravers.'
)»
' This gentleman etched five small views, of places which he saw'
in his 'journey betwixt Rome and Naples, a view of his own seat at
Wobton, and another of Putney.* See class IX.
* There are several persons of rank and eminence now living, who amuse them-
vires with etching and engraving. Lord Townshend has done several good
triGataras.t I1ie Countess-dowager of Carlisle has .etched several prints from
tembrandt, Sal vator Rosa, Guido, and other celebrated masters. The late general
Qise was so taken with some of her pieces, that he asked, and obtained a complete
t of them. Lord Newnham has etched several landscapes and views about
aaton-Harcoort, with great freedom and taste. Mr. Irbj, son of Lord Boston,
IS also etched, with taste and skill, a view of Hedsor chYirch in finckinghamsbire,t
id other, pieces. Lady Louisa Greville, daughter of the Earl of Warwick, has
cbed several landscapes that well deserve a place in aiiy collection ; as do several
ads etclied by Mrs. Elizabetlia Bridgetta Gulston, wife of Joseph Gulston, esq.
£aIing-grove, in Middlesex; particularly the portraits of Dr.' Francis Courayer,
ter Hauiiltbn, and the second which she has done of Mr. Gulston, after the same
:t The latje Mr. Pryse Campbell. excelled in caricatura.
X'StG the <* Gentleman's Magazine" for October, 1771, p. 450.
33G BIOGRAPHICAL HISTORY
PETER LOMBAKT ; fr(m a ttt-awing in the jm-
session of Mr. Robert Gfwe, formerly Mr. TFJ/&w»
Oldifs, R. Grave, Jim. sc. 8vo.
painter. Miss Hartley; daughter of the latie l)r. Hartley, of Bath, who has etdnd
Jedidiah Buxton, and other pieces, deserves also to be mentioiied. fHk Wiliui'
-Musgrave has also etched several landscapes with nncommon spirit, from drafrafgi
of Bolognese, and the late Lord Bjron* The Rey. Mr. Bicfasrd Bjron« hroUNrtiB
the present Lord Byron, has copied ttembrandt's famous fandscape of the t&rif iifc^
in so masterly a manner, that it has passed in a sale for tho, origiaai priaL llii
gentleman, who excels in drawing, has done several other things, some of which ue
of his own invention. ' Mr. Mason's exact etching of Ids.latff learned aad ii^genoos
firicnd Mr. Gray, merits distinction ; as does also his own portrait, etched by C-
Carter,* after Vaslet The just outline and high finishing of some of the prints of
Captain William Baillie, done after pictures, and the character and spirit of qUkr,.
firom drawings, have been justly admired. He has, in some of bis works, bleaided
liiezEOtinto and etching with great success. Tlie'rc needs no other proof of Us
abilities than the portrait of Witenbogaard,t or the banker^ commonly knofwa by
the appellation of the gold iceigher, which is one of the finest^ as well as the laost
scarce and valuable of the prinU of B«mbrandt.t The late Mr. Peter Stephens, a
gentleman of an easy fortune, has taken a great number of drawings of picturesque
scenes, and other remarkable views in Italy. Of these he has pablished tw»w>-
lAmes of etchings, several of which he executed htnfeelf, and has subjoined to iAch
Tiew, an historical account of the place. I have seen a Targe half sheet print by
him of the beautiful spot where Horace's vUla was anciently situated.} Dr. Wall,
of Worcester, who wanted only leisure to excel iq painting and edgraving, as'he
does in physic, has etched sey:ral good prints from his own designs. The Rev. Mr.
Tyson, fellow of Corpus Christi College, in Cambridge, and Mr. Orde, late of King's,
in the same university, merit a place in this detail for several portraits. Dr. Bill
engraved several of the prints in his '* Eden, or Compleat Body of Gardemng." I
have been informed that Dr. pillenius, late professor of botany at Oxford, did se-
veral plates in his book of Mosses, himself, because the specific difierences of Aose
vegetables were too minute to be distinguished by the eyes of ordinary engravers.
Dr. Gregory Sharpe, late master of the Temple, etched several prints in the ** Syn-
tagma Dlssertationum" of Dr. Hyde, lately published.
• Servant to Mr. Mason.
t Or Vitenbogaard.
X Captain Baillie has engraved prints after various masters. Fifty of them were
not long since published, in one volume. The captain is now intent upon another
volume, of which I have seen several beautiful specimens,|| especially his Imita-
tions of Drawings. I am well assured that his prints have sold at much higber
prices in Dutch auctions, than they have ever sold for in England.
§ Vide Horat. Epist. Lib. I. Ep^VL
II This volume will come forth by numbers, of which some have b<?en already
published.
Oif ENGLAND/ MT
This artIsC Wia a halire of France, H not of Fatii^ kbore he
Mtfiicid t[h6 art' of engvaving. it appears, that he c«Me inU) Bag-
land before the restoration, because some of his phites for fingUsb
p«t>Kcatio«s are dated prior to tbat evdnt. How \(mg he staged
here is quite uacertahi ; but tt is thought, that he was not retaratd
k^ France in tho year 1679, at which time a' set of eight prints^
ifae seven sciences and the frontispiece, are mentioned in Oveftbn'a
catalogue, as engraved by him. This artist executed a vast variety
of plates, as well historical as emblematical; which, however, were
difefly for books. But his best vForks ar^ portraits ; and of these
hi prbdaced a. considerable number.
He rarely etched, but, in general, execated his plates entirely
with the graver. He worked in a very neat laboured style ; and
if Ins g«x>d taste had beea equal to hi* asMiiity, his works mi|;ht
Ihm compared with those of the first mast^^. He wad not only
dfefi<;ient in taste, but his drawing is frequently incorrect ; his out^
Mnes are hard ; and the continual sameness which runs through
ail Lis engravings,, is disgustlag to the eye. Besides* the dark
shadows want force and boldness ; and the lights are too equally
eoviercd, which gives a flatness to the figuri^s, and prevetits their
selitviiig the back-ground with any striking eS€ct : and this fauH
is evident even ua his engravings fraia the pictorea of Vandyek.
His bisst portraits, however, though not perfbct are by no means
devoid of merit, or undeservedly noticed by tl^ colleotora in gene*
ral. The multitude of book plates, whictr he executed for the folio
editicm of Ogilby's Virgil, Homer, and other poets, with frontis-
pieces of all kinds, are too numerous to insert, but the following aire
reekoned the best of has works* ^^
The Last Supper; a larger upright plate from Nicholas Poussin.
The Angel appearing to Joseph ; a middliag^sized upright platei
after Ph. Champagne.
A Crucifixion ; the same, from the same.
Charles the First of England on horseback; a large, half-tjieft
print; the face of whush was afterward taken out, attd that of
OUirer Cromwell substituted in its stead.
A set of twelve hsdf-Iengths,tien of whichare ladies^frbm'^^am^ykeb
Oliver Cromwell, with his page; a half-sheet print, after Widlier.
. Walker the painter; a small uprighi*-plate, an oval, in 4to.
Sir Samuel Moreland, after Lelj^an. ova), in 4to.
Ann Hyde, dutchess of York; an^al, in octavo; after the samel.
VOL. V. . 2 X
338 BIOGRAPHrCAL! HISTORY
• Samuel Malines^-a'small half-ah^tprint, in an oval; ' :
Dr. Charlton; anovali in octavo; with many 'foreign portnuts'
eqnially- meritorious*
He also engraved from Raphael, Annibale Carraci, Guide, Vig-
iion,.Le Febure, and other masters; these prints are dated from.
1654, to 1671. He used a markroccasionally, composed of.aT.
and an L; joined together:
L A. HERTOCKS ; from, a drawing in the poms-
sion of Mr. Robert GravCy formerly Mr. W. Oldys.^
R.GravejJun. sc. Svo.
' Hertocks was an industrious engraver^ by whose labours-many
of the publications of the seventeenth century were adorned, with
sculptures. The partiality of parents to their children cannot per-
haps be better proved, than in instances relative to the arts.: If a
boy be discovered tracing out uncouth forms upon.a wall, the father,
proud of the display of genius, which he conceives to be evident.in
the performance of his son, resolves to make an artist of him. The
youth is persuaded, and a master is accordingly procured without
further consultation. By this, hasty determination, much usefol
tiole is often lost, and a bad artist left, to struggle with poverty;
who in any other more eligible pursuit, might have.procured a. com-
fortable subsistence for^ himsielf and benefitted the rest of mankind.
But even supposing such- a lad to be fond of the pursuit himself,
if he mistakes that partiality for a natural genius, all his produc-
tions will manifest the laboured formality and stiffness of practice
and study, unassisted by taste. To one of these causea it was. pro-
bably owing, that we meet with the name of Hertocks. in the list of
artists. He worked with the graver only, in a neat, stiff style. His
portraits are the best part of his works; for. where he attempted
the naked figure, 'as in some of his frontispieces, his draining is
belbw criti^nsm : hisbest heads are those of
Sir Francis Wortley, knight, prisoner in the Tower of London^
ins^r^otfri dated' 1652; a small half-sheet plate.
' Gideon Harvey; a small upright oval print. .
A. Brome, dated 1661 ; a. small upright print in an oval frame.
Sir Edward Nicholas, secretary of state; an oval print, on a small
*half-sheet. .
op ENGLAND. 339
JOSfiPH RO*riER, cydevant graveur de la mo-
noye de Charles 11. d'Angleterre.
' This print was done when he was in the service of Lewis XIV.'
^ ' There #ere three brothers of the name of Rotier ; John, Joseph,
and Philip, who were employed as engravers of coins and medals
to Charles 11. The celebrated Simon, who had served the republic
-and Cromwell in the same capacity, was displaced, and the two
first of these brothers were,upon his removal, taken into the king'«
service ; and soon after, their youngest brother. Upon this Simon
engraved the famous crown piece, which recovered his salary.*
Joseph afterward entered into the service of the French king.
MUSICIANS.
JOHN WILSON, doctor of music; oval; Ato. mezz.
I do not remember to have seen this print any where,
.but in the Pepysian Library, at Magdalen College, in
Cambridge. The name is in manuscript. There is a
portrait of him in the Music School, at Oxford.
John Wilson, Mus. D. copied from the above.
E. Harding so. 4to.
John Wilson ; a circle. J. Caldwall; in Hawkins's
^^ History.''
Dr. John Wilson, who, as Mr. Wodd informs us, was an admi^
rable lutanist, and the most noted musician in England, in the reign
Df Charles I. was gentleman of the chapel, and musician in ordi^
nary to that prince. In 1656 he was constituted music professor
in the university of Oxford. Upon the return of Charles II. he
was restored to his former places^ and also appointed one of the
choir in Westminster Abbey.— He turned a considerable part of
* Round the edge of this beautiful' piece is engraved the following petition :
" Thomas Simon most humbly prays yonr majesty to compare this his tryal piece
with the Dutch ; and if more truly drawn and embossed, more' gracefully ordered,
and more accurately engraven, to relieve him."
34^ BIOGR^'PHIC^b H&STORY
tbe ** iBikon BwUke" into Yer3e,.axid tet it .-to nusie : lie daD set
and published a great variety of songs and ballads, divine ^nricci^
and anthems, of which the Oxfbrd antiquary halt given ns Sb i^
cQunt. in. the archives of that university, is pres^^ed a aiiMU
.^er^t by hiai, which contains musical compositiona adapted' ^
fi0veral odes of Horace, and other pieces of tl^ Boman poets, fir
was a maAr of a mercurial temper, and had a stropg pr<qieQsitf t$
bjuffoonery* Ok. 22 Feb. 1673, M. 78. See the reiga of
£aAtius I. Cless X. article Oouter.
HENRICUS PURCEIX, M. M J i^ng wig, pint-
lace neckcloth ; h. sk.
Henry Purcell, JBf. 67 4696; h. sh. J. Closter-
man; R. White.
PtTRcjsLLj n head. Sir G. KneUer; HolUmay.
Henry Purge ll ; in Hawkins's '^Hist. of Grigmfftf
Henry Purcell, the celebrated author of the " Orpheus Britan*
nicus/' began early to distinguish himself in music. As his genius
was original, it wanted but little forming ; and he rose to the height
of his profession, with more ease than others pass through their
rudiments. He was made organist to Westminster Abbey, in tbe
latter end of this reign. In that of William, he set several songs
for Drydeii's " Amphitryon," and his " King Arthur, or the British
Worthy ;** which were received with just applause. That great
poet, who thought the defects of his own compositums abundantly
supplied by those of Purcell, has pronounced him equal to the best
masters of music abroad.* His notes, in his operas, were admi-
rably adapted to his words, and so echoed to the senses that the
• See the dedications to the ♦' Araphitryon," and ♦* King Arthur."
Other poets, besides Di-ydeo, have been greatly indebted to this celebrated com*
pbscr, as appears from the following lines :
To Mr. Henry PurcelK
" To you a tribute from each muse is due ;
The whole poetic tribe's obliged to you :
For ^rely none but jou, with equal ease,
Could add to Daviri and make D'Urfey pleaset"
. OF BNGLANO. 941
itimdtf jdoM feemed capable of exciting^ those passions which
A19 iieTer foiled to do in conjanction. His music was very difit-
tfott firom the Italian : it was entirely English ; it was masculine.
H^died ibe %Ut of Not. 1695, in the thirty-seventh year of hb
^g^ and was buried in Westminster Abbey. ** He is gone, says
tk% author of his epitaph, ** to that blessed place where only his
^Murmony can be exceeded/'* Daniel Purcell, some time organist
s^ Magdalen College, in Oxford, and afterward of St. Andrew's,
Holbom, was his brother. He was notorious for his puns.t
There is a portrait of Henry Purcell which belongs to the reigpi of
'William HI.
CHRISTOPHORUS SIMPSON. Before his '' Com-
fendium of practical Musicy' 1666; 8w. / am in-
formed that there is a whole length of hhn^ pl^i^g <^
ike viola da gamba, h. sh.
See an account of the author, and this book, in the Inter-
JOHN PLAYFORD, M. 38. Gaywoodf \2mo.
Johannes Playford* Loggan sc. 8vo.
John Playford, JEt. 40, 1663 ; l2mo.
Johannes Playford, JEt. 57. Van Hove ^c. 8m.
The two last are before different editions of his '' Introduction
to the Skill of Music.*' The date of his age on the last print seems
to have been altered, as it is 47 in Mr. Ames's Catalogue.
John Playford, who kept a music shop near the Temple-gate in
London, was author of '< An Introduction to the Skill of Music,"
pul)Iished in 1655, and often reprinted. Mr. Wood informs us,
that he was assisted in this work by Charles Pidgeon, of Gray's
Inn, and that he was indebted fgtr a considerable part of it to
* I rausl acknowledge myself indebted for several anecdotes concerning nwsi-
crans, and some insigbt into their cbaracteri, to Dr. Higrcs, the ingenious professor
oi music at Oxford.
t See the Jest Books, passim.
1342 BIOGRAPHICAL HISTORY
Thomas Motley's ** Introdaction to fifusic/' printed in folio, 1597.^
The latter editions of it have the manner and order of perfotiliiii^
divine service in cathedral and colleg^late churches^ '8uh}oinedt6
'them. He was editor of '* The Book of Psalms and Hymns tft
'Metre» with all their usual and proper tunes/' &c. Tins was eor*
i^cted by Henry Purcell, and was sometimes bound with the
'*' Book of Common Prayer/' He also published ^* Airs and Songs
for the Theorbo Lute, or Bass Viol.**
THOMAS MACE, Trin. Coll. Cantabr. clericus;
JBf. 63. Hen. Coke p. W. Fait home sc. Before his
book; fol 1676.
Thomas Mace was author of a book entitled, '* Mo8ick'$
Monument, or a Remembrancer of the best practical Musick,
both divine and civil, that has ever been known to have been
in the world : divided into three Parts." The first part shews
a necessity of singing psalms well in parochial churches, or not
to sing at all ; directing how they might be well sung, -ftc. . The
second part treats of the lute; the third of the viol. — Psal-
mody has been much improved both as to inusic and mediod
since Mace^s time. The finest psalm tunes ever composed are
those of Marcello, which the Rev, Mr. Mason, well known by bis
poetical works, has caused to be sung in his parish church. f There
is an excellent method, or course of singing in churches, in Bisjiop
Gibson's " Appendix to his Directions to the Clergy of the Diocese
of London.*'
MR. JENKINS, an eminent master of music, flourished in this
reigu, but I believe no portrait of him has been engraved.
FRANCESCO CORBETTA, famosissimo Mastro
- di Chittarra, qtial Orfeo, nel Suonar ogn'un il narra*
H. Gascar p. h. sh. mezz.
• '* Fasti Oxon," i. coK 134.
t ** Marcello, a noble Venetian, set tlie first fifty psalms to music. In this he
has united the simplicity and pathos of the ancient music with the grace and variety
of the modern."— Dr. Gregory's *« Comparative View," &c. p. 153, edit. 4.
\ . OF E;N0LAND. - 343
; Fkanceaco CoRBETXAr V. B€rgJie;'4to. '
A guitar in the band of Corbetta, who was justly admired by the
longy 'aeemed to be. an instrument of much greater compass and
ibvce. Mr. Pope, in the following lines, hints at the vogue of this
uuttrument in the reig^ of Charles.
*' No wonder then, when all was love and sport.
The* willing nioses were debauched at coun :
On each enervaU Uring they taught the note
To pant, or tremble through an eunuch's throat."*
Ghit. of the 1st Epist. of the 2d Book of Horace.
CHRISTOPHER GIBBONS. J. Caldwall sc. a
* -
circle. In Hawkins's ** History of Music''
•
Christopher Gibbons, son of the celebrated Orlando Gibbons,
after receiving, a musical education from his uncle, Mr. Ellis Gib-
bons, organist of Bristol, became a chorister in the chapiel of King
Charles the First ; and, at the restoration , was appointed principal
^g&nist of the chapel of King Charles the Second, organist in
private to his majesty, and organist of Westminster Abbey. The
king had so great a partiality for him, that he was induced to give
^ geraonal recommendation* to the university of Oxford, requekdng
that he might be admitted to the degree of doctor in music. This
he Was honoured with, July 1664. ' He died in the parish of St.*
Margaret, Westminster, 1676, being more' celebrated for his skill
Ui playing the organ, than for his compositions. -
MATTHEW LOCK. J. Caldwall sc. Jn Hawkins's
^^ History of Music."
* Dr. Browne, in his " Estimate of the Manners and Principles of the Times/*t
t.bas censures the guitar: *' The liarpsichord, an instrument of power and •corapessi
Is now going out of use. The guitar, a trifling instrument in itself, and generally
^Kiwaaught.in tlie. most ignorant and. trifling nianoer; is adopted in its place; while
Yhe theorbo and lute, the noblest, becaqse the roost expressive and pathetic of all
accompaniments, are altogether laid aside. What ii the reasoni of this? Because
the guitar i> a plaything for a child; tlie harpsichord and lute require application.*'
t Vol.. ji, p. 77, 78, «t4it.4758.
344 BIOORieMtlCAl tflSTTORY
Matthev lock was pupil to Edward QtUxniiy itnd doe of the
choristers in .the .cathedral church of Exeter, and. very early jat-
tained a considerable degree of eminence in his profession. Hc^
composed the music for the public entry of. King Charles tbft.
Second, and was appointed composer in ordinary to that monarch*
He is said to have first published rules for thorough bass : and was
the composer of the music to ShaksqpeareV Macbeth awl the Tem-
pest, as altered by Sir William Dvfenaiit, He i^pears to have
been of an unpleasant and quarrelsome disposiddn. Towards the
latter part of his life. Lock became a Roman Catholic, and was
appointed organist to Catherine of Portugal, the contort of King'
Charles the Second. Ob. 1677. See '< Musical Biography,'' 1811
EDWARD LOW ; in the titk to his " Directiomfor
Performance of the Cathedral Service j^^ 1664 ; 8vo.
Edward Low, originally a chorister in Salisbuiy cathedral, suc-
ceeded William Stonard as organist of Christ Church about 1630i
and was afterward public professor of the musical pra»s in th^
yniversity of Oxford, and author of a ^^ Short Direction for the per-
formance of the Cathedral Service;'' printed at Oxon^ 166(1. A
second edition, with additions, relating to the ComnK>n Prsyer, &c.
was published 1664, with his portrait in the title* Wood says he
was judicious in his profession, but not graduated therein. He
died 1682, and was buried in the divinity chapel adjoining to
Christ Church, near the body of Alice, his wife, daughter of Sir
Robert Peyton, the younger, of Dodington, in the Isle of Ely,
knight.
WRITING MASTERS, &c.
EDWARD COCKER. Gaywood f. four EngU
verses.
Edward Cocker ; aval ; flourished ornaments^ viz.
Mars, Minerva, 8$c. oblong ; folio.
Edward Cocker. Van Hove so. Before his '^ Eng-
lish Dictionary,'' in small 8w,— See the Interregnum.
OF ENGLAND. 345
THOMAS WESTON. R. White sc. 1682; h. sh.
prefixed to his " Ancilla Caligraphia''
' Thomas Weston was author of a book of writing and drawing, and ,
I think) of a treatise of arithmetic : queere. He has been confounded
with James Weston, a much later author, who pubUshed " A new
Method of Short-Hand;" which has been several times printed.
At the conclusion of his advertisement to the second edition are
these words : ** N. B. If his book does not teach any purchaser
perfectly, he hereby obliges himself to teach him gratis.*'
MASON, teacher of short-hand.* U?ider the head
are these lines :
** liet Shelton, Rich, and all the rest go down ;
Bring here your golden pen, and laurel crown :
Great Mason*s nimbler quill outstrips the wind,
And leaves the voice, alaiost the thoughts, behind,
la vain may Momus snarl ; he soars on high,
Praise he commands, and envy does defy."
S. W.
6vo. Before his " Art's Advancement.''
This author endeavoured to improve upon Jeremiah Rich*s
scheme, in his '^ Pen plucked from an Eagle's Wing." But he was
more successful in his '' Art's Advancement, or an exact Method
of Short-Hand ;" founded on a plan of his own. His last treatise,
entitled, ** La Plume volante," is his masterpiece. He was by many
supposed tohdive carried this art to a higher degree of perfection than
any of his predecessors. His " Short-Hand improved" has been
lately reprinted. He was famous for writing much in a little com-
pass ; for which Biddlecomb, who belonged to the choir of Salis-
bury, and several others, have been noted.
SAMUELIS BOTLEY; 1674, Mt 33; sia; English
verses; Svo.
• His portrait may be placed in either of the two following reigns.
VOL, V, 2 Y
346 BIOGRAPH|CJ^L HISTORY
Samuel BoTLEY. W. Dplle ^. ^fva. Afi^rmri
reduced and prefixe4 to a school-book.
Samuel PpM^J ^^ ^utbpir of '^ Mazimmn m MinimQ, or Mr.
Jeremiah Rich> Peii> Dextaity completed," 1674. Thi§ bo0ki|
entirely eogri^v^4*
WILLIAM HOf KINS, Drapentitr ^c. \2ma,
William Hopkins, teacher of the art of short-hand, was author
of abook, entitled « The Flying Penman," 1674, 12mo.
There is a print of ZEBELINA, a teacher of short-
hand, by Faithome ; and another of LE BELOMAN,
or Belonian, who was of the same profession^ and
very probably, by the. same engraver.
I know nothing of these persons.
TRADESMEN, MECHANICS, &c.
JACOB' TON SON, a bookseller of prime note, printed several
of the works of Mr. Dryden, and other eminent authors In the reign
of Charles II. The first edition of the *•* Spanish Friar" was printed
for Richard and Jacob Tonson, at Gray's-Inn-gate, in Gray's-Inn-
lane, and at the Judge*s Head, in Chancery-lane, 1681." His por-
trait belongs to the reign of Anne.
The most flourishing bookseller at t^iis period ws* George Saw-
bridge, who left each of his ^our daughters 10,000/. He was suc-
ceeded in trade by Awnsha^m Churchill, bis apprentice- In dve
reign of Charles I. and the former part of this reign« ther^ ^^r^
but two or three eminent booksellers in the kingdom, who em-
ployed persons to collect for them at home and abroad, and sold
their refuse to infi^ripr trade^men^
EDWARDUS COWPER. J. Vander Vaart p. Pel-
ham f. 1724; mezz.
OF BNGLANb, 347
Edward Cooper #as a retj considerable printieller in the latter
ind 6f this reign, and was a thriving man in trade for a long course
»f years. His name is affixed to a great number of meaiotiat06«
RICHARD THOMPSON* G.Soust (or ZoustJjK
F. Place/, h. sh. mezz.
This is esteemed the best of Place's pbrtrafts.
Richard Tompson was certainly a printseller ; bnt I am m some
knibt whether he was an engraver. I have seen the words Tomps&m
jKwdU to mezzotintos of the Dutchess of Portsmouth, the Conntessf
»f Exeter, the Countess of Stamford, the Lord John and Lord Ber*
isird Stuart, Mrs. Davis, and several others, but never Tampsom
'ecit. It would perhaps be needless to inform the reader, that th«
rord excmiit is generally used by those that take off prints at the
olling-presSy and fecit by those that engrave them.
It has been already observed, that Tompson, who employed Van
Corner to engrave for him, has been confounded with that artist.
JOHANNES BULFINCH. Loggan sc. \2mo.
I have been informed that Balfinch> who was a printseller in the
alter end of the reign of Charles II. was living, and in the same
>rofessiou, in the feign of Anne ; but know not when he died. He
vas a great lover, and also a collector of pictures. It is observable
faat all persons, whose occupatiofis have any sort of connexion
leith design^ are apt to grow enamoured of the works of eminent'
aasters, from the history^painter down to the pattern-dravrer and
irintseller.
I have seen some aathentie drawings of portraits, which certainly*
lelonged to Bnlfinch, and which are said to have been taken, by
lis own hand, from original paintings.
RICHARDUS COLLINS, natus Oxoni©, Maij 19,
1642. J. Browne del. et sc. 1676, in Tedbury; 8vo.
This man was supervisor of the 'excise in the city of Bristol,
t677. The portrait is prefixed to his " Gauger's Vade Mecum "
1677; 8vo.
. * He spelt bn name Tainp.8on.
348 BIOGRAPHICAL HISTORY
ROSE, gardener to the Dutchess of Cleve-
land, presenting the first pine-apple cultivated in Eng-
land to Charles II. at Dawney Court, in Buckingham-
shire. JK. Grave sc. h. sh.
The restoration of Charles the Second, introduced into England
a taste for cultivating gardens and pleasure-grounds unknown to
this country before. Le Notre, a celebrated French gardener, was
employed by the king, to improve St. James*8 Park, and the trees
tliat at present ornament the Mall, and Birdcage- walk, were planted
by him. About this period, Mr. Evelyn produced his well-known
essay on gardening, in which he notices this Rose, and mentions
the picture of him presenting the pine-apple to the king, in the
collection at Kensington Palace. He was in the service of Barbara
Villiers, dutchess of Cleveland, and availed himself of one of the
royal visits, to her grace's seat at Dawney Court, to introduce the
fruit of his cultivation to the hands of the king.
•
ACTORS.
MICHAEL MOHUN ; from an original picture in
the collection of his Grace the Duke of Dorset. E.
Harding, jun. sc. 4to.
Michael Mohun was bred to the profession of an actor ; having
(as we learn from Wright, in his Historia Histrionica), when a boy,
been apprentice to Christopher Beeston (a contemporary with
Shakspeare), at the Cock-pit, in Drury-lane ; where, as was then
the custom for boys and young men, he played female characters.
In 1640, he performed Bellamonte, in Shirley's Love's Cruelty,
which part he resumed after the restoration.
On the breaking out of the civil war between Charles I. and his
parliament, with the consequent shutting up of the theatres, and
dispersion of the players, Mohun, with most of the English actors
then existing, became a volunteer in defence of his sovereign ; and
at the battle of Edge-hill, 1642, in which the king was victorious,
the major under whom he served, and by whose side he bravely
fought, being shot, our young cavalier immediately and essentially
supplied his place ; for which he was afterward rewarded with the
permanent rank he had, pro tempore, so gallantly sustained.
OF ENGLAND. 349
During the Protectorate, Wright, says Mohun, served in Flanders,
ivhere he received pay as a major; but according to that stage-
bistoriany he was only a captain in the royal army. Gibber, in his
apology, says, that Mohun and Hart had severally borne the king's
commission of major and captain in the civil wars.
After the restoration of Charles II. he became one of a newr
iofmed company, composed of the collected relics of all the old
ones; and acted at the Bull, in St. John's-street ; then at a new
lioase, as Downes terms it, in Gibbon's Tennis-court, in Vere-
•treet, Clare-market; and, in 1663, at the new theatre in Drury-
hne; where Mohun and his associates were first honoured with the
title of his majesty's company of comedians : the principal sharers
in which company, Mohun, Hart, &c. (as it is recorded by Wright),
gained 1000/. per annum each, on a division of the profits.
Hart and Mohun were the two great luminaries of the theatrical
hemisphere ; but the latter seems to have been preferred, at least
On one occasion by Charles II. who, seeing them both perform in a
new play, said that Mohun, or Moon, as his name was usually
pronounced, shone like the sun, and Hart like the moon.
When Major Mohun was born, and when he died, are circum-
stances unknown ; of his parentage we are also uninformed.
WILLIAM CARTWRIGET; from an original pic-
ture in Dulwich College. Clamp sc. 4to. In Waldron's
•Shakspearean Miscellany.
William Cartwright was one of Killegrew's company at the ori-
^pxaX establishment of Drury-lane, where he played FaJstaff. This
l^rformer, by his will dated September, 1686, left his books and
IMCtures, several articles of furniture, and 390 pieces of gold, to
Dulwich College ; but his servants, defrauded the college of the
greater part both of the furniture and money, of which they re-
ceived only .65/.
Adjoining the audit-room of the college is a small library, in
which are the books bequeathed to the college by Mr. Cartwright.
This library formerly contained a very valuable collection of old
plays, which were given by the college to Mr. Garrick, when he
was making his theatrical collection, in exchange for some more
modem publications. There still remain some scarce editions of
books in various departments of literature, as it may be imagined
360 BIOGRAPHICAL HISTORY
wotild be found ftndongsfc Ihtf stock In traidd g§ « l^ookseller who
)»9ed in llbe lAiddle of thfe 17tk e^nttfry.
Fisom Carl^f rigkt's having been a bookdeH^r, ^ t^ell as m it^^f,
we laay infer tbat be was iadustrious ; from his %tb^ possessed of
so much property^ that ke was prudeDt ; imd, fttitik hid libera} be^
<]iiest to Diilwich College, that he was chantable.
The poiitr^t of Cartwright, which* w^ painted- by GVeenhill iik
hf» best mfftnnteii, represents him in ft h^ofA fo^e and d^wifig peftdce^
with hie hand on a; dog's head.
JOSEPH HARRIS, in the character of Cardinal
Wotsey ; h. sh. mezz. in the Pep^sian lAbrary, Cam-
bridge; rare.
Joseph Baaris, comlediatt ; /re^ an original pic-
ttcre in the collection of the Earl of Orfofd, dt Straw-
berry-MIL E\ Harding sc. Ato.
In theyeai* 1659J Gigneral Monfc,then marchittg his s^tmy out of
Scotland to Londorf, Mr. Rhddes, a bookseller, formerly wanf-
robe-keeper to King Charles the First's company of comedians in
Blackfriars^ getting a licence from the then governing state^
fitted up a house for actitig cstHed the Cock-pit, in Dfury-lane, and
in a diort tiiti^ coii^pTeted his company, among whom wsk the cele<»
brated Betterton. After this company had performed there some
time. Sir William Davenant gained a patent from the king, and
created Mr. Bettertdn, and all the rest of RhodesV corttpailyj the
■king's servants ; who were sWorri by my Lofd Mfemchestcr, theA
lofrd-chamberfain, to serve his- royal hJghness the Duke of Ydrik, al
the theatre in Lincoln *s-Inn-fields, wheti th6 folfowing' ftW* new
a^ors were engaged by Sir William, to complete the coiriparrf he
had from' Mr. Rhodes:— Mr. Harris^ Mr, ^cfe, Mir. Riehttfds^
and Mr. Blagden.
The newt theatre in Lincolii^s^ltin-fields opened in the spi'ing,
166^, with the fim and second part of the S^ge (tf Rho(ks, having
new scenes and decorations^ being the first that were itftFodHced in
England. Mt. Betterton acted- Solymai$ the Magnifkent, zxid Mn
Martin Alpificmo. This play' was followed b»f*the tragfedy of ifamZer,
in which Harris played Horatio, Soon a^ter cttime out Lett tmd
^[imcnifir^ wmter.bySir W^UiaaS-Davenant : UuS'playwtjS^eldy «l€Pdied;
OF ENGLAND. 351
the kisg giving Mr. Betterton his coronition wok, in which he aoted
the part of Prince Aharo, The Dnke of York giving Mr. Harris
hb, who did Prince PiOipcro; and mj Lord of Oxford gave Mr.
Joseph Price his, who did liojir/, the Duke of Parma*s son.
By the variety of parts Harrb Hutained, we may fairiy conjee-
tore that he was a general as well as a favenrite actor; and com-
plete master of his profession. His principal parts were Romeo,
Stt Andrew Ague-cheek, Harry the Fifth, Cardinal Wolsey, Med-
ley in the Man of Mode, or the Fop's Fortune, and Sir Joslin Jolly
in She Won'd if She Cou*d. He ekher died, or left the stage, some
years before the union of the king^ and Duke of York's company,
&r Qo mention of his name a^ears in aay ^mnatist persona of a
new play after the year 1676«
CLASS XL
LADIES, kc.
IJUTCHESSBS.
JANE, dutchesa of Norfoll^, wife ta Henry, duke of
^^orfolk, earl-m^rshal of England. Lelyif. 1677; Rich.
Collin J chalcogr. regUy ^c, 1681 ; sh.
This lady, who was a great beauty, was daughter of Robert
^ickerton,f gentleman of the winO'Cellar to Charles II. and second
^ife to Henry, duke of Norfolk.. She ^lar^iecl tp her second husr
kand Colonel Thomas Maxwell, of an ancient fttmity in Scotland,!
^bo became afterward major-general of the army, and commander
^Ijlij^. 4?ragoons i^i.lBel^.
* James Bickerton, his father, was lord of Cash, in Scotland,
t Wood's 'SFast^'^tt. coU 17&
352
BIOGRAPHICAL HISTORY
" SARA, illustrissima ducissa Somersetenaia, ei
gente Alstoniana, in agro Bedfordlensi : T. M. Q. F.
M. S. P.
SarEE, illustpIssimEB nuper Ducissae Somersetensis,
Sempiterna in Pauperes Benignitate celeberrims.
QuEe
Puerorum Ergo,
Scholam Gramtnatices apud Tottenham, in Com. Mid. inslitoil-
Proventum Veridi-tog^torum Westm, lOQge adaniit.
Ad Juvenes Spei optimse in Fietate et Literis pronioTendos,
Collegia
^nei Nasi Oxon.
Et D. Johan. Cantab.
in perpetuum ditavit.
Nee non alios Meclianicis Artibus aptandos curaTit.
Senectutis studiosa,
Hospitium extrui etdotari fecit,
in Subsidium triglnta Viduarum,
apud Froxfield, in Comit. Wilton.
Egenis de Paroch. D. Marg. Westm.
unde melius alereutur,
Vectigal perenne constitmt,
Nonnullas insuper Ecclesias
Ornamentis permagnificis
splendide decora vit.
Obiit VIII. Kal. Nov.
1692."
G. Vertuesc. 1736; large h. sh.
The plate whence this print was taken is iu the cusldi
of the ?naster of St. John's College, in Cambridge.
There is a portrait of this dutchess of Somerset, by Sir Peter I^lli
in the library of the same college.
- OF ENGLAND. 353
The Dutchess of Somerset. Leljfp.Vandervaartf.
I. sh. mezz.
These is a mezzotinto print of a young lady of about seven years
»f age, inscribed " The. Dutchess of Somerset." It is done after a
tainting of Sir Peter Lely, and was sold by Alexander Browne.
2u. if the above lady, when a child, or the Lady Elizabeth Percy,
^ho was first married to Henry Cavendish, earl of Ogle, next was
claimed in marriage by Thomas Thynne, esq. and lastly married to
I^harles Seymour, duke of Somerset. It is most probable that it
s the portrait of the latter, as she was certamly married to the
luke in this reign.* But if it represents either of these ladies, the
nscription is equally improper.
FRANCES, dutchess of Richmond, &c. R. Robin-
son inv^. (del.) etf. large h. shi mezz.
The Dutchess of Richmond. Wissing p. R. Wil-
liamsf. 4to. mezz.
Frances, dutchess of Richmond. J. V. S. (John
Van Somer)/. Lloyd exc. 4to. mezz.
Frances Theresa, dutchess of Richmond. H.
Gascar p. whole lengthy in the character of Pallas ;
scarce.
Frances Stuart, dutchess of Richmond; whole
length; mezz.
Frances Stuart, dutchess of Richmond. Lelj/;
T. Watson ; mezz. from the original in the gallery at
Windsor.
Frances Stuart, dutchess of Richmond. Charles
Rivers sculp, from the painting at Kensington Palace.
* See the Dedication to Elizabeth, dutchesi of Somerset, before Bankt'f " Vir-
tue Betrayed, or Anne Bollen ;" 1682 ; 4to.
VOL. V. 2 z
364 BIOGRAPHICAL HISTORY
Miss SrEtTART, dutchess of Rkhmond. W. N.
Gardiner f. from the original by Sir P. Ldy at Hag-
ley Park; in Grammonfs ^^ Memoirs,'' 1809, 8vo.
Her portrait is among the beauties at Windsor^ and her effigy in
wax is preserved in Westminster Abbey.
The t)utchess of Richmond, who is better known by the name of
Mrs. Stuart, was a daughter of Captain Walter Stuart^ son of Lord
Blantyre, a Scottish nobleman. She was perhaps the finest figtu^
that ever appeared in the court of Charles II. Such were the at-
tractives of her person, -that, even in the presence of Lady Castle-
insune, she drew upon her the eyes of every beholder. It was sup*
posed that Charles would have divorced his queen, and raised ber
to the throne : certain it is that she made the deepest impression
upon the heart of that monarch ; and his passion for her was daily
increasing when she murried the Duke of Bichmotid. All the ragt
of a disappointed lover fell upon the duke, his consort, and the Earl
of Clarendon, who was supposed to be Instrumental to the match.
Her wit was so far from being extraordinary, that it stood in need
of all her beauty to recommend it. See more of her in Lord Cla-
rendon*s *' Continuation of the Account of his own Life.'' There is
a good deal of her secret history in the ** Memoires de Grammont/'
written by Count Hamilton.*
* Lee has dedicated bis '* Theodosias'' to ber, and has complimented ber beauty in
roucb tbe same strain as he has characterized the courage of Alexander the Great
" To behofd you, says he, is to make prophets quite forget their heaven, and bind
the poets with eternal rapture." — Philip Kotier, one of the engravers of medall to
Charles II. is supposed, by Mr. Waipole, to have been tbe person, " who being iu
love with the fair Mrs. Stuart, afterward dutcbess of Richmond, represented bet-
likeness, under the form of a Britannia, on tbe reverse of a large medal, with ilie
king's head."t The medal, engraved by Vertue, is in Fenton*s edition of Walkf^*
*' Poems." The following epigram upon it was written by that poet : the observa-
tions annexed are by the ingenious editor.
Our guard upon the royal side !
On the reverse^iir beauty's pride !
Here we discern the frown and smile ;
The force and glory of our isle.
In the rich medal, both io like
Immortals stand, it seems antique ;
t Sec " Anec. of Painting,*' ii. p. 94. Sec also Evelyn's " Numismala," p. 97,
28. 13f .
jiey^uUefjc'dfOiLicma. HC
(vn 7
^rU ij-Wr&*tiuu4fm J»h l^ifloiM*^'"' il° W SC»«^,
IH
OF ENGLAND. 355
MARY, dutchess of Buckingham. S. Cooper p.
Worlidgef. a small oval. From an original picture at
Strawberry 'hill.
Ma EY, dutchess of Buckingham. Claussin fecit ; in
Harding's '' Grammont r ^to. 1793.
Mary, sole daughter and heiress of Thomas, lord Fairfax, and
wife of George VillierSy duke of Buckingham, was a woman of little
or no beauty,* but of great virtue and piety. The duke, who seemed
to b^^U ma»kind*s epitome, well knew how to assume at leasts the
character of an affectionate husband ; and loved her, very probably
in her turn, as she was a complying and contented wife. A man
who could equally adapt himself to the presbyterian Fairfax and
the irreligious Charles, could with great ease, become a civil and
obliging husband to a woman who was never disposed to check the
carrent of his humour, or correct the eccentricity of his course. She
4ied in 1705, in the 66th year of her age.
ANNE, dutchess of Albemarle ; sold by R. Gam-'
man ; h. sh.
Cmnr'd by some master, when the bold
Greeks made their Jove descend hi gold ;
And Danae, wond'ring at that show'r.
Which falling storra'd her braaen tow'r.
hritannia there, the fort in vain
Had battered been wilh golden min :t
Thonder itself had fail'd to pass ;
Virtue's a stronger gnard than brass.
** Roti (Rotier), the celebrated graver to Charles II. was so passionate an admirer
of tlie beautiful Mrs. Stuart, afterward dutchess of Ridimoiid, that, on the reverse
of ihe best of our coin, he delineated the face of Britannia from lier picture. And
in aonie medals, where he had more room to display both his art and affection, the
•Imilitude of feature is said to have been so exact, that every one who knew her grace
could, at the Brst view, discover who sat for Britannia."
* Her person is said to have been low and fat. See Ives's ** Select Papers," p. 40.
t That is, had the lady, who appears in the character of Britannia on the medal,
been in DaiiJie's place, Jove's attempt upon her had been in vain, as was Charles's
ou Mrs. Stuart Sec Burnet, i. ^51, &c. Clarendon's " Continuation," p. 338.
356 BIOGRAPHICAL HISTORY
Anne, dutchess of Albemarle ; standing hand in
hand with the duke ; sold, by Stent; very bad.
Anne, dutchess of Albemarle ; m an oval ofjoliagt.
W. Richardson.
Anne Clarges, dutchess of Albemarle, was the daughter of a
blacksmith,* -who gave her an education suitable to the employment
she was bred to, which was that of a milliner. As the manners are
generally formed early in life, she retained something of the smith's
daughter, even at her highest elevation. She was first the mistress,
and afterward the wife, of General Mohck ; who had such an opi-
nion of her understanding, that he often consulted her in the great-
est emergencies. As she was a thorough royalist, it is probable tbat
she had no inconsiderable share in the restoration. . She is sup-
posed to have recommended several of the privy-counsellors in the
list which the general presented to the king soon after his landing.
It is more than probable that she carried on a very lucrative trade
in selling of offices, which were generally filled by such as gave-her
most money.f She was an implacable enemy to Lord Clarendon ;
and had so great an influence over .her husband as to prevail vith
him to help ruin that excellent man, though he was one of his best
friends. Indeed the general was afraid to offend her, as she pre-
sently took fire ; and her anger knew no bounds. She was a great
mistress of all the low eloquence of abusive rage, and seldom failed
to discharge a volley of curses against such as thoroughly provoked
her.J Nothing is more certain, than that the intrepid commander,
who was never afraid of bullets, was often terrified by the fury of his
wife.
* The following quotation is from a manuscript of Mr. Aubrey, in Ashmole's Mu-
seum : " When he (Monk) was prisoner in the Tower, his sempstress, Nan Ciarges,
a blacksmith's daughter, was kind to him in a double capacity. It must be remem-
bered that he was then in want, and that she assisted him. Here she was got with
child. She was not at all handsome, nor cleanly : her mother was one of the five
women barbers, and a woman of ill fame. A ballad was made on her and the other
four : the burden of it was,
♦* Did you ever hear the like,
Or ever hear the fame.
Of five women barbers.
That lived in Drury-lane."
t See the " Continuation of Lord Clarendon's Life," p. 46.
♦ Vide tlie " Contin. of Lord Clarendon's Life," p. 621.
OP ENGLAND. 3B^i
ELIZABETH, dutchess of Albemarle. Sherwiri f.
h, sh. mezz. Extremely scarce.
Elizabeth, daughter of Lord Ogle, was married to Christopher,
son and heir to George, duke of Albemarle, when he was only
sixteen years of age. Christopher, in the year 1670, succeeded
his father in title and estate. The wayward and peevish temper of
his dutchess made him frequently think a bottle a much more
desirable companion. She espoused to her'second husband, Ralph,
lord Montagu,* who, in 1705, was created lord Monthermer and
duke of Montagu .f She survived him many years, and died of
mere old age, the 28th of August, 17 38, leaving no issue by either
of her husbands.
ANNE, dutchess of Monmouth ; inscribed *^ Ca-
tharina Demodemaj' S^c. Lely p. Shenckf. h. sh. mezz.
* As this great lady had an immense estate from her noble ancestors, she was
determined, after the Dake of Albemarle's death, to give her hand to nobody but
a sovereign prince. Lord Montagu therefore courted, and married her, as emperor
of China. This, story was brought on the stage in the comedy of ther<5 Double
Gallant, or sick Lady's Cure;" written by Colley Cibber. Her grace, who lived
for some time at Montagu-house, and died in Clerkenwell, was, as may well be
SDpposed, disordered in her head, and saw ho company; but, to her death, was
constantly served on the knee as a sovereign. As the duke,X her second husband,
confined her, be was obliged by her relations to produce her in open court,* to as-
certain that she was alive. Soon -after her death, which was in a very advanced
age, the savings of her estate, after an allowance of 3,000/. a year for the main-
tenance of her rankt were divided among her own relations. I shall add to this
note, which I owe to Mr. Horace Walpole, that Richard, lord Ross, a man of wit,
humour, and frolic, who affected to imitate the Earl of Rochester, was rival to Lorti
Montagu, He is said to have written the following verses upon his marriage willi
the. Dutchess of Albemarle.
Insalting rival, never boast
Thy conquest. lately won ;
No wonder if her heart was lost :
Her senses first were gone.
From one that's under bedlam's laws
What glory can be had?
For love of thee was not the cause ;
It proves that she was mad.
t It was this duke, who, when tlie Duke of Marlborough, in high terms, com-
mended the excellency of his water-works at Boughton, replied with great quickness :
But U.ey are by no means comparable to your giace* sJire-tDorks.
X See the sequel of the above article. *
368 BIOGRAPHICAL HISTORY
The Dutchess of Monmouth. KneUer F^ Banc,
folio.
The Dutchess of Monmouth. A. Browne ere.
The Dutchess of Monmouth. Wimng; R. Wil-
liams; Ato. mezz.
The Dutchess of Monmouth. Kneller p. J. Van-
dervaart f. h. sh. mezz.
The Dutchess of Monmouth. E. Cooper exc. 4to.
mezz.
The Dutchess of Monmouth. J. Smith f. 4to.
mezz.
Anna, ducissa de Monmouth. Van Hove sc.
Anne, dutchess of Monmouth ; a small head.
D. L. (David Loggan.)
At Dalkeith-house, the seat of the Duke of Buccleugh, in Scot-
land,^ ^e portraits of the Dutchess of Monmouth and her two sons.
The Dutchess of Monmouth, who was allied to all the prime
nobility of Scotland, was, for her agreeable person and behaviour,
good sense, and irreproachable character, one of the most amiable
and valuable ladies about the court. During the first years of her
marriage, she seems to have been as happy and as much envied as
any woman in the kingdom. But this happiiiess was of short du-
ration. She was unfortunately supplanted in the duke's affection
by the Lady Harriot Wentworth,* whose personal charms were
superior to her own. His attachment to this lady was uninter-
rupted ; it continued even to the block.f The dutchess did not
* Only daughter and heiress of the Earl of Clereland.
t See Echard's "History of England;" or see rather, "A Letter from Dr*
'WilHam Uoyd, Bishop of St< Asaph, to Bishop Fell ; concerning the exccotion,
and last behaviour of the Duke of Monmouth/' in the Appendix to the Preface to
** Waiter Hemmingford," published by Hearnc, Num. XIII. which letter was tlie
rery MS. made use of by Echard.
OF ENGLAND. 359
kmg contbae a dowager: in 1688 she espouted Char let, lord
Cornwallis. She had issue by both her marriages. Mr. Gay, the
poet, was some time secretary, or domestic steward, to her grace.
Ob. 1732.
BARBARA, countess of Casdemaine (afterward
dutchess of Cleveland). Faithornef. large h. sh.
The Dutchess of Cleaveland, (or Cleveland;)
Lely p. Brown-'-whole length; mezz.
The Dutchess of Cleaveland. Lely p. Pearls in
ier hair.
The Dutchess of Cleaveland. Lely p. R. Tontp-
rcn e.vc. h. sh. mezz.
The Dutchess of Cleaveland. Lely p. Befiket
2j?c. h. sh. mezz.
The Dutchess of Cleaveland. Lely p. BeckHf.
Uo. mezz.
The Dutchess of Cleaveland. Lely p. Beckdtf.
3vo. mezz.
The Dutchess of Cleaveland. Lely p. Smith esc.
whole lengthy sitting ; large h. sh.
The Dutchess of Cleaveland. Ldy p. E. Lut^
terelf. h. sh. mezz.
The Dutchess of Cleaveland. Wissing p. R.
Williams f. 4to. mezz.
The Dutchesa of Cleaveland* Kndkrp. Becketf.
Ato. mezz.
The Dutchess of Cleaveland. KneUerp^ Sfnithf.
Uo. mezz.
360 BIOGRAPHICAL HISTORY
• • • .
Barbara^ dutchess of Cleaveland. Overton (veu"
didit) Ato.
The Dutchess of Cleaveland. Schenck f. 4to.
mezz. playing on the violoncello.
The Dutchess of Cleaveland; represented as a
shepherdess. Sher win so. large h. sh.
. Varium et mutabile semper
Fsemina Virg.
— Here in ennin*d pride,
_ And there Fastora by a fountain side. . Pope.
The Dutchess of Cleveland ; mezz. P. Lely;
Allard..
The Dutchess of Cleveland, when Countess of
Casliemaine; whole lengthy sitting. Lely, 1667. W.
Faithornej mezz.
The Dutchess of. Cleveland.^ mezz. P. Lely; T»
Watson.
The Dutchess of Cleveland. Lely ; Van Berghe;
in Harding's ^^ Grammont ;'' 4to. 1793.
The Dutchess of Cleveland. E. Bocquet sc. In
''Grammontr ^vo. 1809.
Her portrait, in the character of Pallas, is in the Gallery of
Beauties at .Windsor. .
At Dalkeith4iouse, she is represented as a Madonna with her
infant son. It is said that her grace sent such a picture to a
female convent . in France, as an altar-piece ; . but that the nuns,
discovering whose portrait it was, sent it back' with indignation.
The Dutchess of Cleveland, and my Lady
Barbara* her daughter. H. Gaspar p. rare.
* Barbara, who was the youngest daughter of the Dutchess of Cleveland, w«5
bom July 16, 1672. She became a nun, at Pontoise, in France.
OF ENGLAND. 361
Tbe origiadl pictore was ia the possession of Loid Dscre: it be-
longed to his grandmother, Anne, coontess of Sussex, who was
her danghter.
Barbara Villiers, dutdiess of Cleveland^ was sole danghti^ and Crr*tc
heir of William, Tiscoont Grandisoa, aad wife to Roger Pahnn,
esq. afterward created eail of CasUemaine. Her person was to
tbe last degree beantifol; but she was, in the same degree, rapa-
cions, prodigal, and rereng^fal. She had, for a considerable time,
a great, and no less dangerons influence OTer the king; as no
woman of her age was more likely to beggar, or embroil a kingdom.
She was the most inyeterate enemy of the Earl of Clarendon, who
thought it an indignity to his character to shew common civiUties,
much more to pay his court, to the mistress of the greatest mo-
narch upon earth.* It was impossible that the king could be an
absolute stranger to her intrigues : but he seems to have had as
little delicacy with regard to the Tirtne oi his mistresses, as his
brother was observed to have in p<Mnt of bean^. Though her
pride was great, she is said to have been sometimes humble in her
funoors ; and, if we may, believe the scandalous chronicles of this
reign, she could descend to play-wrights, players, and rope-
dancers. When the King's affections were alienated from her, he,
to pacify her, created her dutchess of Cleveland. Ob. 1709.t See
Robert Fielding, esq. Class YIII.
LOUISE, dutchess of Portsmouth. Lelyp. Bioote-
lingf. 1677 ; Ato. mezz.
Louise, dutchess of Portsmouth. Lelyp. G. Vaick
f. 1678; h. sh. mezz.
Louise, dutchess of Portsmouth. Lely p. ^. Le
Davis sc. h. sh.
* When the Earl of Clarendon was gping iiroip coort, opon his Tesignation of the
^at seal^ the Datcfaess of Clereland, who well knew him to be her enemy, in-
sulted him from a window of the palace^ He turned to her, and said, with a calm
but spirited dignity, Mtuiafli, t^you Kve, you u\\X grow o/d.
t Christian Gryphius's book, " De Scriptoribus Historiam Seculi XVII. illus-
tiantibus," lips. 1710, 8to. 361, the following piece is mentionecl : <* Hattig^, ou
la belle Turque, qui contieni ses Amours avec .le Roi de Tamaran ;** Cologne, 1676*
12mo. This, if the author may b^ ciedited, , Is, the seor^ history of tfete amoori ol
Charles II. with the Dutchess of Cleveland.
VOL. Y. 3 A
362 BIOSRAPHIGAL HISTOHY
Louise, dutchess of Portemouth. Lely p. Tompson
esc. h. sh.
Louise, dutchessof Portsmouth. Knellerp. Becketf.
whole length ; large h. sh.
Louise, dutchess of Portsmouth, &c. Kneller p.
Smith exc. whole length ; large h. sh. mezz.
Louise, dutchessof Portsmouth. Knellerp. Smithf.
mezz. h. sh.
Louise, dutchess of Portsmouth. H. Gascar p.
A. Baudet sc. She is holding a dove ; a Cupid is at her
right hand: probably her son, the Duke of Richmmd^
in that character.*
Louise, dutchess of Portsmouth; mezz. P. Lely;
Allard.
Louise, dutchess of Portsmouth ; whole length, N,
Bonnart.
Louise, dutchess of Portsmouth; mezz. P. Lely;
V. Somer.
Louise, dutchess of Portsmouth; whole length.
Trouvain ; folio.
Louise, dutchess of Portsmouth ; leaning on a couch
with a dog; mezz. Gascar; scarce.
Louise, dutchess of Portsmouth; in an oval; neck-
lace^ pearls at her bosom^ 8gc.
* The portraits of (he Datchess of Portsmouth, and her son, the Duke of Kicb-
niond, were drawn 6^^ Sir Peter Lely, as a Madonna and child, for one of the con-
rents in France. See the " ^des Walpolianx."
OF ENGLAND. 363
Louise, datchess of Portsmoath; square; Hipkd.
S.P.Lefy; T.S.Seed.
Louise, dutchess of Portsmouth; mezz. J.Mecket;
small oval.
Her portrait is at DanhaiDy the seat of the Earl of Stamford.
There is aROther, the best that I have seeD, at Blenheim.
Louise de Qaerouaille, or Qaeroville»^ datchess of Portsmouth,
was sent over to England by Lewis XIV. in the train of the i^o.
Datchess of Orleans, to bind Charles IL to the French interest. Created
This she did effectaally; and the business of the English court fi?i ^'
was constantly carried on with a subserviency to that of France.
She occasionally dissembled love, the vapours, or sickness; and
rarely ever failed of working the easy monarch to her point* Her
polite manners and agreeable temper riveted the chains which her
personal charms had imposed upon him : she had the first place in
his affections, and he continued to love her to the day of his death.
Her beauty, which was not of the most delicate, kind, seemed to be
very little impaired at seventy years of age.f Ob. Nov. 1734,
^t» 89. She had a sister, who married Philip, earl of Pembroke,
with whom she lived very unhappily. She was afterward married
to the Marquis of Tuoy, and died at Paris in a very advanced age,
1728.
The Dutchess of GRAFTON. Wissingp. Becketf.
h* sh, mezz.
The Dutchess of Grafton. Wissing p. Smith f.
h. shn mezz.
The Dutchess of Grafton. W. Vincent /, 4to.
mezz.
The Dutchess of Grafton; 1683. /. Verkolje f.
h. sh. mezz.
^ Charles II. in his " Mock Speech," written by Marvel, calls her Carwell, by
which name she popularly went. See Coke's " Detection," Ace. ii. p. 171.
t Voltaire, «• Siecle de Louis XIV.**^
V
364 BIOGRAPHICAL HISTORY
The Dutchess of Grafton; me^z.^ Knelkr; Becket.
The Dutchess of Graftok ; mezz. Knelkr. Taken
from the original at Hampton-court.
The Dutchess of Grafton ; whole length. Knelkr;
J3. Lens.
The Dutchess of Grafton; ?we^z. Kneller; Smith,
1692.
The Dutchess of Grafton; mezz. Kneller; i?.
White exc.
Mrs. French, in Swallow-street, has an original painting of her
by Wissing, from which Smith engraved his print. Her portraiti
in the Gallery of Beauties at Hampton-court, is well known.
Isabella, dutchess of Grafton, was sole daughter and heir of
Henry Bennet, earl of Arlington. In 1672, she married Henry,
earl of Euston, afterward duke of Grafton, the only son of Charles
II. by Barbara, dutchess of Cleveland. As her father's honours
descended lo her, she walked in the coronation procession of
George I. as countess of Arlington in her own right.* She died
the 7th of February, 1722-3.
MARY, dutchess of Beaufort, daughter to Arthur,
lord Capel, murdered by the rebels in 1648. R. Wal-
ker p. J. Nutting sc. large h. sh.
This inscription was taken verbatim from Ames's '* Catalogue of
English Heads," p. 14. I have seen one or two proofs from the
same plate, in which she is styled ** Dutchess-dowagerof Beaufort:**
it is certain that she was not a dowager when her portrait was
painted, as Robert Walker, who drew it, died before the resto-
ration, and the duke her husband, did not die till the year 1699.
Mary Capel was wife to Henry Somerset, duke of Beaufort, who
was president of the council, in the principality of Wales, in this,
and the succeeding reign ; and a lord of the bed-chamber, and
• " Biog. BriUn/Mi. p. riJ.
OF ENGLAND. 365
one of the privy council to King William. She had two sons and
three daughters hy him, of whom there is an account in Collins*s
" Peerage."
MARY SACKVILLE, dutchess of Beaufort; with
her brother Lionel, duke of Dorset Kneller ; Smitkj
1695.
Mary Sackville, daughter of Charles, earl of Dorset, by Lady
Mary, daughter of James, earl of Northampton, famed for her
beauty, and admirable endowments, married Henry Somerset,
second duke of Beaufort, in 1702; died in child-bed, 1705.
COUNTESSES.
The Countess of ARUNDEL. Lely p. R. W. (Ro-
bert White) fi Ato. mezz.
This, and the head of Dr. Briggs, are the only mezzotintos done
by Robert White.
ELIZABETH STUART, countess of Arundel;
with Alathea Talbot; 2 ovals; by Hollar ; scarce.
This lady was the eldest daughter of Esme, duke of Lenox, and
wife of Henry Frederic Howard, earl of Arundel. Thomas, earl of
Amndel, his father, was imprisoned for marrying him to her against
the consent of the king, who had designed her for Lord Lome.*
ELIZABETH, countess of Northumberland. Lely p.
Browne; h. sh. mezz.
Elizabeth, countess of Northumberland ; with an
orange-tree. Lely p. Browne; h.sh. mezz.
Elizabeth, countess of Northumberland. Lely p.
Becket f. h. sh. mezz.
* From the information of Mr. Walpolc.
366 BIOGRAPHICAL HISTORY
Elizabeth, countess of Northumberland; mezz,
S. P. Ldy; T. Watson sc. In the gallery of Windsor.
There was a portrait of her at Bulstrode.
Elizabeth Wriothes^ley, daughter to Thomas^ earl of Southampton,
lord high-treasurer of England, and wife to Josceline Percy, the
last earl of Northumberland of that name. She was mother to
Elizabeth, dutchess of Somerset, already mentioned in this class.
The Countess of EXETER. P. Lely p. R. Tomjh
son exc. h. sh. mezz.
Frances, daughter to John, earl of Rutland, and wife to the
first earl of Exeter of the name of John. Her son, John, lord
Burghley, who, upon the death of his father, became earl of Ex-
eter, married Anne, only daughter of William, the third earl of
Devonshire, and widow of Charles, lord Rich, son of Charles, earl
of Warwick. This lady was remarkable for travelling twice to
Rome, with her husband. Ob. 1660.
MARY, countess-dowager of Warwick; JSf. 53,
Mary Boyle, countess of Warwick. Harding.
Mary, countess of Warwick, was the thirteenth of the fifteenth
children that the Great Earl of Cork, founder of the illustrious
house of Boyle, had by his second lady, the daughter of Sir Geof-
fry Fenton. She was married to Charles, earl of Warwick, whom
she survived about five years. She was so eminent for her bounty
to the poor, that the earl, her husband, was said to haxe left his
estate to charitable uses. Such was the fame of her charity and
hospitality, that it advanced the rent of the houses in her neigh-
bourhood, where she was the common arbitress of controversies,
which she decided with great sagacity and judgment, and prevented
many tedious and expensive law-suits. The earl, her husband,
alluding to her economy, as well as her other excellences^ de-
clared, that *' he had rather have her with five thousand pounds,
than any other woman with twenty thousand.." She died the 12th
OF ENGLAND. 367
of ^pril, 1678. See more of her in the following sermon; to which
her portrait is prefixed. ""ETPHKA •'ETPHKA, The virtuous
Woman found, her Loss bewailed, and Character exemplified, in
a Sermon preached at Felsted, in Essex, April 30, 1678, at the
Funeral of that most excellent Lady, the Right Honourable, and
eminently religious and charitable, Mary, countess-dowager of
Warwick, the most illustrious Pattern of sincere Piety and solid
Goodness this Age hath produced; with so large Additions as may
be styled the Life of that noble Lady: by A. Walker, D. D. Rector
of Fyfield. To which are annexed some of her Ladyship's pious
and useful Meditations;" 8?o.
ANNE, countess of Sunderland ; from an original
painting by Sir Peter Lely, in the gallery at Althorp ;
C. Picart so* 8vo.
Anne, countess of Sunderland, was the second and youngest
daughter of George Digby, earl of Bristol, knight of the Garter, by
Anne his wife, daughter of Francis Russell, earl of Bedford, sister
and at length heir to John Digby, earF of Bristol, who died in
1698, without issue. She was a lady distinguished for her refined
sense, wit, and every shining quality. By Lord Sunderland his
bdy had issue three sons, and four daughters.
1. Robert, lord Spencer, bom in 1664, who was in August
^687, sent to Italy ^^ .envoy extraordinary to his Highness the Duke
of Modena, to make the compliments of condolence in their ma-
jesties' names, on the death of the Dutchess of Modena, the queen's
Mother; and on his return,, died at Paris, the 5th September, 1688.
2. Charles, earl of Sunderland ; 3. Henry, who died within an
hour after he was baptized.
Lady Anne, eldest daughter, bom June 24, 1666, at Chiswick,
>irho was the first wife of James, earl of Arran, of the kingdom of
Scotland, after duke Hamilton, and duke of Brandon ; and died
in 1690.
Lady Elizabeth, married October 30,1684, to Donagh Maccarty,
earl of Clincarty, of the kingdom of Ireland.
Lady Isabella, who died unmarried in 1684 ; and Lady Mary,
who died aged five years.
Lady Sunderland survived Lord Sunderland thirteen years, and
^ed April 16th, 1715, and on the 26th of the same month was
buried by him at Brinton, in Northaipptonshire.
368 BIOGRAPHICAL HISTORY
The Countess of STAMFORD. Lety p. R.Tmp-
son esc. 4to. mezz. '
The Countess of Stamford. Wising p. Becketf,
h. sh. mezz.
This lady was daughter of Sir Daniel Harrey of Combe, in
Surrey, and first wife of Thomas Grey, the second earl of Stam-
ford. As I have but one of these prints before me, I am in some
doubt whether the former does not represent Lady Anne Cecil,*
the first countess of Stamford. I am assured thather. portraitlij
Lely is at Dunham.
ELIZABETH BUTLER, countess of Chesterfdd.
Lely p. Browne; h. sh. mezz.
Elizabeth Butler, countess of Chesterfield;
mezz. Sir P. Lely ; J. Becket.
Her portrait was at the late Sir Andrew Fountaine's, at Narford,
Norfolk.t
Elizabeth Butler was eldest daughter of James, duke of Ormond,
and second wife to Philip Stanhope, earl of Chesterfield. — It bas
been observed that a man could not turn round without being
struck with beauties in the court of Charles II. The Countess of
Chesterfield was one of the most striking in the circle. Her bus-
band did not know what a treasure he had in his possession, and
treated her, at first, with disregard : but when every body else
admired her, he became her admirer too, and was sufficiently
slighted in his turn. He rightly concluded, that when the eyes of
all the world were turned upon her, there were among them the
eyes of some lovers. This naturally excited his jealousy, and be
appears to have felt the most unhappy part of the passion of love
in a more exquisite degree than any other. His suspicion partico-
larly fell upon the Duke of York, who, it seems was not insensible
of her charms, and was far from being the most cautious of men
in the conduct of his amours. The name of Lady Ch d often
occurs in the " Memoires de Grammont.'*
* Daughter and coheir to William, earl of Exeter,
t At the same place is a portrait of Lady Sootfaeak.
OF ENGLAND. -369
The Countess-dowager of ESSEX ; in moui^mngj
with her son mid daughter ; the latter holds a garland
of flowers : without inscription; large h. sh. mezz.
The original picture is at Cashiobury, near Watford.
4
Elizabeth, countess of Essex. Hall.
Elizabeth, daughter of Algernon, earl of Northumberland, widow igss.
of Arthur Capel, earl of Essex, who died in the Tower; with her
son, Algernon, earl of Essex; and her daughter, who. afterward
married Charles Howard, earl of Carlisle. The Countess of Essex
had another daughter, who, to her inexpressible grief, died in her
childhood. Sir William Temple's letter to her, upon this occasion,
is entitled to the same rank among modern compositions, that the
admired book of " Consolation," which has been attributed to
Cicero, retains among the ancient.*
ANNE (CATHARiNEt), countess of Chesterfield.
Vandyck p. 1636. P. Van Gunst sc\ large h.sh.
The original, which was in the Wharton collection, is at Hough-
ton.
Catharine, daughter of Thomas, lord Wotton, and widow of
Henry, lord Stanhope, who died before his father, the earl of Ches-
terfield. She had been governess to Mary, princess of Orange ;
and was, after the restoration, made countess of Chesterfield for Created
life. She maiTied to her second husband John Poliander Kir- S9 Ma^
koven, lord of Helmfieet, inHolland4 Ob. 9 April, 1677. Though
Vandyck was in love with this lady, he is said to have been so
ungaliant as to dispute with her about the price of the picture from
which the print was engraved. §
The LADY ARLINGTON. P. Lely p.h.sh.mezz.
* It is entitled, ** Consolatio } Liber quo seipsuin de Fills Morte consolatus est.*'
See it among Lipsius's " Critical Works."
t See " Anecdotes of Painting," ii* p. 113, notes.
X Her third husband was Daniel Onealo, esq. of the bed-cbiitnber to Charles II.
^ ** Anecdotes of Painting/' ubi supra.
VOL. V. 3 B
370 BIOGRAPHICAL HISTORY
This prints with some aUerationSy has been inscribed
" Catiiarine Queen Dowager."
Isabella of Nassau, daughter of Lord Beverweert, a natural son
of the famous Prince Maurice, and wife to Henry Bennet, earl of
Arlington. She was sister to Lady Emilia Nassau, countess of
Ossory, and mother of the Dutchess of Grafton. Ob. 18 Jan.
1718,iEt. 87.
HENRIETTA BOYLE, countess of Rochester.
P. Lelypimvit. M^Ardell sc. mezz.
Henrietta Boyle, countess of Rochester. P.
Lelt/ ; J. Watson sc. mezz.
Henrietta Boyle, countess of Rochester, ie/y;
E. Harding.
Lady Henrietta, fifth daughter of Richard Boyle, earl of Bur-
lington and Cork, married Lawrence Hyde, second son of the Earl
of Clarendon. He was created earl of Rochester, 1682. The
Countess of Rochester died 1687, and was buried in Westminster
Abbey.
Countess of SHREWSBURY. Bocquet sc. In
** Grammontj' from a picture by Sir Peter Lelyj in
the possession of the Duke of Dorset.
Countess of Shrewsbury. Sir P. Lely ; E. Scriven
sc. an octagon. In " Grammont.*'
Countess of Shrewsbury. Sir P. Lely ; L. L
Clamsen.
Anna Maria, eldest daughter of Robert Brudenell, earl of Car-
digan, and wife of Francis, earl of Shrewsbury, who was killed in
a duel by George, duke of Buckingham. She was so abandoned
as to hold the duke's horse while he fought and killed her hus-
band, 1667. She afterward married George Rodney Bridges, esq.
second son of Sir Thomas Bridges, of Keynsham, in Somerset-
shire; by whom she had one son, George Rodney Bridges. Ob.
1702.
^^uAedJim^jSeiMWr-iiu-hardj<i>rCLi>rk HcuwH*31.&
OF ENCJLAND. 371
LADY MARY RATCLIFFE, in a high heud-dress
of ostrich's feathers ; feathers of the same kind about
her waist; whole length; h, sh, mezz. She is placed
here as Countess of Derwentwater.
Mr. Walpole thinks that this theatric dress might be the same
in which she acted at court The original portrait is now at Clive-
den:* it is thus inscribed, ** Lady Mary Tuder (Tudor), natural
daughter of King Charles II. married to the Earl of Derwentwater."
See Mil. Davis, in this class.
VISCOUNTESS, AND DAUGHTERS
OF EARLS.
Th6 LADY ASHLEY. Lely p. Tompson e.vc. h. sh.
mezz*
Dorothy, daughter of John Manners, earl of Rutland, and wife
of Anthony, lord Ashley, son of the Lord-chancellor Shaftesbury.
■ *
LADY MARY JOLLIFFE, &c. R. White sc. 4to.
Lady Mart Jolciffb, &c. 4to. W. Richardsoti.
Mary, daughter of Ferdinando Hastings, earl of Huntingdon, by
Lncji daughter and heir of Sir John Davies of Englefield, knt.
premier-serjeant at law to King James and King Charles I. as also
solicitor, and afterward attorney-general in Ireland. She was a
woman of a strong and cultivated understanding, and of exemplary
conduct in her religious and domestic character. She died in
1678, having had one child only by her husband William Joliffe,t
of Caverswell Castle, in the county of Stafford, esq. See more of
,li0r in the Sermon at her funeral by Samuel Willes, M.A. preacher
^tt AiihallOws, in Defby; to which is prefixed her head.
The LADY ESSEX FINCH. P. Lely p. Brown;
h. sh. mezz.
• Spolt Clifton in Gibtfun's ** Crtiiidcn.'*
t Sunietimes wrttlco JoUific.
372 BIOGRAPHICAL HISTORY
Lady Essex Finch; inezz. P . Lely ; V^Vaart.
Lady Essex Finch. P. Lely ; P.V.Somer; an
etching; folio.
Lady Essex Rich, second daughter and coheir of Robert, earl of
Warwick, married to Daniel Finch, afterward earl of Nottingham.
MRS. ANNE MONTAGUE. Lelj/ p. Browne;
whole length ; h. sh. mezz. She is represented young,
Mrs. Anne Montague. Lely p, R. Tompson
exc. mezz.
This print should have been inscribed. Lady Ann e &c. It is the
portrait of the third daughter of the first earl of Sandwich, who
was first married to Sir Richard Edgecumbe, father of Lord
Edgecumbe ; next to Christopher Montague, elder brother to
Charles, earl of Halifax,*
BARONESS, &c.
The LADY CATHERINE SEYMOUR, relict of
the Lord Francis Seymour, baron of Trowbridge.
Lely p. Browne ; h, sh. mezz.
Catharine, mother to Lord Francis Seymour, baron of Trow-
bridge, who, in 1675, succeeded his cousin John, duke of Somer-
set, in all his titles. He was killed in Italy in 1678, and was suc-
ceeded by his brother, Charles Seymour, who died the 2d of Dec,
1748.
The LADY GREY. P. Lely p. h.sh. mezz; sold hy
J. Bakewell; with a necklacey and a lamb to the right.
Mr. Richardson had seen aproof of this plate b?iger and
• There is a print, inscribed '* Lady Henrietta Mordaant, daughter of Charles,
earl of Peterborough, &c. Lely p. Watson f." As this is a daughter of the earl
who took Barcelona, and the same person who married the Duke of Gordon, who
died in 1728, the portrait was, most probably, never painted by Lely, who died
before Charles IL It must therefore belong to a subsequent reign.
OF ENGLAND. 373
wider y the face and head-dress different, also the back
ground, and two sheep to the right : query, if origi-
nally meant for the same person.
Mary, fourth daughter of George, earl of Berkeley, and wife of
Ford, lord Grey, famous for his amours with her sister, Lady
Henrietta Berkeley. The printed letters which are said to have
passed between the two lovers are undoubtedly spurious;'^ but some
parts of them must be allowed to be very naturally and pertinently
written.
CICELY, lady Arundell ; within an engraved
border ; engraved by R. Cooper, from a highly-finished
miniature, painted in oil by Ant. Vandyck, in the posses-
sion of the Right Honourable Lord Arundell. Private
plate.
Cicely Compton, daughter of Sir Henry Compton, of Brambletye,
in the county of Sussex, knight of the Bath, was twice married ;
first to Sir John Femior, knight, of Somerton, in the county of
Oxford, whom surviving, she next married Henry, tliird lord
Arundell, of Wardour, and died March 21st, 1675, in the 67th year
of her age. Buried at Tisbury, Wilts ; where a handsome monu-
ment is erected to her memoiy.
RACHEL, widow of Dr. WILLIAM PAULE,
bishop of Oxon, daughter of Sir Christopher Clithe-
row, knt. aged 50, bom the 7th of June, 1617. Log-
gan ad vivum del. Eliza. B. Gulstonf large Ato.
The original drawing was in the possession of James Clitherow,
of Norton-house, in Middlesex, esq.
- Rachel Paule was daughter of Sir Christopher Clitherow, knt.
an eminent merchant and alderman of London, in the reigns of
James and Charles the First, f She was onie of his children by his
• See the " Life of J, DuntoDi bookseller."
t He served the offices of sheriff and lord mayor in the years 1625 and 1636,
was governor of the East-land Company, and president of Christ's Hospital »X ^^
% In the court-room, belonging to the hospital, is an original portrait of him^
dated 1641.
374 BIOGRAPHICAL HISTORY
second wife, Mary, daughter of Sir Thomas Cambell, knt. lord mayor
of London in 1609. 'She married Dr. William Paule, who was fellow
of All Souls College, in Oxford, and afterward bishop of that see.
Afler his lordship's death, she retired to St. Giles's, in Oxford,
where the original drawing of her, in the widow's weeds of that
time was taken by David Loggan. She died in 1691, leaving several
children ; but the male line became extinct on the death of her
grandson, William Paule,* of Braywick, in Berks, and Greys, in
Oxfordshire, esq. whose only child, by Lady Catharine Fane, bis
wife, who was daughter of Vere, and sister of John, late earl of
Westmoreland, married Sir William Stapleton, bart. whose son, Sir
Thomas, now enjoys the Paule estate ; and, in right of his grand-
mother, is also presumptive heir, after the death of Francis, now
Lord Despencer, and his sister. Lady Austen, without issue, to that
ancient barony .f
The LADY STANHOPE. Lely p. Browne; h. sh.
mezz.
Catharine, daughter of Thomas, lord Wotton, and widow of
Henry, lord Stanhope. She had a daughter, named Catharine
after her mother, who married William, lord Allington. She was
created countess of Chesterfield by Charles the Second.
was chosen one of the represeiitatives of the city of London, in the third parliament
of Charles ; the precipitate dissolution of which Lord Clarendon laments as the
principal cause of the national confusion that soon after followed. As he found that
his principles, which were ever well affected to monarchy and the church of Eng-
land, rendered hira daily less acceptable to the puritan party, which then took the
lead in the city, he retired soon after his mayoralty, from public business, and died
in 1642. He was buried in the church of St. Andrew Undersbaft, where there is a
fair monument to his memory.
* Mr. Paule, the father of this gentleman, was remarkably fat, bat not so corpu-
lent as Dr. Tadlow, of St. JohVi's College, his contemporary, at Oxford. The face-
tious Dr. Evans, t of the same house, who loved a pun, said in conversation, that he
had some thoughts of writing a poem upon Tadlow, of which indeed, at present, he
had only composed this line :
Tadloides musae Paulo raajora canamus.$
It was on the same person that Dr. Evans made this well-known dbtich :
When Tadlow walks the streets, the paviours cry
God bless you, sir ! — and lay their rammers by.
t Communicated by James Clitherow, esq.
X Author of " The Apparition, a Poem j*' the Epitaph on Vanbrugh, &c.
§ Parody of Virg. Eclog. iv. v. 1.
OF ENGLAND. 375
There is in the Gallery of Beauties at Windsor, a portrait by Sir
Peter Lely, called " Lady Rochester," which has been mistaken
fbr the wife of John, the famous lord, who was indubitably no
beauty. The portrait in question is conjectured to represent the
first wife of Laurence Hyde, second son of Edward, earl of Cla-
rendon, who was created viscount Hyde and baron of Wotton
Basset* the 24th of April, 1681, and earl of Rochester, the 29th
of November, 1682. As Sir Peter Lely died in 1680, I have
placed ber here as the wife of an earl's second son; but, perhaps,
improperly. If there be a portrait at Cashiobury resembling this
at Windsor, it may be depended upon as done for one of the wives
of Earl Laurence, and may probably lead to a further discovery.
MADAM CATHARINE NEVILL. Lely p. Brow)ie;
h. sh. mezz.
Madam Catharfne Nevill; mezz. S. Leader.
. There is a mezzotinto print, sold by Browne, said to have been
done from a painting of Vandyck, and inscribed with both the
names of this lady.
Catharine, daughter of Henry, lord Abergavenny ; first married
to Sir Robert Howard, 1660, and afterward to Robert Berry, esq.
The LADY BELLASIS (BELLAsrsE). Lely p.
Tompson exc. h. sh. mezz.
This lady, who was widow of the son of John, lord Bellasyse, was
remarkable foi' a vivacity which seems to have supplied the place,
and answered all the purposes, of beauty. Though she was one of
the least handsome women that appeared at couit, she gained so
far upon the affections of the Duke of York, that he gave her a
promise under his hand to marry her. He did his utmost to con-
vert her to his own religion ; but nothing could induce her to
change that in which she had been educated. The Lord Bellasyse,
her father-in-law, who was a zealous papist, dreading the influence
that such a woman might have upon the duke in religious affairs,
disclosed the secret of the contract to the king. Charles sent for
his brother, and told him, " it was too much to have played the
fool once : that was not to be done a second time, and at such an
376 BIOGRAPHICAL HISTORY
age."* The lady was so intimidated by threats, that she gave up
the original contract, but took care to preserve an attested copy.
It ap|)ears from a letter of Dr. Swift to Mrs. Dingley, lately pub-
lished, that she died in the reign of Anne; and that Lord Berkeley,
of Stratton, who was one of her executors, got about 10,000/. by
her death. The portrait at Windsor, which is commonly called
Lady Byron's, is supposed to be that of Lady Bellasyse. The
almost total absence of beauty in it seems to confirm that conjec-
ture. See " Anec. of Paint." III. p. 39.
MISS BROOK ; in the " Memoirs of Count Gram-
montr Harding ejcc. Ato.
Miss Brook, afterward Lady Denham ; 4to. mezz.
Woodburn exc.
Lady Denham was one of those beauties that adorned the volup-
tuous court of Charles II. and at the age of eighteen attracted the
attention of the principal men of that gay period, particularly the
Duke of York, who tried every art in vain to draw her into an in-
trigue. While she was only known as Miss Brook, the Earl of
Bristol, to whom she was nearly related, gave great entertainments,
and kept much company, in order to gain admirers, and future
husbands, for this young lady and her sister. Miss Brook how-
ever was very near falling into the arms of the duke, when she
met with Sir John Denham, full of wealth, but pretty well laden
with years. He was one of the greatest wits of that age, and made
his addresses so pleasant to the lady, that she became his blooming
bride at the age of eighteen, when he had arrived at the mature
age of seventy-nine.
The LADY MARY ARMYNE. F. H. Van Hove sc.
In Clarke's " Lives ;'^ folio.
Her portrait, by Cornelius Jansen, is at Welbeck.
Mary, daughter of Henry Talbot, fourth son of George, earl of
Shrewsbury, and wife of Sir William Annyne. She perfectly un-
derstood the Latin and French languages, and was well read in
history and divinity. Her apprehension and judgment are equally
extraordinary, and only exceeded by her piety and charity. She
• Burnet.
OF ENGLAND. 377
founded three hospitals in her lifetime ; one at Burton Grange, in
Yorkshire, and two others in different counties. She also left an
estate to charitable uses. OA. 1675,
The LADY ELIZABETH BROOKE (orBROOKEs),
A\ Dam. 1683, M. 82 ; l2mo. Before her ''Funeral
Sermon,'' by Parkhurst.
Lady Brooke, who was born at Wigsale, in Sussex, was daughter
of Thomas Colepepper, esq. and wife of Sir Robert Brooke, knt.
of Cockfield Hall, at Yoxford, in the county of Suffolk. She was,
in the early part of her life, distinguished for the elegance of her
person, as she afterward was for her cultivated understanding,
masculine judgment, and elevated piety. She died in July, 1683.
DOROTHY, wife of Sir John Packington, bart. the
supposed author of '* The Whole Duty of Man."
V. Green so. Ato. mezz.
This accomplished lady resided chiefly at the family-seat of her
husband, Westwood, in Worcestershire, which often afforded an
asylum to learned men. Dr. Hammond, Bishops Morley, Fell,
Gunning, and others, always met with hospitable entertainment
here during the troubles of the kingdom. In concert with some of
these, the good Lady Packington, as she was called, is supposed to
have written the celebrated work, entitled, " The Whole Duty of
Man," which has been translated into Latin, French, and Welsh.
Lady Packington's Letters and Prayers are marked with the easy
familiar language of that book. And it has been asserted, that the
original MS. in the hand-writing of this lady, and interlined with
corrections by Bishop Fell, was some thne in the possession of her
daughter, Mrs. Ayne, of Rampton, who often affirmed it to be the
performance of her mother, adding, tha^t she was the author also of
a book, entitled, " The Decay of Christian Piety.* Lady Packing-
ton died in 1679.
** Upon the whole it still remains a doubt, and it is much easier to prove who was
not the author, than to assert who was : however, Lady Packington seems to have
' as good or better claim than Abraham Woodhead, Obadiah Walker, bishop Fell,
Cliapple, Dr. Allestree, Dr. Henchman, or Mr. Fulman. See " Gentleman's Ma-
gazine for 1754/* p. 26.
VOL. V. 3 C
378 BIOGRAJ^HICAL HISTORY
ANN, lady Fanshawe ; from a 'portrait in the pos-
session of Mr.Fanshawe^ of Parsloes, in Essex^ engraved
by Feisenger ; iivo. In Seward's " Anecdotes.'''
Ann, daughter of Sir John Harrison, of Balls, by
Margaret, daughter of Robert Fanshawe, esq. wife fo
Sir Richard Fanshawe, bart, ambassador to Spain;
8t;o. etched by Catharine Fanshawe.
" This incomparable woman wrote the raemwrs of her life, which
contain many curious anecdotes of herself and her husband, and of
the great personages of the times ; unfortunately for the lovers of
truth, of nature, and of simplicity, they remain in manuscript; they
are exquisitely entertaining, and differing from most of the cele-
brated French memoirs, and evince most cleai-ly that the trifling
and foppish resource of intrigue, is not necessary to render a nar-
rative interesting. It is much to be wished that one of the de-
scendants of the ancient and illustrious family of Sir Richard
Fanshawe, who possesses the most perfect copy of these memoirs,
would cause them to 6e printed for the amusement and instruction
of mankind/' — Seward's " Anecdotes," vol. ii. p. 15.
Considerable extracts from the MS. are to be found in Seward's
"Anecdotes." The possessors of copies of the whole are, Mr. Fan-
shawe, of Parsloes; Blount, esq.; Mrs. Bowdler, of Bath;
and Mr. Clutterbuck, the historian, of Hertfordshire.
LADY ANNE BARRINGTON, and LADY
MARY ST. JOHN. H. Gascar p. large h. sk
mezz.
This scarce print is in the possession of Mr. Horace Walpole.
The families of Barringfon and St. John are well known. I know
nothing of the personal histoiy of the ladies.
The LADY MOORELAND (Morland). P.Lelyp.
R. Tompson ejcc. h. sh. mezz.
Lady Morland was daughter of George Fielding, esq. and wife
of Sir Samuel Morland, bart. of Sulhamsted Banister, in the county
OF ENGLAND. 379
t)f Berks, and master of the mechauics to Charles II. Ob, 29 Feb.
1678-9. She lies buried in Westmitister Abbey, with an inscrip-
tion in English and Hebrew upon her monument : there is also
an epitaph, which seems to have been written in the Ethiopic
language, that people might not read it. Job Ludolf, the writer,*
when he saw it on the tomb, felt much the same kind of emotion as
he would have felt at the unexpected sight of a familiar friend in
a strange country .f
^ The LADY ELIZABETH RAWDON, wife to that
most valiant colonel and worthy knight, Sir Marma-
duke Rawdon, of Hodsdon, in Hartfordshire ; JEt. 76.
iJ. White sc. 4to.
This is one of the set of the Rawdon family, engraved for the
manuscript before mentioned. See an account of the husband of
this lady in the eighth Class.
LADY KING. Lely p. White sc. 4to/ Ob. 24 Oct.
1698.
Qusere if the lady of Sir Edmund King, physician to, Charles II.?
LADY TREVOR WARNER, in religion called
Sister Clare. Largilliere p. Van Schuppen sc. Svo.
Before her " Life,'' Lmd. 1692 ; second edit.
Lady Warner, a woman of great beauty and many accomplish-
ments, was converted to the Roman Catholic religion about the
6ame time with Sir John Warner, her husband. She took the
* See )iis article in the Appendix to this reign. .
t The author of the '* life of Ludolf," at p. 126, 127, says, " Non gaadio parvo
perfasus, cum in Templo Westnionasteriensi incisum mannori candido videret carmen
^thiopicum, quod, rogatos, in memoiiam uxoris clarissimi viri Samnelis Morlant,
cquttis Aogli, oiim conscripserat.^j
I '* In Praefat ad " Grammat. ^thiop." edit, secunds, monet Ludolf us suuro,
avxtorU^ nomen, forte ex in?idia adsculptum marmori non fuissc." Ibid. p. 127, n.
380 BIOGRAPHICAL HISTORY
habit of the English nuns, called Sepulchrines, at Liege, tDgetkr
with Mrs. Elizabeth Warner, her sister-in-law, the 30th of April,
1665. Both these ladies went afterward into the convent of Car-
thusianesses, or poor Clares, at Gravelin.* Sir John entered IbIo
the society of Jesus,* and assumed the name of Brother Clare, as his
lady did that of Teresa Clare. They had several daughters, two
of whom, Catharine and Susan, were, in 1692, nuns in the English
monastery at Dunkirk, There is a print of Mrs. Anne Warner, by
John Smith, after Largilliere. She was, as I am informed, another
daughter. Lady Trevor Warner died the 26th of January, 1670.
MARIA, Edwardi Alston eq. aur. filia Jacobi Lang-
ham eq. aur. uxor. Faithornef. Ato. Before her *^ Fu-
neral Sermoriy' by Dr. Edward Reynolds^ rector of
Braunston^ in Northamptonshire^ and afterward bishop
of Norwich. Sca7xe.
Mary Lang ha m ; copied from the above. Harding
exc. Ato.
Mary, daughter of Sir Edward Alston, and wife of Sir James
Langham, had, in the early part of her life, a propensity to atheism;
but, as she advanced in years and understanding, she became a
Christian upon sound principles and rational conviction, and expe-
rimentally found, that the uniform practice of religion and virtue
added strength to reason, and clearness to evidence. Hence it was
that no woman of her age was more religious or less superstitious.
She was equally a stranger to the moroseness and flights of bigotry;
* " The cells of the Carthusianesses, at Grayeitn (sajs the author of Lady
Warner's Life), are not long enough for one of an ordinary stature to lie at full
length ; and therefore when they sleep they almost sit upright in their beds, which
arc not two feet and a half broad ; and the cell is no broader, besides what the bed
takes up, than to give room enough for a single person to go in and out. All their
furniture is a little low stool to sit upon, and a straw bed and bolster (or, if sick, a
pillow of chaff); upon which they lie in their habits, having a blanket to coter
them. They wear no linen: go barefoot, having only sandals ; rise at midnight;
abstain all tlieir lifetime from flesh ; and keep such a fast all the year as we do in
Lent."
" Tantum religiu potuit suadere malorum."
OF ENGLAND. 381
and displayed a constant cheerfulness, the natural effect of a good
conscience, which rendered her a more agreeable* and amiable
woman, in proportion as she was a better Christian, She died in
September, 1660.
A SCOTCH COUNTESS.
JOCOSA, countess of Dalhousie ; from a monument
in the Savoy church. Le Coeur fecit ; 8vo.
Of this lady, nothing more has been, discovered than is recorded
in her epitaph ; whence it appears that she was the daughter of Sir
Alan Apsley, knight, lieutenant of the Tower of London ; that she
was first married to Lyster Blunt, esq. son to Sir Richard Blunt, of
Maple-Durham, in Oxfordshire, and afterward to William Ramsay,
second earl of Dalhousie. The epitaph adds, that she had no
children, and that she died on the 28th of April, 1663.
Douglas, in his ''Peerage,'** mentions that William Ram8ay,whom
he calls first Earl of Dalhousie, married Margaret Carnegie, daugh-
ter of the Earl of Southesk, by. whom he had seven children.' As
this Earl of Dalhousie died in 1674, advanced in years, there is rea-
son to believe tliat this lady was his second wife; but, having no
children, she escaped the notice of genealogists.
GENTLEWOMEN, &c.
MADAM CATHARINE SIDLEY (or Sedley).
Jjely 'p. R. Tompson e.vc. h.sh. mezz.
Madam Sidley, Wissing p. R. Williams f Ato.
mezz.
Mrs. Sedley was daughter of Sir Charles Sedley, bart. See
Catharine, countess of Dorchester, in the next reign.
MADAM MARY KIRK. Lely p. Browne; h. sh.
mezz.
• Page 174.
382 BIOGRAPHICAL HISTORY
Madam Kirk ; small oval. Worlidge; Lely ; Sche-
nciker.
Mary Kirk, &c. in Harding's ^^Grammontr 1792.
Mary Kirk. Sir P. Ldy; Bocquet sc. In ^^Gram-
montr ^vo. 1809.
Mrs. Kirk was daughter of George Kirk, esq. groom oi^the bed-
chamber to Charles II. and sister to Diana Vere, the last countess
,of Oxford, of that name. She was maid of honour to Queen Catba-
■ rine, and one of that constellation of beauties which shone at court
in the former part of this reign. But she proved a wandering, and
.at length a fallen, star. Other maids of honour were prudent
enough to retire into the country upon proper occasions ; but she
' inadvertently stayed too long in town, and was delivered of a child at
Whitehall. When she was in the pride of all her beauty and fame,
Sir Richard Vernon,* a country gentleman of about 1500/. a year,
made his addresses to her ; but she rejected his courtship with dis-
dain. Upon his repulse, he retired to his rural seat, forsook his
- dogs and horses, and abandoned himself to grief and despair. Mr.
Thomas Killegrew, of the king's bed-chamber, who was his rela-
tion, went to visit this disconsolate lover ; and, with a view of
curing him of his passion, told him all the circumstances of his mis-
tress's disgrace. He was transported with the most frantic joy at
the news, as he now thought her haughtiness sufficiently humbled
to listen to his suit. He renewed his addresses with more ardency
than ever, and in a short time she became his wife. Her conduct
was so nice in the married state, that he was reputed the fatber of
all the children she afterward produced. See more of her in the
.** Memoires de Grammont," under the name of Warmestre.
The LADY (Mrs.) PRICE. P. Lely eq.p. Brmie;
h. sh. mezz.
Miss Price. F. Bartolozzi se. In " Grammoiit's
Memoirs'"^
* lie is called KiJIegrcw in the *' Memoirs dc Gramtuont.''
OF ENGLAND. 386
" The true and lively portraiture of that virtuous
gentlewoman MARTHA WILLIAMS, one of the
daughters of that valiant colonel and worthy knight,
SirMarmaduke Rawdon, of Hodsdon, in Hertfordshire,
and wife to Thomas Williams, gentleman, the fourth
son of Sir Henry Williams, of Gwemeut, in Breck-
nockshire, knight and baronet." R. White sc. Svo.
SARAH RAWDON, wife to Marmaduke Rawdon,
esq. R. White sc. 4to. See Marmaduke Rawdon,
Class VIIL
KATHARINE RAWDON, wife of William Bow-
yer, &c. R. White sc. Ato.
The true and lively portraiture of that virtuous gen-
tlewoman ELIZABETH RAWDON, wife to Mr. Wil-
liam Rawdon, of Bermondsey Court, in the county of
Surrey, gentleman. She was bom the 18th of Jctnuary,
1632.
ELIZABETH RAWLINSON, wife of Curwen
Rawlinson, and daughter to Dr. Monck, bishop of
Hereford. Ob. 1691, M. 43. Jos. Nutting sc. This
head is in the same plate with Nicholas Monck, and
several others of the Rawlinson family ; Ato.
Curwen Rawlinson, husband of this lady, has been already men-
tioned. He left issue by her two sons ; Monck, who died young,
and Christopher, of whom there is a.portrait« which belongs to the
reign of Anne.
MADAM SMITH, wife of Erasmus Smith, esq'.
Knellerp. 1680. G. White f. h.sh. mezz. See Eras-
mus Smith, Class VIII.
VOL. V, 3d
386 BIOGRAPHICAL HISTORY
MADAM GRAHAM. Lely p. Tampson ea^c. h. sL
mezz.
MADAM PHILADELPHIA SAUNDERS. P.
Lefy p. Browne; h. sh. mew.
*******
MADAM PARSON. P. Lely p. J. Verkotye /.
1683; h. sh. mezz.
MADAM JANE KELLEWAY, in the character
of Diana. Lely p. Browne; h. sh. mezz.
MADAM JANE LONG. P. Lely p. R. Tompson
ere. h. sh. mezz.
Mrs. Long was an actress, bat of no great celebrity. She per-
formed in public in the year 1662.
SOPHIA BULKELY. H.Gascarp. h. sh. mezi.
This lady was daughter of Walter Stuart, esq. third son of Lord
Blantyre, and sister to Frances, dutchess of Richmond. She mar-
ried Henry Bulkeley, esq. " master of the household "♦ to Charles
the Second. In the reign of William, it was reported, that she was
confined in the Bastile, for holding a correspondence with Lord
Godolphin.f That she had some connexion with that lord, may be
. • Crawford's "Peerage of Scotland," p. 37.
t Dalrymple's "Memoirs," part ii. p. 189. She is there erroneously called
Lady Sophia Buckley,
OF ENGLAND. 387
presumed from the following stanziai, which is part of a satire against
Charles, written in 1680 :
Not for the nation, but the /air.
Our treasury provides :
Bulkeley's Godolphiirs only cace.
As Middletou is Hyde's.
DOROTHEA RUTTER; Martis 21, 166|^, mm
cetatis stue ult. etZ\.
*^ Life more abundant in her looks you see ;
Picture her soul, a heavenly saint is she."
The print is before her Funeral Sermon^ by Giles OkHs-
ivorth.
This amiable and pious lady was daughter of Sir John Hales, of
the White Friars, in Coventry, and wife of Michael Rutter, esq. of
Burton on the Hill, in Gloucestershire.
LADY RACHEL RUSSELL; from an original
picture at Miss Pelham's. i. Legoux sc. 4to. In
Harding's *^ Biographical Mirrour.''
Lady Rachel Russell; from an original picture
at Woobum, frontispiece to her Letters. C. Knight
sc. 8vo.
Lady Rachel Russell; /row the same picture.
G. Murray sc. 8vo.
Lady Rachel Russell was second daughter of Thomas Wriothes-
ley, earl of Southampton, lord high-treasurer of England, by
Rachel de Rouvigny, widow of Daniel de Massen, baron of
Rouvigny.
She was bom in 1636, and married first to Francis, lordVaughan,
eldest son of Richard, earl of Carberry, secondly to William, lord
Russell, second son of William, first duke of Bedford, who, in
1683, was executed for misprision of treason, but whose attainder
was afterward reversed by act of parliament.
388 BIOGRAPHICAL HISTORY
The excellent and undisturbed sense, and unsbaken finnness af
this virtuous heroine, while she assisted her lord during lus triilf
were proved not to be the result of insensibility^ miscalled philo-
sophy, bat a command over the most afflicted tenderness, as long
as she could be of use to him, and while she might have distressed
his affection. For the moment he was no more, she gave such
incessant loose to her tears, that she iKras supposed to have brou^t
pn her blindness; still with such devoted submission, that she
bore the violent reproofs of a bigoted chaplain, devoted to the
court, who augmented her rational grief by scarce oblique condem-
pation of the principles to which her dearest lord bad fallen a
sacrifice.
Her ladyship's letters, which have been published, are a com-
pound of resigned piety, never-ceasing grief, strong sense, and
true patriotism, with strict attention to all domestic duties. She
lived to the age of eighty-seven, revered almost as a saint herself,
and venerated as the relict of the martyr to liberty and tbs
ponstitution.
She died the 29th of September, 1723, having bom to Lord
Russell one son, Wriothesley, who, in 1700, succeeded his grand-
father in his honours and estate, and two daughters. Lady Radiel,
married to William, second duke of Devonshire, and Lady Catha-
rine, married to John, marquis of Qranby, aftei*ward second duke
pf Rutland.
MARY, wife of John Evelyn, esq. daughter of Sir
Richard Browne, bart. ambassador from King Charles
I. and II. to the court of France. Engraved by H,
JHei/er; 4to.
This lady became acquainted with the celebrated John Eveyln
during the time of his travels in France ; her father. Sir Richard
Browne, was acting in the French court as ambassador from King
Charles the First. Mr. Evelyn informs us in his memoirs that, "on
June 10th, 1647, we had concluded about my marriage, in order
to which I went to St, Germans, where the Prince of Wales had his
court, to desire of Dr. Earle, then one of his chaplains (since dean
of Westminster, clerk of the closet, and bishop of Salisbury), that
he would accompany me to Paris, which he did ; and on Thursday
27th June, 1647, he married us in Sir Richard Browne's chapel.
OF ENGLAND. 389
This was Corpus Christ! feast, which was solemnly ohserved in
this country; the streets were sumptuously hung with tapestry and
strewed with flowers." He farther informs us, that '• on Sept,
10th, the same year, heing called into England to settle his afBedrs,
after an absence of about four years, he took leave of the prince and
queen, leaving his wife, yet very young, under the care of an excel-
lent lady and prudent mother."
Mrs. Evelyn was a very amiable and accomplished woman, and
lived on terms of intimacy with persons of the highest distinction.
She outlived Mr. Evelyn, and by her will, dated Feb. 9, 1708,
desired to be buried in a stone coffin near that of ** my dear hus-
band, whose love and friendship I was happy in fifty-eight years nine
months, but by God's providence left a disconsolate widow the
27th day of February, 1705, in the 71st year of my age. His care
of my education was such as tenderness, affection, and fidelity, to
the last moment of his life, which obligation I mention with a gra-
titude to his memory, ever dear to me, and I must not omit to own
the sense I have of my parents* care and goodness in placing me in
such worthy hands."
MARIA JOHANNIS ONEBYE, de Hinckley Filia,
Thomae Staveley Leicestrensis Uxor ; in Nichols's
" History of Leicestershire''
This lady who was the youngest daughter of John Onebye, of
Hinckley, married in December, 1656, Thomas Staveley, a well-
known historian and antiquary, by whom she had issue three sons
and four daughters : 1. Thomas, who was admitted of Emmanuel
College, Cambridge, May 20, 1675, and was buried at St. Andrew's
church there, July 27, 1676. 2. William, baptized May 7, 1661,
was afterward a captain in the army, and a Roman Catholic. He
resided at Medboum in 1710, died there in 1723, and was buried
at Holt, April 18 ; having not long survived his wife, who was
buried August 17, 1722. 3. George Staveley, the youngest son
of Thomas, bom in 1665, was rector of Medboum 1696; where
he died, and was buried Aug. 1, 1709.
Of the four daughters, 1. Mary was married to Mr. Brudenell,
May 15, 1678; aud buried Oct. 18, 1729. 2. Anne, baptized
May 19, 1663, and buried July 15, 1694. 3. Christiana, baptized
390 BIOGRAPHICAL HISTORY
Not. 30, 1667; married to Mr. Walker, at Abingtoa, Dec. 17,
1689. 4. Jane, baptized Oct. 12, 1662 (the day on which her
mother was buried), died Nov. 19, 1705. — Mrs. Sta;ireley died
October 12, 1669.
The family of Mr. COOKE of Norfolk.* Huysman
p. Van Somerf. large sh. mezz.
The print is anonymous; but I give it this appeUa-
tion upon the authority of Vertues manuscript in my
possession. There is a half -sheet mezzotinto by Vincent^
which contains a copy of part of it. The eldest of the
children^ in the copj^holds a knotted sheep-hooky and has
by her side a lamb. The two least, who are represented
as an gels y are presumed to have died young. I mention
this circumstance as analogous to the children in the
clouds, in the famous family-piece at Wilton.
MRS. KATHARINE CLARKE. Ym Hove sc.
Katharine, wife of Mr. Samuel Clarke the biographer and mar-
tyrologist. Her husband extols her as an eminent example of
pie^, meekness, chastity, industry, and obedience. He tells us
'' that she never rose from table without making him a courtesy,
nor drank to him without bowing ; that his word was a law to her,
and that she often denied herself to gratify him." He i^pp^ars to
have been as good a husband, as she was a wife.
" Thej woe so one, thai none could trnlj saj.
Which did coMBMid, or vketfacr did obej :
He ral*d» because ihe woold ohej ; snd she.
In so obe jing, raTd as well as he."
She died the 21st of June, 1675, having herself, with great com-
posure, first closed her eyes. Her print, together with her life, is
in Clarice's last folic, 1683.
* As the priacipol %aics are jomig la£es, the print naj be placed here nith
propriety.
OF ENGLAND. 391
LUCY BARLOW, alias Waters; from a minia-
ture by Cooper , at Strawberry-hill. Harding exc. 4to.
Lucy Barlow, alias Waters, or more properly Walter, was the
daughter of Richard Walter, of Haverford-west, iu PeinJl>rokeshire^
esq. and mother of the unfortunate James, duke of Monmouth.
The following is Lord Clarendon's account of her and her son.
" A little before this time (July, 1662) the queen-mother re-;
turned again for England. With the queen there came over a
youth of about ten or a dozen years of age, who was called by the
name of Mr. Crofts, because the Lord Crofts had been trusted to
the care of his breeding; but he was generally thought to be the
king's son, begotten upon a private Welshwoman of no good fame,
but handsome, who had. transplanted herself to the Hague when
the king was first there, with a design to obtain this honour, which
a groom of the bed-chamber willingly preferred her to ; and there
it was this boy wa? born. The mother lived afterward for sofne
years in France, in the king's sight, and at lasjt lost his majesty's
favour; yet the king desirea to have the son delivered to him, that
he might take care of his education ; which she would not consent
to. — At last the Lord Crofts got him into his charge, and the
mother dying at Paris, he had the sole tuition of him, and took
care for the breeding him suitable to the quality of a very good
gentleman. And the queen, after some years, came to know of it,
and frequently had him brought to her, and used him with much
grace ; and upon the king*s desire brought him with her from Paris
to England, when he was about twelve years of age, very hand-
some; and performed those exercises gracefully which youths of
that age used to learn in France. The king received him with
extraordinary fondness, and was willing that every body should
believe him to be his son, though he did not yet make any decla-
ration that he looked upon him as such, otherwise than * by his
kindness and familiarity towards him. He assigned a liberal main-
tenance for him ; but took not that care for a strict breeding of
him as his age required.
'* After Mrs. Walters had this child, she kept so little measure
with the king, and lived so loosely when he was in Scotland, that
when, after the Worcester fight, he came to France, and she came
thither, he would have no fardier commerce with her. She tried
in vain all her little arts, and endeavoured to persuade Dr. Cosins,
that she was a convert, and would quit her scandalous way of life;
392 BIOGRAPHICAL HISTORY
but had at the same time a child by the Earl of Arlington, nvbo
grew up to be a woman, and was owned by the mother to be hen;
as like the earl as possible. — ^When the king went to Germany, she
imposed on Sir H. V. the king's resident at Brussels, to go along
with her to Cologne, and ask leave to marry him. But all bebg
in vain, she abandoned herself, and grew so common, Uiat she died
at Paris, after the restoration, of a disease incident to her pro-
fession."
MADAM DAVIS. Lely p. Valck f. 1678 ; 4to.
mtzz.
Madam Davis. Lely p. Tompson ejcc. h. sh. mezz.
She is represented playing on the guitar*
Madam Davis; playing on a clavichord, or spi-
net ; a gentleman (probably Charles II.) listening with
great attention : in the back grmndy a courtier bowing
to a gentleman and lady passing a portico, most likely
intended to represent the king and his mistress. R.
Tompson exc. half sheet ; mezz.
Madam Davis; tw^zz. P. Lely. A. de Bois;Ato.
Mary Davis. Kneller ; W. N. Gardiner so. In
Harding's " Grammont."
Mrs. Davis. Bocquet sc. In^^ Grammont" 1809,
8vo.
Mary Davis. Schiavonetti ; 1792.
At Billingbere, in Berkshire, the seat of Richard Neville Neville,
esq. is a fine portrait of her by Kneller, with a black. This pic-
ture, which is in the painter's best manner, was the property of
* The guitar was never in so gen«ral Togae in England, as it was in this reign.
The king was pleased with hearing Signor Francisco, an Italian, play on this
instrament; as he knew how to fetch better masic out of it than any other per*
former. Hence it became fashionable at court, and especially among the king's
mistresses, who were greater leaders in fashions of all kinds, than the queen herseif>
OF ENGLAND. 393
Baptist May, who was pnry purse to Charles II. and of smgular
service to him in his priTate pleasures.*
Mary Davies, mistress to Charles II. was some time comedian in
the Dake of York's theatre. She had one daughter by the king ;
namely Mary, who took the surname of Tador, and was, in 1687,
married to the son of Sir Francis Ratcliflfe, who became Earl of
Derwentwater.f
MADAM ELEANORA G\y\NN. Cooper p. G.
Valck sc. Ate.
Madam Gwiy. P. Lely p. G. Valck sc. A lanib
under her right arm.
Madam Eleanor Gwynn. Lely p. A lamb
under her left arm : copied from the former. There is
another copy in mezzotinto.
Mrs. Ellex GwYxx. P. Lely p. P .Van Bleeck f.
1751; h. sh. mezz.
Madam Ellex Gwyxx. P. Tempest e^'C. 4to.
mezz.
* John Wilmot, earl of Rodiester; John Sheffield, earl of MuIgraTo; Lord
Backkurst, afterward earl of Dorset; Henry, son of Thomas Killegrew; Henry
Savile; Fleetwood Sheppard, and Baptist May, were generally of the namberof
those select and face'tioas parties which enlivened the evenings of Charles IL in the
apartments of his mistresses. The last hot one of these persons, who, as well as
the Earl of Dorset, was a friend and patron of Prior, was a gentleman-usher» and
daily-waiter, and afterward usher of the black rod to King William. See more of
these faToarites in ** Athen. Oxon.** ii. col. 1039. See also Lord Clarendon's
<« Continnat." fol. p. 338, 355, 438, &c.
t It would be too indelicate to mention the particular consequences of the jalap,
vhicfa was given to Moll Davies at supper, by Nell Gwynn, who knew she was to
He the same night with the king. It is sufficient to hint at the violence of its ope«
ration, and the disastrous effects : such effects as the ancients would have attributed
to Antero8,t a malignant deity, and the avowed enemy of Cupid. She is said to
have captivated the monarch with her song, " My lodging is on the cold ground,?
in the character of Celania, a shepherdess mad for love.
X Amp«c.
VOL. V. 3 E
394 BIOGRAPHICAL HISTORY
Madam Gwynn ; holding a nosegay ; large Ato.
Madam Ellen Gwin, and her two sons, &c. in
the characters of Vemcs and two Cupids. Henry Gas-
car p. sh.
Madam Ellen Gwynn, and her two sons. Lelyp*
Tompson e.vc. h. sh. mezz.
Their portraits, in one piece, are at Welbeck.
Eleanor Gwynn; mezz. with a lamb. P.Lely;
M'Ardell.
JEleanor Gwynn; mezz. Becket.
Eleanor Gwynn ; mezz. de Blots.
Eleanor Gwynn ; mezz. Lely; V.Green; 4to.
Eleanor Gwynn, with a lamb; in an oval; P.
Lely ; J. Ogborne.
Eleanor Gwynn. R. Williams,
Eleanor Gwynn. Lely ; Scheneker. In Hard-
ing's " Grammont ;' 1793.
Nell Gwyn. Scheneker. In '' Grammont -^ 8ro.
1809.
There is a small etching of her^ in the fine manner
of Rembrandt. It was done by G. Spencer^ the late
painter J in miniature, after a picture of the same size in
Lord Bristol's Collection.
Eleanor Gwynn, better known by the famib'ar name of Nell, was,
at her first setting out in the world, a plebeian of the lowest rank,
and sold oranges in the playhouse. Nature seems to have quali-
fied her for the theatre. Her person, tliough below the middle size,
was well-turned : she had a good natural air, and a sprightliness
OF ENGLAND. 395
that promised erery thing in comedy. She was instructed by Hart
and Lacjj who were both actors of eminence; and, in ashorttime,
she became eminent herself in the same profession. She acted the
most spirited and fantastic parts * and spoke a prologue or epilogue
with admirable address. The pert and vivacious prattle of the
orange-wench, was, by degrees, refined into such wit as could
please Charles II. Indeed it was sometimes carried to extrava-
gance: but even her highest flights were so natural, that they
rather provoked laughter than excited disgust. She is said to
have been kept by Lord Dorset, before she was retained by the
king, and to have been introduced to the latter by the Duke of
Buckingham, with a view of supplanting the Dutchess of Cleve-
land.f Nell, who knew how to mimic every thing ridiculous about
the court, presently ingratiated herself with her merry sovereign,
and retained a considerable place in his affection to the time of his
death. — She continued to hang on her clothes with her usual neg-
ligence when she was the king's mistress : but whatever she did
became her. Ob, 1687. J
MADAM JANE ROBERTS. Lely p. Sold by
hronme; h. sh. mezz. very scarce.
This unhappy woman, who was also one of the king's mistresses,
was the daughter of a clergyman, and is said by Bishop Burnet, to
have fallen into '^ many scandalous disorders, attended with very
dismal adventures." But her sense of religion was so far from being
extinct, when she was engaged in an ill course of life, that she fre-
quently felt all the poignancy of remorse. She died a sincere pe-
Bitent. See Burnet, i. p. 263, 507.
* She very rarely appeared in tragedy, but is known to have acted the part of
Alinahide: to which Lord Lansdowii alludes, in his " Progress of Beauty :"
" And Almahide once more by kings adored."
-t See Burnet, i. p. ^65,
X She was, or affected to be, very orthodox, and a friend to the clergy and the
church. The story of her paying the debt of a worthy clergyman, whom, as she
was going through the city, she saw some bailiffs hurrying to prison, is a known
fact ; as is also that of her being insulted in her coach at Oxford, by the mob, who
mistook her for the Dutchess of Portsmouth. Upon which she looked out of the
-window, and said, with her usual good humour. Pray good people, be civil ; J am tk§
jprotettant whore. This laconic speech drew upon her the blessings of tb« popalacf ,
who suffered her to proceed without farther molestation.
396 BIOGRAPHICAL HISTORY
MRS. KNIGHT, a famous singer, and favourite of
King Charles II. G. Kneller p. J. Faber /. 1749.
E collectione J. Ellys ; h. sh. mezz. She is represented
in mourning J and in a devout posture^ before a cmci/Lv,
Whettier Mrs. Kuight were penitent from the same kind of guilt
that Mrs. Roberts was, is altogether uncertain. Thus much we are
sure of, that it was no easy task for a woman who happened to be
a favourite of Charles, and could probably charm him by her person
and her voice, to preserve her virtue. She, perhaps, deserves to be
in better company.* There is, in Waller's " Poems," a song "sung
by Mrs. Knight, to her majesty, on her birth-day." See Granger's
** Letters," p. 162.
The Lady (Mrs.) WILLIAMS. Leli/ p. Cooper;
large h. sh. mezz.
The Lady Williams. Wissi^ig p. Becketf. whole
length; large h. sh. mezz.
Mrs. Williams was mistress to the Duke of York ; but none could
ever think her a beauty. Lady Bellasyse was plain, Mrs. Sedley
was homely, and Mrs. Churchill was just the reverse of handsome.
The king said, that as his brother had been a sinner with the beau-
tiful part of the sex, it was probable that his confessor had imposed
such mistresses upon him by way of penance.
HESTHER TRADESCANT; in the same print
with her son; from a picture in the Ashmolean Museum^
Oxford ; Ato. J. Caul/ield esc.
Hesther Tradescant ; in an oval ; 8vo. J.Caul
field esc.
* If any credit may be given to a manuscript lampoon, dated 1686, Mrs. Knight
was employed by Charles as a procuress : particularly, she wa^ sent with overtures
to Nell Gwynn ; whom, as the same authority says. Lord Buckhurst would not part
with, till he was reimbursed 'the expenses her had lavished upon her. The king at
length created him earl of Middlesex for his compliance :
" Gave hira an earldom to resign his b — tch.'-
OF ENGLAND. 397
Hesiher, the widow of John Tradescant, jun. v;ho died in 1662,
being compelled, by a decree in Chancery, to deliver up to Elias
Ashmole, the moseam collected by her husband and his father,
which had been made over to him by a deed of gift of her husband's.
She was so much afflicted as to drown herself, a few days after being ,
despoiled of the property, in a pond in her own garden. There is
a print of Tradescant*s house in South Lambeth, etched by J. T.
Smith.
MADAM HUGHES. P. Lely p. 1677; h. sh.
mczz.
Madam Hewse, (Hughs). Lely p. R.Williams f.
h. sh. tnezz.
Mrs. Hughes. Bocquet sc. In " Grammont ;' 8vo.
1809. .
Margaret. Hughes was mistress to Prince Rupert. He bought for
her the magnificent seat of Sir Nicholas Crispe, near Hammersmith,
which cost 25,000/. the building. It was afterward sold to Mr.
Lannoy, a scarlet-dyer. The prince had one daughter by her,
named Ruperta, born in 1671. She married Emmanuel Seroope
Howe, esq. brigadier-general in the reign of Anne, and envoy ex-
traordinary to the house of Brunswick Lunenburg. He was brother
to Seroope, lord viscount Howe, of the kingdom of Ireland.*
Captain Alexander Radcliffe, in his " Ramble," evidently points at
Mrs. Hughes,
" Should I be hanged I could not choose
Bui laugh at wh-r*8 that drop from stews.
Seeing that mistress Margaret
So fine is/'
* Sandford, p. 571, edit. 1707. It appears from the same page, that he had also
a natural son by Frances Bard, daughter of Henry, viscount Beilomont, in Ireland.
This son was commonly called Dudley Rupert. He served as a volunteer in the
emperor's army, at the siege of Buda, where he was killed the ISth of July, 1686,
In the ll^Oth year of his age. See an account of Lord Beilomont, or Bellemont, in
«< Fast Oxon." ii. col. 38.
398 BIOGRAPHICAL HISTORY
WIVES OF ARTISTS, &c.
MRS. GIBSON. Walker sc. Jn the iame plate with
her husband. Engraved for the '* Anecdotes of Paint-
ing ;'' Ato.
■
Her portrait, by Vandyck, is in the same picture with the Dutchess
of Richmond, at Wilton. ^
Mrs. Anne Gibson, whose maiden name was Shepherd, was wife
to Richard Gibson, painter, and page of the back-stairs to Charles
I. That prince and his queen honoured the nuptials of this dimi-
nutive couple with their presence. They seemed to be just tallid
for each other y being exactly three feet ten inches in height.
" Design or chance makes others wive.
But nature did tiiis match contrive \
Eve might as well have Adam fled,
As she denied her little bed
To him, for whom heav'n seemed to frame
And measure out tliis only dame," Sec.
^VaIler on the Marriage of the Dwarfs.
They had nine children, who were all of a proper size. — Mrs. Gib-
son died in 1709, in the 98th year of her age.
D. DOROTHEA NARBONA, uxor D. Thomae
Raulins (vel Rawlins), supremi sculptoris sigilli Caroli
I. et Caroli II. &c. /. Careu del. Ant. Vander Doesf.
Ato.
Thomas Rawlins, her husband, was also an engraver of medals.
MRS. VAILLANT. W. Vaillantf Ato. mezz.
There are^ at leasts two prints of her, done by her
husband.
Mrs. Vaillant, with three children, one on her
right hand in cap and feather. W. Vaillant ; scarce.
OF ENGLAND. 399
This person was wife of Warner. Vaillant, the eagraver, of whom
there is an account in the preceding class.
ELIZABETH COOPER. Leli/ p. W. Faithomef.
whole length; h. sh. mezz. She is represented young.
Probably one of the family of Cooper, the printseller^ mentioned
in the foregoing class.
SCOTCH LADIES.
The Dutchess of LAUDERDALE, in the same plate
with the duke. Lely p. R. Tompson exc. sh. mezz.
The original picture is at Lord Dysert's, at Petersham.
Tliis lady, who was second wife to the Duke of Lauderdale, was
daughter and heir to William Murray, earl of Dysert, and widow of
Sir Lionel Tolmach,* of Helmingham, in Suffolk. Here she was
frequently visited by Oliver Cromwell, which occasioned the report
of their amorous correspondence. She was a woman of great quick-
ness of wit, of an extensive knowledge of the world, and of uncom-
mon penetration in state affairs. But her politics seemed to have been
of much the same cast with those of her husband. Bishop Burnet tells
us, that " shjB writ him a long account of shutting up the Exchequer,'*
as both just and necessary ."f It was much the same sort of neces-
sity that put her upon setting to sale all kinds of offices, during the
duke^s oppressive administration in Scotland. It is well known that
he acted in that kingdom like an eastern monarch, and his dutchess
carried herself with all the haughtiness of a sultana who governed
him.t
The Lady LORNE. P. Lely p. h. sh. mezz.
Elizabeth, daughter of Sir Lionel Tolmach, by Elizabeth his wife,
afterward dutchess of Lauderdale. She married Archibald, lord
Lome, who became earl, and at length duke of Argyle, to which
title he was raised 23 June, 1701.
* Vulgo Talmash.
t See Buraet's " Hist, of his own Time/' I. p, 306.
t Ibid. I. p. 339.
400 BIOGRAPHICAL HISTCyRY
LADY GRAMMONT. Lely p. M^Ardell f. mezz.
From the original in the gallery at Windsor*
There is an etching of her by Powle^ -after Leljj,
which was done for the edition of the " Memoirs de Gram-
montj" printed at Strawberry-hill.
Lady Grammont. W. N. Gardiner sc.
ITiis amiable lady was the wife of Count Grammont, and sister of
Count Hamilton, author of the " Memoires de Grammont." Charles
II. in a letter addressed to the Dutchess of Orleans, speaks thus of
her; "I believe she will pass for a handsome woman in France,
&c. She is as good a creature as ever lived.*'t See Grammont
in the Appendix.
IRISH LADIES.
The Countess of MEATH. Paulas Mignard, Ave-
monensis p. Londini ; P. Van Somer f. h.sh. mez
scarce.
Probably wife of the Earl of Meath, who was drowned in 1675,
near Holyhead, in Wales, in his passage from Ireland.
The Countess of OSSORY. Wissing p. Becket f.
h. sh. mezz.
AMELIA of Nassau, wife of Thomas, earl of Os-
sory. See Lady Arlington, in the division of the
English countesses. J
• Mac Ardell undertook to engrave the gallery of Beauties at Windsor; ofwhkh
he did the portrait above'described, and that of Mrs, erroneously called ladq^ Middle-
ton. He was prevented in making any farther progress in this work by death : but
we have artists now living, wlio are well able to prosecute this design, and to do jtw-
tice to Vandyck.
t Dalrynipie's " Memoirs," ii. p. 26.
X There is a mezEotinto print by Van Somer, after S. Brown, inscribed " Made-
nioist'ile Chailutte de Beeverwacrde." I take this lady to be one of tht four sisters uf
\3m^/iA^/ r.f/uy ^ IxWhaJ - Jr//r// ('-^/■'/z'/'///,
■/'// f'-''///'/;///.
• fiy W"RicA-ii-/i">i CulUSl-'tt Lii
OF ENGLAND. 401
Amelia, countess of Ossory; mezz. Leljf ; T.
Watson ; in the gallery at Windsor.
Amelia, countess of Ossory; niezz. a small oval.
The Lady MARY FIELDING, sole daughter of
Bamham, yiscount Carlingford. Lely p. J. Becket f.
h. sh. mezz^ See Robert Fielding, Class VlIL
Mary Swift, the only daughter of Barnham Swift, yiscount Car-
lingford, in the decline of her life married Bea.u Fielding. After
her death^ in 1682, he sold and dissipated the whole fortune of the
Swift iainfly. . See Lodge*s ^* Talbot Papers,*' vol. i. p. 192, note.
CONSTANTIA LUCY, daughter of Sir Richard
Lucy (of Broxbome, in Hertfordshire), sister to Sir
Kingsmill, and aunt to Sir Berkley, wife to Henry^ lord
Colerane. Ob. 1680. A small round y with or f laments:
it seems to be a head-piece. Arms^ three luces, or pikes,
Sfc. a/tpr the design of Henry, lord Colerane, by J.
Collins.
CoNSTANTiA LucY, lady Colerane; in a circle.
W. Richardson.
Constantia, first wife of Henry, lord Colerane, an eminent anti-
quary and virtuoso. He had by her two sons, Hugh and Lucius ;
and a daughter named Constantia, who married Hugh Smithson,
esq. of Tottenham, in Middlesex.
. CATHARINE, only daughter of Robert, and sister
of Sir Robert Southwell, of King's Weston, in Com.
Glou. knt. wife to Sir John Perceval, bart. (7th of that
name) bom the 1st of September, 1637, married the
Lady Ossory. There is another mezzotinto, inscribed, " Madam Helyot" (possibly
Elliot), by Uoyd, after Latterel. I have seen the same name ou the print of a nau
by Edelinck ; but the persons are apparently different.
VOL. V. 3 F
402 BIOGRAPHICAL HISTORY
14th of February, 1655, died the I7th of August, 1679.
J. Faberf. 1743, 8w. mezz. Engraved for the^ " Bx9-
tory of the House of YveryT
CATHARINE, daughter of Sir Edward Dering, of
Surrenden, in Kent, bart. wife to Sir John Perceval,
bart, (8th of that name) bom married Feb. 1680-1,
died Feb. 1691-2. Faha^f 1743. Engrwed for tkt
same book.
Lady Perceval, though some of her ancestors sacked towps and
conquered kingdoms, had sense enough to know that benevolence
of the heart and bounty of the hand, virtues for which she was par-
ticularly eminent, would avail her more than all the borrowed lustre
of ancestral honours. The illustrious descent of the house of Dering,
*^ from different branches of the Norman line of English kings,''
"from the imperial house of Charlemagne, or that of France,*** upon
which the family has long plumed itself, were, in her estimation,
the lightest of all vanities. She married to her second husband Col.
Butler, a gentleman of Ireland ; and, in a short time after her mas-
riage, died on the 2d of Feb. 1691-2. She lies buried in Chelsea
church.
A FOREIGN DUTCHESS, &c.
ORTANCE MANCHINI (Hortense Mancini),
dutchess of Mazarine, &c. P.Lely p. G. Valck sc,
1678 ; large h. sh. finely executed.
Ortance Manchini, &c. Lelyp. Verkolijef 1680,
Ato. mezz.
The Dutchess of Mazarine. f S. Lloyd exc.
mezz.
Another engraved after the direction of Picart^ Qvo.
• " Hist, of the House of Yvcry." 11. p. :S96, &c.
/
< OF ENGLAND. ■• 403
The Dutchess of Mazarine; mezx. A. de Blots.
The Dutchess of Mazarine. Lely ; P. Lombart;
prefixed to ^^ La Pratique des Vertues Chritiennes ;^
1669; 8vo.
The Dutchess of Mazarine; mezz. Lely; V. Somer.
The Dutchess of Mazarine. Stephani ; folio*
The Dutchess of Mazarine. Lely; Tompson;
fnezz. ■ " '
<
The Dutchess of Mazarine ; mezz. G. Valck.
The Dutchess of Mazarine ; as Pomona. Netscher;
J. Watson; 1777; mezz.
In the English translation of St. Evremond's works is a copy
from Locnbart's print of the Dutchess of York, inscribed, " The
Dutchess of Mazarine."
Hortense Mancini was, by permission of Lewis XIV. heiress to
the title, arms, and estate gf her uncle, the famous Cardinal Maza-
rine ; all which she transferred, by a marriage-contract, to the Duke
of Meilleiaye, whom she espoused. She possessed every qualifica-
tion that could inspire love, and appears to have been extremely
susceptible of that passion herself. Having quarrelled with the
duke her husband, she came into England, flushed with the con- 1611
quests she had made in her own country. She had evidently a de-
sign upon Charles II.* and was regarded as a most formidable rival
to the Dutchess of Portsmouth. It is said that a discovery of an
intrigue, in which she imprudently engaged soon after she came
over, prevented her gaining the ascendant in the royal favour.
The king, however, assigned her an annual pension of 4000/.
She lived many years at Chelsea, where her house was daily
resorted to by the witty, the gallant, and polite. St. Evremond,
* Fenton, in his Observations on Waller's '* Triple Combat/' informs us, that
she was once thought a fit match for Charles ; and that Henrietta Maria and Cardi-
nal Mazarine bad designed her for his queen. The same anthor observes that she
once had the greatest fSartfme of anj lad j^ in Europe.
404 *^ BIOGRAPHICAL HISTORY, Ac.
her avowed -.i/.i^^Irer, has drawn her character to great advantage;
indeed so fat, that we presently see his passions were too much
engaged fc a candid historian. He could scarce think that so
angelic a creature had any foibles, much less that she had vices
which would have disgraced the meanest of her sex. Ob. 2 Jaly,
1699.*
The notices that we have of most of the ladies in this reign, or
any other, ai'e but slender. If Mrs. Manleyf had £ourished at this
period, there is no question but we should have had more of their
secret history. It would doubtless have afforded a much more plen-
tiful harvest for such a writer than the reign of Anne.
• * , '
* It appears from several printed letters of Cardinal Mazarine to Lewis XIV. that
ibat prince was much in love with another niece of the cardinal's, at the time of his
marriage treaty with the infanta.
t Adthor of the ** New Atalantis.*'
END OF VOL. V.
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